US3899389A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Cellulosic materials internally sized with copolymers of alpha beta-ethylenically unsaturated hydrophobic monomers and ammoniated carboxylic acid comonomers
Assignee: Dow Chemical Co
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Filing: 1974-02-01
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Granted: 1975-08-12
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Expires: 1994-02-01
Abstract
Abstract Cellulosic materials such as paper are internally sized by treating fibers of the cellulosic material, e.g., paper pulp, with a copolymer of an Alpha , Beta -ethylenically unsaturated hydrophobic monomer and an ammoniated Alpha , Beta ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and a reaction product of epihalohydrin and ammonia. Internal sizing of the cellulosic material by this method can be carried out under acidic, neutral or basic conditions.
Inventors
- 👤 Walter Lee Vaughn
- 👤 Robert James Beam
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 22:50
CPC Classifications
D; D21; D21H; D21H17/00; D21H17/20; D21H17/33; D21H17/34; D21H17/41; D21H17/42; D21H17/43; C; C08; C08G; C08G65/00; C08G65/02; C08G65/26; C08G65/2618; C08G65/2621; C08G65/2624; C09; C09J; C09J171/00; C09J171/02; D21H17/62; D21H17/63; D21H17/66
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 24
Claim 1
Independent Claim
88 words
IN A METHOD FOR INTERNAL SIZING OF A CELLULOSIC MATERIAL WHEREIN AN INTERNAL SIZING AGENT AND A RETENTION AID ARE APPLIED TO THE FIBERS OF THE CELLULOSIC MATERIAL, THE IMPROVEMENT WHEREIN THE INTERNAL SIZING AGENT IS A WATER-DISPERSIBLE, WATERAND ALKALI-INSOLUBLE COPLYMER OF AN A,B-ETHLENICALLY UNSATURATED HYDROPHOBIC MONOMER AND AN AMMONIATED A,BETHYLENICALLY UNSATURED CARBOXYLIC ACID AND THE RETENSION AID IS A WATER DISPERSIBLE REACTION PRODUCT OF EPHALOHYDRIN AND AMMONIA, OR AN ALIPHATIC POLYMINE HAVING AT LEAST TWO AMINE HYDROGENS PER MOLECULE OR A MIXTURE OF AMMONIA AND ALIPHATIC POLYAMINE.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
88 words
IN A METHOD FOR INTERNAL SIZING OF A CELLULOSIC MATERIAL WHEREIN AN INTERNAL SIZING AGENT AND A RETENTION AID ARE APPLIED TO THE FIBERS OF THE CELLULOSIC MATERIAL, THE IMPROVEMENT WHEREIN THE INTERNAL SIZING AGENT IS A WATER-DISPERSIBLE, WATERAND ALKALI-INSOLUBLE COPLYMER OF AN A,B-ETHLENICALLY UNSATURATED HYDROPHOBIC MONOMER AND AN AMMONIATED A,BETHYLENICALLY UNSATURED CARBOXYLIC ACID AND THE RETENSION AID IS A WATER DISPERSIBLE REACTION PRODUCT OF EPHALOHYDRIN AND AMMONIA, OR AN ALIPHATIC POLYMINE HAVING AT LEAST TWO AMINE HYDROGENS PER MOLECULE OR A MIXTURE OF AMMONIA AND ALIPHATIC POLYAMINE.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
31 words
The improvement of claim 1 wherein the reaction product has at least one molecular weight peak as determined by gel permeation chromatography in the range from about 2,000 to about 70,000.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
36 words
The improvement according to claim 1 wherein the reaction product is water soluble and the mole ratio of epihalohydrin to amine is from about 0.9 to about 2.1 mole of epihalohydrin to 1 mole of amine.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
12 words
The improvement according to claim 1 wherein the cellulosic material is pulp.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
18 words
The improvement according to claim 1 wherein the hydrophobic monomer is an Alpha , Beta -ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
20 words
The improvement according to claim 5 wherein the hydrocarbon is an aliphatic Alpha -monoolefin having 2 to 14 carbon atoms.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
13 words
The improvement according to claim 6 wherein the aliphatic Alpha -monoolefin is ethylene.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
13 words
The improvement according to claim 7 wherein the carboxylic acid is acrylic acid.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
13 words
The improvement according to claim 7 wherein the carboxylic acid is methacrylic acid.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
17 words
The improvement according to claim 7 wherein the copolymer is film-forming under the conditions of internal sizing.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
43 words
The improvement of claim 10 wherein the copolymer has a number average molecular weight peak in the range from about 1, 000 to about 10,000 and contains from about 10 to about 20 weight percent of Alpha , Beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
21 words
The improvement according to claim 1 wherein the cellulosic material is internally sized under conditions of pH of at least 7.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
94 words
An internal sizing composition for a cellulosic material comprising a sizing amount of a water-dispersible, water- and alkali-insoluble copolymer of an Alpha , Beta -ethylenically unsaturated hydrophobic monomer and an ammoniated Alpha , Beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, said copolymer containing from about 6 to about 40 weight percent of the ammoniated carboxylic acid and a water dispersible reaction product of epihalohydrin and ammonia, or aliphatic polyamine having at least two amine hydrogens per molecule or mixture of ammonia and the polyamine in an amount effective to retain the copolymer on the cellulosic material.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
94 words
An internal sizing composition for a cellulosic material comprising a sizing amount of a water-dispersible, water- and alkali-insoluble copolymer of an Alpha , Beta -ethylenically unsaturated hydrophobic monomer and an ammoniated Alpha , Beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, said copolymer containing from about 6 to about 40 weight percent of the ammoniated carboxylic acid and a water dispersible reaction product of epihalohydrin and ammonia, or aliphatic polyamine having at least two amine hydrogens per molecule or mixture of ammonia and the polyamine in an amount effective to retain the copolymer on the cellulosic material.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
32 words
The composition according to claim 13 wherein the reaction product has at least one molecular weight peak as determined by gel permeation chromatography in the range from about 2,000 to about 70,000.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
35 words
The composition of claim 14 wherein the reaction product is water soluble and the mole ratio of epihalohydrin to amine is from about 0.9 to about 2.1 mole of epihalohydrin to 1 mole of amine.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
19 words
The composition according to claim 13 wherein the hydrophobic monomer is ethylene and the carboxylic acid is acrylic acid.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
14 words
The composition of claim 13 wherein the hydrophobic monomer of the copolymer is ethylene.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
52 words
A cellulosic material internally sized with water-dispersible, water- and alkali-insoluble copolymer of an Alpha , Beta -ethylenically unsaturated hydrophobic monomer and an ammoniated Alpha , Beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, and a water-dispersible reaction product of epihalohydrin and ammonia, aliphatic polyamine having at least two amine hydrogens per molecule or mixture thereof.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
52 words
A cellulosic material internally sized with water-dispersible, water- and alkali-insoluble copolymer of an Alpha , Beta -ethylenically unsaturated hydrophobic monomer and an ammoniated Alpha , Beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, and a water-dispersible reaction product of epihalohydrin and ammonia, aliphatic polyamine having at least two amine hydrogens per molecule or mixture thereof.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
22 words
The cellulosic material of claim 18 wherein the copolymer contains from about 10 to about 20 weight percent of the carboxylic acid.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
12 words
The cellulosic material of claim 18 wherein the cellulosic material is paper.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
35 words
The cellulosic material of claim 18 wherein the reaction product is water-soluble and the mole ratio of epihalohydrin to amine is from about 0.9 to about 2.1 mole of epihalohydrin to one mole of amine.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-08-11 | 1979-02-10 | 1979-08-12 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-08-11 | 1983-02-10 | 1983-08-12 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-08-11 | 1987-02-10 | 1987-08-12 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |