US3922196A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Enzymatic hydrolysis of granular starch
Assignee: Unilever Bestfoods North America
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Filing: 1974-10-08
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Granted: 1975-11-25
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Expires: 1994-10-08
Abstract
Abstract Process for converting granular starch to a soluble hydrolysate comprising agitating a mixture of granular starch, water, and an alpha-amylase and at least one saccharification enzyme at a temperature between the normal initial gelatinization temperature of the starch and the actual gelatinization temperature of the starch, and maintaining the starch in essentially granular form until a soluble hydrolyzate is produced. The specific saccharification ezymes disclosed are beta-amylases, glucoamylase and isoamylase. A two-step process is also disclosed wherein the granular starch is solubilized with alpha-amylase in a first step and the solubilized starch from the first step is treated with at least one saccharification enzyme in a second step. A starch hydrolyzate having a DE between 40 and 55 having the following composition by weight: 0-5% monosaccharides; 40-55% disacharides; 30-45% trisacharides and 20% polysaccharides having a DP greater than four, is also disclosed. The invention of this application relates to the solubilization of granular starch by enzymes, and more particularly to the conversion of granular starch to hydrolytic products.
Inventors
- 👤 Harry Woods Leach
- 👤 Ronald Emil Hebeda
- 👤 Dennis John Holik
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 01:08
CPC Classifications
C; C13; C13K; C13K7/00; C08; C08B; C08B30/00; C08B30/12; C13K1/00; C13K1/06; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S435/00; Y10S435/8215; Y10S435/822; Y10S435/832; Y10S435/836; Y10S435/839
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 77
Claim 1
Independent Claim
108 words
A PROCESS FOR DIRECTLY CONVERTING GRANULAR STARCH TO A SOLUBLE STARCH HYDROLYSATE, COMPRISING: SUBJECTING AN AQUEOUS SLURRY OF GRANULAR STARCH TO THE ACTION OF AN ALPHA-AMYLASE ENZYME PREPARATION AND TO THE ACTION OF AT LEAST ONE SACCHARIFYING ENZYME PREPARATION AT A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE FROM THE NORMAL INITIAL GELANTINIZATION TEMPERATURE OF THE STARCH TO THE ACTUAL GELANTINZATION TEMPERATURE OF THE STARCH, AT A PH OF ABOUT 4 TO ABOUT 7, FOR A PERIOD OF TIME TO ENZYMATICALLY CONVERT THE GRANULAR STARCH TO A SOLUBLE STARCH HYDROLYSATE, AND RECOVERING FROM SAID MIXTURE THE SOLUBLE STARCH HYDROLYSATE, WHEREBY ANY RESIDUAL, NON-SOLUBLE STARCH HAS SUBSTANTIALLY RETAINED ITS GRANULAR, UNGELANTIZED FORM.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
108 words
A PROCESS FOR DIRECTLY CONVERTING GRANULAR STARCH TO A SOLUBLE STARCH HYDROLYSATE, COMPRISING: SUBJECTING AN AQUEOUS SLURRY OF GRANULAR STARCH TO THE ACTION OF AN ALPHA-AMYLASE ENZYME PREPARATION AND TO THE ACTION OF AT LEAST ONE SACCHARIFYING ENZYME PREPARATION AT A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE FROM THE NORMAL INITIAL GELANTINIZATION TEMPERATURE OF THE STARCH TO THE ACTUAL GELANTINZATION TEMPERATURE OF THE STARCH, AT A PH OF ABOUT 4 TO ABOUT 7, FOR A PERIOD OF TIME TO ENZYMATICALLY CONVERT THE GRANULAR STARCH TO A SOLUBLE STARCH HYDROLYSATE, AND RECOVERING FROM SAID MIXTURE THE SOLUBLE STARCH HYDROLYSATE, WHEREBY ANY RESIDUAL, NON-SOLUBLE STARCH HAS SUBSTANTIALLY RETAINED ITS GRANULAR, UNGELANTIZED FORM.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the starch is corn starch.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the concentration of starch is from about 5% to about 40%, by weight.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
32 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the alpha-amylase is present in an amount to provide from about 0.1 unit to about 25 alpha-amylase units of activity per gram of starch (dry basis).
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the alpha-amylase is derived from a Bacillus organism.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the alpha-amylase is derived from a Bacillus subtillus organism.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the alpha-amylase is derived from a Bacillus licheniformis organism.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
36 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the alpha-amylase is derived from a Bacillus licheniformis strain selected from the group consisting of NCIB 8059, NCIB 8061, ATCC 6598, ATCC 6634, ATCC 8480, ATCC 9945A and ATCC 11945.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the alpha-amylase is derived from Bacillus licheniformis strain NCIB 8061.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 1, wherein at least one of said saccharifying enzyme preparations is a maltogenic enzyme preparation.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 10, wherein the maltogenic enzyme preparation is a beta-amylase.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
36 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the mixture of granular starch, water, alpha-amylase and at least one saccharifying enzyme preparation contains from about 0.01% to about 1.0% of an anionic surfactant, by weight of the mixture.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
69 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the alpha-amylase and saccharifying enzyme preparations are added to the granular starch and water at a temperature equal to or below the initial gelatinization temperature of the granular starch to thereby produce a sufficient quantity of hydrolysate products in the mixture to prevent gelatinization of the granular starch and thereafter heating the mixture to a temperature of from about 55*C to about 80*C.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the starch is corn starch aNd the conversion is conducted at a temperature of from 60*C to about 75*C.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the residual, non-soluble starch is recycled.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said mixture includes beta-amylase and an isoamylase.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
39 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the agitated mixture additionally contains a pullulanase enzyme preparation in an amount to provide from about 0.1 to about 0.5 pullulanase units of activity per gram of starch (dry basis) in the mixture.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
145 words
A process for directly converting granular corn starch to a soluble corn starch hydrolysate, comprising: agitating a mixture of granular corn starch, water, an alpha-amylase enzyme preparation derived from Bacillus licheniformis and at least one saccharifying enzyme preparation, wherein the concentration of corn starch is from about 5% to about 40%, by weight, the alpha-amylase is present in an amount to provide from about 0.1 unit to about 25 alpha-amylase units of activity per gran of starch (dry basis), at a temperature in the range of from about 60*C to about 75*C at a pH of from about 4 to about 7, maintaining said conditions for a period of time to enzymatically convert the granular corn starch to a soluble starch hydrolysate, and recovering from said mixture the soluble corn starch hydrolysate, whereby any residual, non-soluble corn starch has substantially retained its granular, ungelantinized form.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
145 words
A process for directly converting granular corn starch to a soluble corn starch hydrolysate, comprising: agitating a mixture of granular corn starch, water, an alpha-amylase enzyme preparation derived from Bacillus licheniformis and at least one saccharifying enzyme preparation, wherein the concentration of corn starch is from about 5% to about 40%, by weight, the alpha-amylase is present in an amount to provide from about 0.1 unit to about 25 alpha-amylase units of activity per gran of starch (dry basis), at a temperature in the range of from about 60*C to about 75*C at a pH of from about 4 to about 7, maintaining said conditions for a period of time to enzymatically convert the granular corn starch to a soluble starch hydrolysate, and recovering from said mixture the soluble corn starch hydrolysate, whereby any residual, non-soluble corn starch has substantially retained its granular, ungelantinized form.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
36 words
THE PROCESS OF CLAIM 18, WHEREIN THE ALPHA-AMYLASE IS DERIVED FROM A BACILLUS LICHENIFORMIS STRAIN IS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF NCIB 8059, NCIB 8061, ATCC 6598, ATCC 6634, ATCC8480, ATCC 9945A AND ATCC 11945.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 18, wherein the alpha-amylase is derived from Bacillus licheniformis strain NCIB 8061.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 18, wherein att least one of said saccharifying enzyme preparations is a maltogenic enzyme preparation.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 21, wherein the maltogenic enzyme preparation is a beta-amylase.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
36 words
The process of claim 18, wherein the mixture of granular starch, water, alpha-amylase and at least one saccharifying enzyme preparation contains from about 0.01% to about 1.0% of an anionic surfactant, by weight of the mixture.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 18, wherein the residual, non-soluble starch is recycled.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 18, wherein said mixture includes beta-amylase and an isoamylase.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
173 words
A process for directly converting granular starch to a soluble starch hydrolysate, comprising: agitating a mixture of granular starch, water, an alpha-amylase enzyme preparation and at least one maltogenic enzyme preparation, wherein the starch is present at a concentration in the range from about 5% to about 40% by weight of the mixture, the alpha-amylase is present in an amount to provide from about 0.1 to about 25 alpha-amylase units of activity per gram of starch (dry basis) and the maltogenic enzyme is present in an amount such as to provide from about 0.1 to about 5 units of beta-amylase activity per gram of starch (dry basis), at a temperature in the range from the normal initial gelatinization temperature of the starch to the actual gelatinization temperature of the starch, maintaining said conditions for a period of time to enzymatically convert the granular starch in said mixture to a soluble starch hydrolysate, and recovering from said mixture the soluble starch hydrolysate, whereby any residual non-soluble starch has substantially retained its granular, ungelatinized form.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
173 words
A process for directly converting granular starch to a soluble starch hydrolysate, comprising: agitating a mixture of granular starch, water, an alpha-amylase enzyme preparation and at least one maltogenic enzyme preparation, wherein the starch is present at a concentration in the range from about 5% to about 40% by weight of the mixture, the alpha-amylase is present in an amount to provide from about 0.1 to about 25 alpha-amylase units of activity per gram of starch (dry basis) and the maltogenic enzyme is present in an amount such as to provide from about 0.1 to about 5 units of beta-amylase activity per gram of starch (dry basis), at a temperature in the range from the normal initial gelatinization temperature of the starch to the actual gelatinization temperature of the starch, maintaining said conditions for a period of time to enzymatically convert the granular starch in said mixture to a soluble starch hydrolysate, and recovering from said mixture the soluble starch hydrolysate, whereby any residual non-soluble starch has substantially retained its granular, ungelatinized form.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
14 words
THE PROCESS OF CLAIM 26, WHEREIN THE ALLPHA-AMYLASE IS DERIVED FROM A BACILLLUS ORGANISM.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 26, wherein the alpha-amylase is derived from a Bacillus subtillus organism.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 26, wherein the alpha-amylase is derived from a Bacillus licheniformiS organism.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
36 words
The process of claim 26, wherein the alpha-amylase is derived from a Bacillus licheniformis strain selected from the group consisting of NCIB 8059, NCIB 8061, ATCC 6598, ATCC 6634, ATCC 8480, ATCC 9945A and ATCC 11945.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 26, wherein the alpha-amylase is derived from Bacillus licheniformis strain NCIB 8061.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 26, wherein the maltogenic enzyme preparation is a beta-amylase.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
36 words
The process of claim 26, wherein the mixture of granular starch, water, alpha-amylase and at least one maltogenic enzyme preparation contains from about 0.01% to about 1.0% of an anionic surfactant, by weight of the mixture.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
69 words
The process of claim 26, wherein the alpha-amylase and maltogenic enzyme preparations are added to the granular starch and water at a temperature equal to or below the initial gelatinization temperature of the granular starch to thereby produce a sufficient quantity of hydrolysate products in the mixture to prevent gelatinization of the granular starch and thereafter heating the mixture to a temperature of from about 55*C to about 80*C.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process of claim 26, wherein the starch is corn starch and the conversion is conducted at a temperature of from 60*C to about 75*C.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 26, wherein the residual, non-soluble starch is recycled.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 26, wherein said mixture includes beta-amylase and an isoamylase as the maltogenic enzyme preparations.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
164 words
A process for directly converting granular corn starch to a soluble corn starch hydrolysate, comprising: agitating a mixute of granular corn starch, water, and alpha-amylase enzyme preparation derived from Bacillus licheniformis and at least one maltogenic enzyme preparation, wherein the concentration of starch is from about 5% to about 40%, by weight, the alpha-amylase is present in an amount to provide from about 0.1 unit to about 25 alpha-amylase units of activity per gram of starch (dry basis), the maltogenic enzyme preparation is present in an amount such as to provide from about 0.1 to about 5 beta-amylase units of activity per gram of starch (dry basis), at a temperature in the range of from about 60*C to about 75*C, maintaining said conditions for a period of time to enzymatically convert the granular corn starch in said mixture to a soluble starch hydrolysate, and recovering from said mixture the soluble starch hydrolysate, whereby any residual non-soluble starch has substantially retained its granular, ungelatinized form.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
164 words
A process for directly converting granular corn starch to a soluble corn starch hydrolysate, comprising: agitating a mixute of granular corn starch, water, and alpha-amylase enzyme preparation derived from Bacillus licheniformis and at least one maltogenic enzyme preparation, wherein the concentration of starch is from about 5% to about 40%, by weight, the alpha-amylase is present in an amount to provide from about 0.1 unit to about 25 alpha-amylase units of activity per gram of starch (dry basis), the maltogenic enzyme preparation is present in an amount such as to provide from about 0.1 to about 5 beta-amylase units of activity per gram of starch (dry basis), at a temperature in the range of from about 60*C to about 75*C, maintaining said conditions for a period of time to enzymatically convert the granular corn starch in said mixture to a soluble starch hydrolysate, and recovering from said mixture the soluble starch hydrolysate, whereby any residual non-soluble starch has substantially retained its granular, ungelatinized form.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
35 words
THE PROCESS OF CLAIM 38, WHEREIN THE ALPHA-AMYLASE IS DERIVED FROM A BACILLUS LICHENIFORMIS STRAIN SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF NCIB 8059, NCIB 8061, ATCC 6598, ATCC6634, ATCC 8480, ATCC 9945A AND ATCC 11945.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 38, wherein the alpha-amylase is derived from Bacillus licheniformis strain NCIB 8061.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 38, wherein the maltogenic enzyme preparation is a beta-amylase.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
36 words
The process of claim 38, wherein the mixture of granular starch, water, alpha-amylase and at least one maltogenic enzyme preparation contains from about 0.01% to about 1.0% of an anionic surfactant, by weight of the mixture.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 38, wherein the residual, non-soluble starch is recycled.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 38, wherein said mixture includes beta-amylase and an isoamylase.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
193 words
A process for directly converting granular corn starch to a soluble corn starch hydrolysate containing maltose comprising: agitating a mixture of granular corn starch, water, an alpha-amylase enzyme preparation derived from Bacillus licheniformis and a beta-amylase enzyme preparation, wherein the starch is present at a concentration in the range from about 10% to about 30% by weight of the mixture, the alpha-amylase is present in an amount to provide from about 1.0 to about 10 alpha-amylase units of activity per gram of corn starch (dry basis) and the beta-amylase is present in an amount to provide from about 0.1 to about 5 beta-amylase units of activity per gram of starch (dry basis), at a temperature in the range from the normal initial gelatinization temperature to the actual gelatinization temperature of the corn starch, at a pH of from about 4.0 to about 7.0, maintaining said conditions for a period of time unitl at least about 90% of the corn starch is hydrolyzed to a soluble starch hydrolysate containing maltose, and recovering from said mixture the soluble corn starch hydrolysate containing maltose, whereby any residual, non-soluble starch has substantially retained its granular, ungelatinized form.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
193 words
A process for directly converting granular corn starch to a soluble corn starch hydrolysate containing maltose comprising: agitating a mixture of granular corn starch, water, an alpha-amylase enzyme preparation derived from Bacillus licheniformis and a beta-amylase enzyme preparation, wherein the starch is present at a concentration in the range from about 10% to about 30% by weight of the mixture, the alpha-amylase is present in an amount to provide from about 1.0 to about 10 alpha-amylase units of activity per gram of corn starch (dry basis) and the beta-amylase is present in an amount to provide from about 0.1 to about 5 beta-amylase units of activity per gram of starch (dry basis), at a temperature in the range from the normal initial gelatinization temperature to the actual gelatinization temperature of the corn starch, at a pH of from about 4.0 to about 7.0, maintaining said conditions for a period of time unitl at least about 90% of the corn starch is hydrolyzed to a soluble starch hydrolysate containing maltose, and recovering from said mixture the soluble corn starch hydrolysate containing maltose, whereby any residual, non-soluble starch has substantially retained its granular, ungelatinized form.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
25 words
THE PROCESS OF CLAIM 45, WHEREIN THE CONVERSION AND SOLUBILIZATION IS CONDUCTED AT A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE OF FROM ABOUT 60* TO ABOUT 75*C.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
31 words
The process of claim 45, wherein an anionic surfactant is added to said agitated mixture in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 1.0% by weight of the agitated mixture.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
45 words
The process of claim 45, wherein the agitated mixture, in a first step is heated to a temperature of about 60*C, and in a subsequent step heated to a temperature of about 75*C until at least about 90% of the granular corn starch is hydrolyzed.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
40 words
The process of claim 45, wherein the agitated mixture additionally contains a pullulanase enzyme preparation in an amount to provide from about 0.1 to about 0.5 pullulanase units of activity per gram of starch (dry basis) in the agitated mixture.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
44 words
The process of claim 45, wherein the conversion and solubilization is conducted in an ultrafiltration cell wherein the enzyme preparation and non-soluble starch are retained in the cell and the soluble corn starch hydrolysate is passed through a semi-permeable membrane of said ultrafiltration cell.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
144 words
A process for directly converting granular starch to a soluble starch hydrolysate, containing maltose, comprising: a. agitating a mixture of granular starch, water and an alpha-amylase enzyme preparation at a temperature in the range from the normal initial gelatinization temperature of the starch to the actual gelatinization temperature of the starch, for a period of time to enzymatically solubilize at least about 10% of the starch to a soluble starch hydrolysate, b. adjusting the temperature to within the range from about 50*C to about 65*C and the pH to within the range from about 4 to about 6 and adding a beta-amylase enzyme preparation to enzymatically saccharify and convert the soluble starch hydrolysate to a soluble starch hydrolysate containing maltose, and c. recovering from said mixture the soluble starch hydrolysate containing maltose, whereby any residual, non-soluble starch has substantially retained its granular, ungelatinized form.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
144 words
A process for directly converting granular starch to a soluble starch hydrolysate, containing maltose, comprising: a. agitating a mixture of granular starch, water and an alpha-amylase enzyme preparation at a temperature in the range from the normal initial gelatinization temperature of the starch to the actual gelatinization temperature of the starch, for a period of time to enzymatically solubilize at least about 10% of the starch to a soluble starch hydrolysate, b. adjusting the temperature to within the range from about 50*C to about 65*C and the pH to within the range from about 4 to about 6 and adding a beta-amylase enzyme preparation to enzymatically saccharify and convert the soluble starch hydrolysate to a soluble starch hydrolysate containing maltose, and c. recovering from said mixture the soluble starch hydrolysate containing maltose, whereby any residual, non-soluble starch has substantially retained its granular, ungelatinized form.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 51, wherein the starch is corn starch.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 51, wherein the concentration of starch is from about 5% to about 40%, by weight.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
36 words
The process of claim 51, wherein the alpha-amylase used in step (a) is present in an amount to provide from about 0.1 unit to about 25 alpha-amylase units of activity per gram of starch (dry basis).
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 51, wherein the alpha-amylase used in step (a) is derived from a Bacillus organism.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 51, wherein the alpha-amylase used in step (a) is derived from a Bacillus subtillus organism.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 51, wherein the alpha-amylase used in step (a) is derived from a Bacillus licheniformis organism.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
40 words
The process of claim 51, wherein the alpha-amylase used in step (a) is derived from a Bacillus licheniformis STRAIN selected from the group consisting of NCIB 8059, NCIB 8061, ATCC 6598, ATCC 6634, ATCC 8480, ATCC 9445A and ATCC 11945.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 51, wherein the alpha-amylase used in step (a) is derived from Bacillus licheniformis strain NCIB 8061.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 51, wherein the mixture of step (a) additionally contains from about 0.01% to about 1.0% of an anionic surfactant, by weight of the mixture.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 51, wherein the starch is corn starch and the conversion of step (a) is conducted at a temperature of from 60*C to about 75*C.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
39 words
The process of claim 51, wherein the beta-amylase enzyme preparation used in step (b) is present in an amount such as to provide from about 0.1 to about 5 beta-amylase units of activity per gram of starch (dry basis).
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 51, wherein the residual, non-soluble starch is recycled.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
47 words
The process of claim 51, wherein at least one of the mixtures of steps (a) and (b) additionally contains a pullulanase enzyme preparation in an amount to provide from about 0.1 to about 0.5 pullulanase units of activity per gram of starch (dry basis) in the mixture.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
66 words
The process of claim 51, wherein prior to the solubilization in step (a) the alpha-amylase is added to the granular starch and water at a temperature equal to or lower than the initial gelatinization temperature of the starch to produce hydrolysate products in the mixture and thereafter the mixture is heated to a temperature of from about 60*C. to the actual gelatinization temperature of the starch.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
203 words
A process for directly converting granular corn starch to a soluble starch hydrolysate, containing maltose, comprising: a. agitating a mixture of granular corn starch, water, and an alpha-amylase enzyme preparation derived from Bacillus licheniformis, wherein the concentration of starch is from about 5% to about 40%, by weight, the alpha-amylase is present in an amount to provide from about 0.1 unit to about 25 alpha-amylase units of activity per gram of starch (dry basis), at a temperature in the range of from about 60*C to about 75*C, for a period of time to enzymatically solubilize at least about 10% of the starch to a soluble starch hydrolysate, b. adjusting the temperature to within the range from about 50*C to about 65*C and the pH to within the range from about 4 to about 6 and adding a beta-amylase enzyme preparation in an amount such as to provide from about 0.1 to about 5 beta-amylase units of activity per gram of starch (dry basis), to enzymatically saccharify and convert the soluble starch hydrolysate to a soluble starch hydrolysate containing maltose, and c. recovering from said mixture the soluble starch hydrolysate containing maltose, whereby any residual, non-soluble starch has substantially retained its granular, ungelatinized form.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
203 words
A process for directly converting granular corn starch to a soluble starch hydrolysate, containing maltose, comprising: a. agitating a mixture of granular corn starch, water, and an alpha-amylase enzyme preparation derived from Bacillus licheniformis, wherein the concentration of starch is from about 5% to about 40%, by weight, the alpha-amylase is present in an amount to provide from about 0.1 unit to about 25 alpha-amylase units of activity per gram of starch (dry basis), at a temperature in the range of from about 60*C to about 75*C, for a period of time to enzymatically solubilize at least about 10% of the starch to a soluble starch hydrolysate, b. adjusting the temperature to within the range from about 50*C to about 65*C and the pH to within the range from about 4 to about 6 and adding a beta-amylase enzyme preparation in an amount such as to provide from about 0.1 to about 5 beta-amylase units of activity per gram of starch (dry basis), to enzymatically saccharify and convert the soluble starch hydrolysate to a soluble starch hydrolysate containing maltose, and c. recovering from said mixture the soluble starch hydrolysate containing maltose, whereby any residual, non-soluble starch has substantially retained its granular, ungelatinized form.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 66, wherein the alpha-amylase is derived from Bacillus licheniformis strain NCIB 8061.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 66, wherein the agitated mixture of step (a) contains from about 0.01% to about 1.0% of an anionic surfactant, by weight of the mixture.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 66, wherein the residual, non-soluble corn starch is recycled.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
47 words
The process of claim 66, wherein at least one of the mixtures of steps (a) and (b) additionally contains a pullulanase enzyme preparation in an amount to provide from about 0.1 to about 0.5 pullulanase units of activity per gram of starch (dry basis) in the mixture.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-11-24 | 1979-05-26 | 1979-11-25 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-11-24 | 1983-05-26 | 1983-11-25 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-11-24 | 1987-05-26 | 1987-11-25 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |