US3900554A — Method for the reduction of the concentration of …

Claim 1

Independent Claim 197 words

A PROCESS FOR SELECTIVELY REDUCING NO IN A COMBINATION EFFLUENT, SAID PROCESS COMPRISING THE STEP OF CONTACTING AN EFFLUENT STRAM CONTAINING NO IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN WITH A COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF AMMONIA, AMMONIUM FORMATE, AMMONIUM OXALATE, AMMONIUM CARBONATE, AND THEIR AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS, SAID COMPOUND BEING PRESENT IN AN AMOUNT SUFFICIENT TO PROVIDE AN EQUIVALENT MOLE RATIO OF AMMONIA RANGING FROM 0.4 TO 10 MOLES PER MOLE OF NO, BUT NOT MORE THAN ABOUT 0.9 BOLUME PERCENT BASED ON THE TOTAL VOLUME OF SAID EFFLUENT STREAM,AND IN THE PRESENCE OF A REDUCING MATERIAL IN SUCH A MANNER THAT THE TRUE TEMPERATURE WHERE SAID COMPOUND AND SAID REDUCING MATERIAL REACT WITH THE NO CONTAINING COMBUSTION EFFLUENT RANGES FROM 1300* TO 2000*F., WHEREBY THE NO IS SELECTIVELY REDUCED, SAID REDUCING MATERIAL BEING ONE ELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF PARAFFINIC, OLEFINIC AND AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, OXYGENATED HYDROBONS, SULFONATED HYDROCARBONS, CARBON MOMOXIDE AND HYDROGEN, BUT NOT IN AN AMOUNT MORE THAN ABOUT 2 VOLUME PERCENT BASED ON THE TOTAL VOLUME OF SAID COMBUSTION EFFLUENT AND THE AMOUNT OF OXYGEN IS AT LEAST ENOUGH TO HAVE SOME OXYGEN LEFT AFTER OXIDATION OF SAID COMPOUND AND SAID REDUCING MATERIAL.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 197 words

A PROCESS FOR SELECTIVELY REDUCING NO IN A COMBINATION EFFLUENT, SAID PROCESS COMPRISING THE STEP OF CONTACTING AN EFFLUENT STRAM CONTAINING NO IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN WITH A COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF AMMONIA, AMMONIUM FORMATE, AMMONIUM OXALATE, AMMONIUM CARBONATE, AND THEIR AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS, SAID COMPOUND BEING PRESENT IN AN AMOUNT SUFFICIENT TO PROVIDE AN EQUIVALENT MOLE RATIO OF AMMONIA RANGING FROM 0.4 TO 10 MOLES PER MOLE OF NO, BUT NOT MORE THAN ABOUT 0.9 BOLUME PERCENT BASED ON THE TOTAL VOLUME OF SAID EFFLUENT STREAM,AND IN THE PRESENCE OF A REDUCING MATERIAL IN SUCH A MANNER THAT THE TRUE TEMPERATURE WHERE SAID COMPOUND AND SAID REDUCING MATERIAL REACT WITH THE NO CONTAINING COMBUSTION EFFLUENT RANGES FROM 1300* TO 2000*F., WHEREBY THE NO IS SELECTIVELY REDUCED, SAID REDUCING MATERIAL BEING ONE ELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF PARAFFINIC, OLEFINIC AND AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, OXYGENATED HYDROBONS, SULFONATED HYDROCARBONS, CARBON MOMOXIDE AND HYDROGEN, BUT NOT IN AN AMOUNT MORE THAN ABOUT 2 VOLUME PERCENT BASED ON THE TOTAL VOLUME OF SAID COMBUSTION EFFLUENT AND THE AMOUNT OF OXYGEN IS AT LEAST ENOUGH TO HAVE SOME OXYGEN LEFT AFTER OXIDATION OF SAID COMPOUND AND SAID REDUCING MATERIAL.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 25 words

A process according to claim 1 wherein the amount of ammonia ranges from 0.5 to 3 moles per mole of NO in the combustion effluent.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 25 words

A process according to claim 1 wherein the amount of ammonia ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 moles per mole of NO in the combustion effluent.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 22 words

A process according to claim 1 wherein the amount of ammonia is stoichiometric with the amount of NO in the combustion effluent.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 166 words

A process according to claim 1 for selectively reducing NO in combustion effluents, said process comprising the step of contacting an effluent stream containing NO in the presence of an amount of oxygen ranging from 0.1 to 20 volume % based on the total volume of said effluent stream with an amount of ammonia ranging from 0.4 to 10 moles of ammonia per mole of NO in said effluent stream, but not to exceed about 0.9 volume percent based on total volume of said effluent stream and in the presence of either formic or oxalic acid, wherein said acid is present in an amount not to exceed about 2 volume percent based on the total volume of said combustion effluent, said contacting being done in such a manner that the true temperature at the point where the ammonia and either the formic or oxalic acid reacted with the NO containing combustion effluents is in the range of 1300* to 2000*F., whereby the NO is selectively reduced.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 35 words

A process according to claim 1 further including the step of storing the ammonia in formic acid or oxalic acid as with ammonium formate, ammonium oxalate or water solutions thereof prior to the contacting step.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 155 words

A process according to claim 1 for selectively reducing NO from combustion effluents, said process comprising the step of contacting an effluent stream containing NO in the presence of an amount of oxygen ranging from 0.1 to 20 volume % based on the total volume of the combustion effluent with a sufficient amount of ammonia ranging from 0.5 to 3 moles per mole of NO present in the said effluent stream, but not to exceed about 0.9 volume percent based on the total volume of said effluent stream and in the presence of hydrogen, said hydrogen being present in an amount not to exceed about 2 volume percent based on the total volume of said effluent stream, said contacting being done in such a manner that the true temperature at the point where the ammonia and hydrogen react with the NO containing combustion effluents ranges from 1300* to 2000*F., whereby the NO is selectively reduced.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 23 words

A process according to claim 7 wherein the hydrogen to ammonia ratio is less than 10 moles of hydrogen per mole of ammonia.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 23 words

A process according to claim 7 wherein the hydrogen to ammonia raTio is less than 3 moles of hydrogen per mole of ammonia.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 62 words

A process according to claim 7 wherein the amount of oxygen ranges from 0.1 to 20 volume percent based on the total volume of the combustion effluent, wherein the residence time of the contacting step is maintained at a range from 1 millisecond to 10 seconds, and further including the step of mixing thoroughly the ammonia and hydrogen with the combustion effluent.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 28 words

A process according to claim 10 further including the step of mixing hydrogen thoroughly with the combustion effluents at one or more stages downstream from the ammonia injection.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 26 words

A process according to claim 7 further including the step of storing the ammonia and hydrogen in any form which on heating yields ammonia and hydrogen.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 32 words

A process according to claim 7 further including the step of storing the ammonia and hydrogen prior to use in any form which on heating and subsequent decomposition yields ammonia and hydrogen.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 30 words

A process according to claim 13 wherein the ammonia and hydrogen are stored in a form selected from the group consisting of ammonium oxalate, ammonium formate, and aqueous solutions thereof.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 16 words

A process according to claim 7 wherein the hydrogen is produced by catalytic decomposition of ammonia.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 20 words

A process according to claim 15 wherein the catalytic decomposition of the ammonia occurs in situ in an injection device.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 30 words

A process according to claim 1 further including the step of mixing said third component thoroughly with the combustion effluents at one or more stages downstream from the ammonia injection.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 52 words

A process according to claim 1 wherein the ammonia and said third component are mixed with the NO containing combustion effluents at a true instantaneous gas phase temperature less than 1300*F and including the further step of subsequently heating the combustion effluents to a true instantaneous gas phase temperature greater than 1300*F.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 159 words

A process for selectively reducing NO in a combustion effluent, said NO being in the range of 5 ppm to 10,000 ppm, said process comprising the step of contacting an effluent steam containing NO, in the presence of oxygen, with a compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, ammonium formate, ammonium oxalate, ammonium carbonate and aqueous solutions thereof, wherein the amount of oxygen is at least enough to have some oxygen left after complete oxidation of said compound, said compound being present in an amount sufficient to provide an equivalent mole ratio of ammonia ranging from 0.4 to 10 moles per mole of NO, but not more than about 0.9 volume percent based on the total volume of said effluent stream; in such a manner that the true temperature where the ammonia reacts with the NO containing combustion effluent ranges from 1600* to 2000*F. to thereby selectively reduce at least part of the NO in said combustion effluent.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 159 words

A process for selectively reducing NO in a combustion effluent, said NO being in the range of 5 ppm to 10,000 ppm, said process comprising the step of contacting an effluent steam containing NO, in the presence of oxygen, with a compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, ammonium formate, ammonium oxalate, ammonium carbonate and aqueous solutions thereof, wherein the amount of oxygen is at least enough to have some oxygen left after complete oxidation of said compound, said compound being present in an amount sufficient to provide an equivalent mole ratio of ammonia ranging from 0.4 to 10 moles per mole of NO, but not more than about 0.9 volume percent based on the total volume of said effluent stream; in such a manner that the true temperature where the ammonia reacts with the NO containing combustion effluent ranges from 1600* to 2000*F. to thereby selectively reduce at least part of the NO in said combustion effluent.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 14 words

A process according to claim 19 wherein the temperature ranges from 1700* to 1900*F.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 29 words

A process according to claim 19 wherein the amount of oxygen ranges from 0.1 volume percent to 20 volume percent based on the total volume of the combustion effluent.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 25 words

A process according to claim 19 wherein a residence time of the contacting step is maintained at a range from 1 millisecond to 10 seconds.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 19 words

A process according to claim 19 further including the step of thoroughly mixing the ammonia with the combustion effluent.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 27 words

A process according to claim 19 wherein the amount of ammonia ranges from 0.5 to 10 moles of ammonia per mole of NO in the combustion effluent.

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 27 words

A process according to claim 19 wherein the amount of ammonia ranges from 0.5 to 3 moles of ammonia per mole of NO in the combustion effluent.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 27 words

A process according to claim 19 wherein the amount of ammonia ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 MOLES of ammonia per mole of NO in the combustion effluent.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 22 words

A process according to claim 19 wherein the amount of ammonia is stoichiometric with the amount of NO in the combustion effluent.

Claim 30

Dependent Claim 60 words

A process according to claim 24 wherein the amount of oxygen ranges from 0.1 to 20 volume percent based on the total volume of the combustion effluent, wherein the residence time of the contacting step is maintained at a range from 1 millisecond to 10 seconds, and further including the step of thoroughly mixing the ammonia with the combustion effluent.

Claim 31

Dependent Claim 26 words

A process according to claim 28 further including the step of storing the ammonia prior to use in a carrier which on vaporization frees the ammonia.

Claim 32

Dependent Claim 11 words

A process according to claim 28 wherein the carrier is water.

Claim 33

Dependent Claim 35 words

A process according to claim 19 wherein the ammonia is contacted with the combustion effluents at a true temperature less than 1600*F, and further including the step of subsequently heating said combustion effluents above 1600*F.

Claim 34

Dependent Claim 47 words

A process according to claim 19 wherein the ammonia is mixed with the NO containing combustion effluents at a true instantaneous gas phase temperature less than 1600*F and including the step of subsequently heating the combustion effluents to a true instantaneous gas phase temperature greater than 1600*F.

Claim 35

Dependent Claim 14 words

A process according to claim 1, wherein the temperature ranges from 1700* to 1900*F.

Claim 36

Dependent Claim 14 words

A process according to claim 1, wherein the temperature ranges from 1300* to 1600*F.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1978-08-18	1979-02-17	1979-08-19	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1982-08-18	1983-02-17	1983-08-19	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	1986-08-18	1987-02-17	1987-08-19	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Method for the reduction of the concentration of no in combustion effluents using ammonia

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