US3920397A — Apparatus and method for quantitative analysis of…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 94 words

APPARATUS FOR CHROMATOGRAPHIC QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF A PLURALITY OF IONIC SPECIES IN A SOLUTION, EACH SPECIES BEING OF A COMMON VALENCE SIGN, SAID SIGN BEING ONE OF POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE, WHICH COMPRISES: FIRST ION EXCHANGE RESIN BED MEANS FOR CHROMATOGRAPHICALLY SEPARATING SAID PLURALITY OF IONIC SPECIES ON BEING ADDED TO AND ELUTED FROM SUCH RESIN BED WITH SOLUTION OF DEVELOPING REAGENT; MEANS FOR ADDING SAID PLURALITY OF IONIC SPECIES IN SOLUTION TO THE FIRST ION EXCHANGE RESIN BED MEANS; MEANS FOR ADDING SOLUTION OF DEVELOPING REAGENT TO THE FIRST ION EXCHANGE RESIN BED MEANS;

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 94 words

APPARATUS FOR CHROMATOGRAPHIC QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF A PLURALITY OF IONIC SPECIES IN A SOLUTION, EACH SPECIES BEING OF A COMMON VALENCE SIGN, SAID SIGN BEING ONE OF POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE, WHICH COMPRISES: FIRST ION EXCHANGE RESIN BED MEANS FOR CHROMATOGRAPHICALLY SEPARATING SAID PLURALITY OF IONIC SPECIES ON BEING ADDED TO AND ELUTED FROM SUCH RESIN BED WITH SOLUTION OF DEVELOPING REAGENT; MEANS FOR ADDING SAID PLURALITY OF IONIC SPECIES IN SOLUTION TO THE FIRST ION EXCHANGE RESIN BED MEANS; MEANS FOR ADDING SOLUTION OF DEVELOPING REAGENT TO THE FIRST ION EXCHANGE RESIN BED MEANS;

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 64 words

The apparatus as in claim 1 in which the ion exchange resin utilized in the first ion exchange resin bed means has a specific ion exchange capacity in the range of about 0.005 to 0.1 milliequivalents per gram of resin, the resin being particulate and having the exchange sites thereof readily and promptly accessible to ionic species in solution flowing over the particle surfaces.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 24 words

The apparatus as in claim 1 in which the means for quantitatively detecting separated ion species is a conductivity cell and readout means therefor.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 251 words

Apparatus for chromatographic quantitative analysis of a plurality of ionic species in a solution, each of a common valence sign, said sign being one of positive or negative, which comprises: preselected first and second ion exchange resin beds disposed so as to receive said solution of ionic species sequentially; means for adding said plurality of ionic species in solution to the first ion exchange resin bed means; means for adding solution of develoPing reagent to the first ion exchange resin bed means; a conductivity cell adapted to detect and react quantitatively to the said ionic species on their being eluted in solution from said second ion exchange resin bed and fed to said conductivity cell, said reaction of the conductivity cell being an electrical signal; a readout means electrically connected to and adapted to receive the electrical signal from said conductivity cell and to convert said electrical signal to a visible signal; and liquid conduit means for conveying said solution of ionic species from said second ion exchange resin bed to said conductivity cell; said first ion exchange resin bed being preselected to chromatographically separate said members of ionic species in said solution on being eluted therefrom and said second ion exchange resin bed being preselected to prevent the developing reagent from reaching the conductivity cell in highly ionized form; said second ion exchange resin bed having an ion exchange capacity sufficient to accommodate the developing reagent necessary to achieve separation of ionic species on said first ion exchange resin bed.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 251 words

Apparatus for chromatographic quantitative analysis of a plurality of ionic species in a solution, each of a common valence sign, said sign being one of positive or negative, which comprises: preselected first and second ion exchange resin beds disposed so as to receive said solution of ionic species sequentially; means for adding said plurality of ionic species in solution to the first ion exchange resin bed means; means for adding solution of develoPing reagent to the first ion exchange resin bed means; a conductivity cell adapted to detect and react quantitatively to the said ionic species on their being eluted in solution from said second ion exchange resin bed and fed to said conductivity cell, said reaction of the conductivity cell being an electrical signal; a readout means electrically connected to and adapted to receive the electrical signal from said conductivity cell and to convert said electrical signal to a visible signal; and liquid conduit means for conveying said solution of ionic species from said second ion exchange resin bed to said conductivity cell; said first ion exchange resin bed being preselected to chromatographically separate said members of ionic species in said solution on being eluted therefrom and said second ion exchange resin bed being preselected to prevent the developing reagent from reaching the conductivity cell in highly ionized form; said second ion exchange resin bed having an ion exchange capacity sufficient to accommodate the developing reagent necessary to achieve separation of ionic species on said first ion exchange resin bed.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 31 words

Apparatus as in claim 4 wherein the ion exchange capacity of the second ion exchange resin bed is at least 5 times the capacity of the first ion exchange resin bed.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 31 words

Apparatus as in claim 4 wherein the ion exchange capacity of the second ion exchange resin bed is at least 200 times the capacity of the first ion exchange resin bed.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 36 words

The apparatus as in claim 4 wherein the first ion exchange resin bed is made up of a cation exchange resin and the second ion exchange resin bed is made up of an anion exchange resin.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 36 words

The apparatus as in claim 4 wherein the first ion exchange resin bed is made up of an anion exchange resin and the second ion exchange resin bed is made up of a cation exchange resin.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 200 words

Apparatus for chromatographic quantitative analysis of a plurality of ionic species in a solution, each of a common valence sign, said sign being one of positive or negative, which comprises: a generally cylindrical chromatographic column adapted to hold two ion exchange beds, one above the other, said column being provided at about mid-height with a liquid transmitting distributor element supported by the column wall and extending transversely across the width of the column, said column having a valve controlled port adjacent said distributor element, and means for admitting to the top of the column each of said solution to be analyzed and developing reagent; a common quantitative detection means adapted to detect and react quantitatively to the members of said ionic species on their being eluted in solution from said chromatographic column and fed to said detection means along with preselected solution of developing reagent, said reaction of the detection means being an electrical signal; A readout means electrically connected to and adapted to receive the electrical signal from said detection means and to convert said electrical signal to a visible signal; and liquid conduit means for conveying said solution of ionic species from the column to said detection means.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 200 words

Apparatus for chromatographic quantitative analysis of a plurality of ionic species in a solution, each of a common valence sign, said sign being one of positive or negative, which comprises: a generally cylindrical chromatographic column adapted to hold two ion exchange beds, one above the other, said column being provided at about mid-height with a liquid transmitting distributor element supported by the column wall and extending transversely across the width of the column, said column having a valve controlled port adjacent said distributor element, and means for admitting to the top of the column each of said solution to be analyzed and developing reagent; a common quantitative detection means adapted to detect and react quantitatively to the members of said ionic species on their being eluted in solution from said chromatographic column and fed to said detection means along with preselected solution of developing reagent, said reaction of the detection means being an electrical signal; A readout means electrically connected to and adapted to receive the electrical signal from said detection means and to convert said electrical signal to a visible signal; and liquid conduit means for conveying said solution of ionic species from the column to said detection means.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 14 words

The apparatus as in claim 9 wherein the detection means is a conductivity cell.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 124 words

The apparatus as in claim 9 wherein the column is charged with two ion exchange resins in juxtaposed beds, the upper bed being of an ion exchange resin adapted to resolve the members of said ionic species, to be determined, on being eluted therefrom with a dissolved developing reagent and the lower bed being of an ion exchange resin adapted to prevent the developing reagent in said solution from passing out of the column in highly ionized form while passing the resolved members of said ionic species in substantially ionic form and substantially without interfering with said resolution, said resin in the lower bed having an ion exchange capacity at least 20 times the ion exchange capacity of the resin in the uppEr bed.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 40 words

The apparatus as in claim 11 wherein the upper bed is of a resin with surface accessible ion exchange sites, and exhibiting a specific ion exchange capacity in the range of about 0.005 to 0.1 milliequivalents per gram of resin.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 182 words

Apparatus for the chromatographic quantitative analysis of a plurality of ionic species each of a common valence sign, said sign being one of positive or negative, said species being in solution, which comprises: first and second chromatographic columns connected in series by a liquid conduit; a conductivity cell adapted to detect and react quantitatively to the said ionic species on being eluted in solution from said second chromatographic column and fed to said conductivity cell, said reaction of the conductivity cell being an electrical signal; a readout means electrically connected to and adapted to receive the electrical signal from said conductivity cell and to convert said electrical signal to a visible signal proportional to the amount of the ionic species in the solution being analyzed; liquid conduit means for conveying each of the solution of ionic species and solution of developing reagent to said first chromatographic column and for conveying effluent from said second chromatographic column to said conductivity cell; and means for introducing each of plurality of ionic species in solution and solution of developing reagent into said liquid conduit means.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 182 words

Apparatus for the chromatographic quantitative analysis of a plurality of ionic species each of a common valence sign, said sign being one of positive or negative, said species being in solution, which comprises: first and second chromatographic columns connected in series by a liquid conduit; a conductivity cell adapted to detect and react quantitatively to the said ionic species on being eluted in solution from said second chromatographic column and fed to said conductivity cell, said reaction of the conductivity cell being an electrical signal; a readout means electrically connected to and adapted to receive the electrical signal from said conductivity cell and to convert said electrical signal to a visible signal proportional to the amount of the ionic species in the solution being analyzed; liquid conduit means for conveying each of the solution of ionic species and solution of developing reagent to said first chromatographic column and for conveying effluent from said second chromatographic column to said conductivity cell; and means for introducing each of plurality of ionic species in solution and solution of developing reagent into said liquid conduit means.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 22 words

The apparatus as in claim 13 wherein both said first and second chromatographic columns have approximately the same length and width dimensions.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 32 words

The apparatus as in claim 13 wherein the readout means is a recorder-integrator electrically connected to a conductivity meter which is in turn electrically connected to the electrodes of said conductivity cell.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 81 words

The apparatus as in claim 13 wherein the first ion exchange column is charged with an ion exchange resin adapted to resolve the members of said ionic species on being eluted therefrom with a solution of developing reagent and the second ion exchange column is charged with an ion exchange resin adapted to prevent the developing reagent from reaching the conductivity cell in highly ionized form while passing the resolved members of said ionic species substantially without interfering with said resolution.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 22 words

The apparatus as in claim 16 wherein the first chromatographic column is charged with a high performance, low capacity ion exchange resin.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 41 words

The apparatus as in claim 16 wherein the second chromatographic column is charged with a high capacity ion exchange resin having an ion exchange capacity at least 20 times the ion exchange capacity of the resin in the first chromatographic column.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 35 words

The apparatus as in claim 18 wherein the ion exchange capacity of the resin in the second column is at least 200 times the ion exchange capacity of the resin in the first chromatographic column.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 26 words

The apparatus as in claim 16 wherein the first chromatographic column contains a cation exchange resin and the second chromatographic column contains an anion exchange resin.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 26 words

The apparatus as in claim 16 wherein the first chromatographic column contains an anion exchange resin and the second chromatographic column contains a cation exchange resin.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 204 words

Apparatus for chromatographic quantitative analysis of a plurality of ionic species each of a common valence sign, said sign being one of positive or negative, and said ionic species being in solution, which comprises: a first chromatographic column and a plurality of respective second chromatographic columns; a common detection means adapted to detect and react quantitatively to the said ionic species on their being eluted from any of said plurality of second chromatographic columns to said detection means, said reaction of the detection means being an electrical signal; a readout means electrically connected to and adapted to receive the electrical signal from saiD detection means and to convert said electrical signal to a visible signal; liquid conduit and header and valving means for conveying liquid from the first chromatographic column in turn to any preselected second chromatographic column and liquid conduit and header and valving means for conveying liquid effluent from any preselected second chromatographic column to said detection means; liquid conduit means for conveying each of said solution of ionic species and preselected developing reagent solution to said first chromatographic column; and means for introducing each of plurality of ionic species in solution and solution of developing reagent into said liquid conduit means.

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 204 words

Apparatus for chromatographic quantitative analysis of a plurality of ionic species each of a common valence sign, said sign being one of positive or negative, and said ionic species being in solution, which comprises: a first chromatographic column and a plurality of respective second chromatographic columns; a common detection means adapted to detect and react quantitatively to the said ionic species on their being eluted from any of said plurality of second chromatographic columns to said detection means, said reaction of the detection means being an electrical signal; a readout means electrically connected to and adapted to receive the electrical signal from saiD detection means and to convert said electrical signal to a visible signal; liquid conduit and header and valving means for conveying liquid from the first chromatographic column in turn to any preselected second chromatographic column and liquid conduit and header and valving means for conveying liquid effluent from any preselected second chromatographic column to said detection means; liquid conduit means for conveying each of said solution of ionic species and preselected developing reagent solution to said first chromatographic column; and means for introducing each of plurality of ionic species in solution and solution of developing reagent into said liquid conduit means.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 15 words

The apparatus as in claim 22 in which the detection means is a conductivity cell.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 57 words

The apparatus as in claim 22 which comprises, in addition: a plurality of developing reagent reservoirs, a pump, a selection valve, a sample injection valve and liquid conduit means for bringing developing reagent solution from any of said reservoirs to the selection valve, the pump and the sample injection valve and thence to the first chromatographic column.

Claim 30

Dependent Claim 203 words

Apparatus for chromatographic quantitative analysis of a plurality of ionic species each of a common valence sign, said sign being one of positive or negative and said ionic species being in solution, which comprises: at least one first chromatographic column and at least one second chromatographic column, each said at least one first chromatographic column being piped to be utilized in parallel and alternatively, and each said at least one second chromatographic column being piped to be utilized in a parallel and alternatively, the effluent from a preselected at least one first chromatographic column being connected by piping and valving means for conveying such effluent to any preselected at least one second chromatographic column, means for adding said plurality of ionic species in solution to the first ion exchange resin bed means; means for adding solution of developing reagent to the first ion exchange resin bed means; a common detection means adapted to detect and react quantitatively to the said ionic species on being eluted from said at least one second chromatographic column, said reaction of the detection means being an electric signal, and piping means for conveying effluent from the terminal used at least one second chromatographic column to said detection means.

Claim 31

Dependent Claim 203 words

Apparatus for chromatographic quantitative analysis of a plurality of ionic species each of a common valence sign, said sign being one of positive or negative and said ionic species being in solution, which comprises: at least one first chromatographic column and at least one second chromatographic column, each said at least one first chromatographic column being piped to be utilized in parallel and alternatively, and each said at least one second chromatographic column being piped to be utilized in a parallel and alternatively, the effluent from a preselected at least one first chromatographic column being connected by piping and valving means for conveying such effluent to any preselected at least one second chromatographic column, means for adding said plurality of ionic species in solution to the first ion exchange resin bed means; means for adding solution of developing reagent to the first ion exchange resin bed means; a common detection means adapted to detect and react quantitatively to the said ionic species on being eluted from said at least one second chromatographic column, said reaction of the detection means being an electric signal, and piping means for conveying effluent from the terminal used at least one second chromatographic column to said detection means.

Claim 32

Dependent Claim 15 words

The apparatus as in claim 25 in which the detection means is a conductivity cell.

Claim 33

Dependent Claim 24 words

The apparatus as in claim 25 having a plurality of at least one first chromatographic column piped to be used in parallel and alternatively.

Claim 34

Dependent Claim 24 words

The apparatus as in claim 25 having a plurality of at least one second chromatographic column piped to be used in parallel and alternatively.

Claim 35

Dependent Claim 11 words

The apparatus as in claim 25 having two second chromatographic columns.

Claim 36

Dependent Claim 147 words

Method of chromatographic quantitative analysis of a plurality of ionic species in a solution, each species being of a common valence sign, said sign being one of positive or negative, which comprises: adding said solution to first ion exchange resin bed means and separating said plurality of ionic species on eluting said ion species from said first resin bed with a solution of developing reagent, the ion exchange resin and the developing reagent being preselected to cooperatively facilitate chromatographic ion species separation; passing the effluent from the first ion exchange resin bed means through a second ion exchange resin bed means, containing ion exchange resin of a preselected nature, geometric configuration and amount to effectively convert all of said developing reagent to weakly ionized form substantially without destroying the said separation; and quantitatively detecting each separated ionic species exiting from said second ion exchange resin bed means.

Claim 37

Dependent Claim 147 words

Method of chromatographic quantitative analysis of a plurality of ionic species in a solution, each species being of a common valence sign, said sign being one of positive or negative, which comprises: adding said solution to first ion exchange resin bed means and separating said plurality of ionic species on eluting said ion species from said first resin bed with a solution of developing reagent, the ion exchange resin and the developing reagent being preselected to cooperatively facilitate chromatographic ion species separation; passing the effluent from the first ion exchange resin bed means through a second ion exchange resin bed means, containing ion exchange resin of a preselected nature, geometric configuration and amount to effectively convert all of said developing reagent to weakly ionized form substantially without destroying the said separation; and quantitatively detecting each separated ionic species exiting from said second ion exchange resin bed means.

Claim 38

Dependent Claim 35 words

The method as in claim 30 in which the first ion exchange resin is a resin having a specific ion exchange capacity in the range of about 0.005 to 0.1 milliequivalents per gram of resin.

Claim 39

Dependent Claim 29 words

The method as in claim 30 in which the second ion exchange resin bed has at least 20 times the total exchange capacity of the first ion exchange resin.

Claim 40

Dependent Claim 29 words

The method as in claim 30 in which the second ion exchange resin bed has at least 200 times the total exchange capacity of the first ion exchange resin.

Claim 41

Dependent Claim 40 words

The method as in claim 30 in which the developing reagent utilized has an affinity for the first ion exchange resin from about 0.1 to 10 times that of the most tightly bound of the ionic species being quantitatively analyzed.

Claim 42

Dependent Claim 44 words

The method as in claim 30 in which the ionic species are cations, the resin in the first ion exchange resin bed means is a cation exchange resin and the resin in the second ion exchange resin bed means is an anion exchange resin.

Claim 43

Dependent Claim 52 words

The method as in claim 30 in which the ionic species are selected from cations of alkali metals and ammonium and organic cations which form soluble hydroxides and the developing reagent is selected from strong mineral acid and the resin in the second ion exchange resin bed is in the hydroxide form.

Claim 44

Dependent Claim 44 words

The method as in claim 30 in which the ionic species are cations of compounds selected from protonated amine and quaternary ammonium halides, the developing reagent is hydrochloric acid and the resin in the second resin bed is in the hydroxide or basic form.

Claim 45

Dependent Claim 47 words

The method as in claim 30 in which the ionic species are cations of compounds selected from protonated amine and quaternary ammonium chloride, the developing reagent is selected from weak base amine hydrohalide salts, and the resin in the second resin bed is in the hydroxide form.

Claim 46

Dependent Claim 36 words

The method as in claim 30 in which the ionic species are cations of alkali metals, the developing reagent is HCl, and the resin in the second ion exchange resin bed is in the hydroxide form.

Claim 47

Dependent Claim 44 words

The method as in claim 30 in which the ionic species are anions, the resin in the first ion exchange resin bed means is an anion exchange resin and the resin in the second ion exchange resin bed means is a cation exchange resin.

Claim 48

Dependent Claim 47 words

The method as in claim 40 in which the ionic species are anions of highly dissociated acids, the developing reagent is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide and the resin in the second ion exchange resin bed means is a cation exchange resin in the hydrogen ion form.

Claim 49

Dependent Claim 28 words

The method as in claim 40 in which the ionic species are selected from the group consisting of Cl , Br , PO4 , NO3 and SO4 .

Claim 50

Dependent Claim 66 words

The method as in claim 40 in which the anions are selected from the group consisting of SO4 , PO4 , and, organic anions that are tightly bound by the anion exchange resin but do not form insoluble or weakly dissociated acids, the developing reagent is sodium phenate, and the cation resin in the second ion exchange resin bed means is in the hydrogen ion form.

Claim 51

Dependent Claim 43 words

The method as in claim 30 in which the separated ionic species exiting from the second ion exchange resin bed means is detected with a conductivity cell which produces an electrical signal proportional to the amount of ionic species present in the cell.

Claim 52

Dependent Claim 21 words

The method as in claim 44 in which the said electrical signal is directed to readout means producing a visible signal.

Claim 53

Dependent Claim 15 words

The method as in claim 45 in which the readout means utilized is an integrator-recorder.

Claim 54

Dependent Claim 30 words

The method of claim 30 in which the ionic species being analyzed are ions of amines including the additional initial step of preparing such ionic species from covalent organic compounds.

Claim 55

Independent Claim 250 words

The method of chromatographic quantitative analysis of a plurality of ionic species, each species being of a common valence sign, said sign being one of positive or negative and the ionic species being in solution, which comprises: conveying said solution of ionic species onto and through a first chromatographic column concurrently with a continuous stream of a solution of developing reagent, said developing reagent being an ionized material, said column being charged with an ion exchange resin in a form and adapted to substantially resolve said members of said species on elution from such first column with said developing reagent solution; by means of said stream of developing reagent solution, conveying said substantially resolved ionic species through liquid conduit means to a second chromatographic column, said second column being charged with an ion exchange resin adapted to prevent the developing reagent from said developing reagent solution from leaving said second column in highly ionized form and said resolved species being passed from said second column with the resolution thereof substantially undiminished; conveying the solution of said resolved species substantially free of highly ionized developing reagent by liquid conduit means to and through a conductivity cell; and quantitatively detecting fluctuating changes in conductivity of said solution of resolved species flowing through said conductivity cell; said second chromatographic column having at least sufficient ion exchange capacity to prevent the developing reagent needed to resolve and move the ionic species off the first column from leaving the second column in highly ionized form.

Claim 56

Independent Claim 250 words

The method of chromatographic quantitative analysis of a plurality of ionic species, each species being of a common valence sign, said sign being one of positive or negative and the ionic species being in solution, which comprises: conveying said solution of ionic species onto and through a first chromatographic column concurrently with a continuous stream of a solution of developing reagent, said developing reagent being an ionized material, said column being charged with an ion exchange resin in a form and adapted to substantially resolve said members of said species on elution from such first column with said developing reagent solution; by means of said stream of developing reagent solution, conveying said substantially resolved ionic species through liquid conduit means to a second chromatographic column, said second column being charged with an ion exchange resin adapted to prevent the developing reagent from said developing reagent solution from leaving said second column in highly ionized form and said resolved species being passed from said second column with the resolution thereof substantially undiminished; conveying the solution of said resolved species substantially free of highly ionized developing reagent by liquid conduit means to and through a conductivity cell; and quantitatively detecting fluctuating changes in conductivity of said solution of resolved species flowing through said conductivity cell; said second chromatographic column having at least sufficient ion exchange capacity to prevent the developing reagent needed to resolve and move the ionic species off the first column from leaving the second column in highly ionized form.

Claim 57

Dependent Claim 15 words

The method as in claim 48 wherein the detected fluctuation changes are quantified and recorded.

Claim 58

Dependent Claim 12 words

The method as in claim 48 wherein the ionic species are cations.

Claim 59

Dependent Claim 12 words

The method as in claim 48 wherein the ionic species are anions.

Claim 60

Dependent Claim 35 words

The method as in claim 48 wherein the ion exchange capacity of the ion exchange resin in the second chromatographic column is at least 200 times the ion exchange capacity of the first chromatographic column.

Claim 61

Dependent Claim 24 words

The method as in claim 48 wherein the second chromatographic column strips developing reagent from the solution thereof by absorption at ion exchange sites.

Claim 62

Dependent Claim 20 words

The method as in claim 48 wherein the second chromatographic column converts ionic developing reagent into weakly ionized molecular form.

Claim 63

Dependent Claim 41 words

The method as in claim 48 wherein the resin in the first chromatographic column is a high performance, substantially non-porous ion exchange resin with a specific exchange capacity in the range of about 0.005 to 0.1 milliequivalents per gram of resin.

Claim 64

Dependent Claim 33 words

The method as in claim 48 wherein the ionic species being separated and quantified are cations and the ion exchange resin in the first chromatographic column is a surface sulfonated styrene-divinyl benzene resin.

Claim 65

Dependent Claim 58 words

The method as in claim 48 wherein the ionic species being separated and quantified are anions and the ion exchange resin in the first chromatographic column is a furface sulfonated styrene-divinyl benzene resin having deposited on the surface thereof fine particles of a strong base anion exchanger resin, the particles being finer than about 2 microns longest dimension.

Claim 66

Dependent Claim 19 words

The method as in claim 48 wherein the developing reagent solution and ion species solution are each aqueous solutions.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1978-11-17	1979-05-19	1979-11-18	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1982-11-17	1983-05-19	1983-11-18	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	1986-11-17	1987-05-19	1987-11-18	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Apparatus and method for quantitative analysis of ionic species by liquid column chromatography

Abstract

Inventors

Bibliographic Details

Claims Analysis

References Cited (Backward Citations)

USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

Assigned Categories & Tags

Assign Category Tag