Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 11
Claim 1
Independent Claim
216 words
A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NORMALLY GASEOUS OLEFINS FROM AN ATMOSPHERIC PETROLEUM RESIDUE FEEDSTOCK WHICH PROCESS COMPRISES THE STEPS OF: A. CONTACTING THE PETROLEUM RESIDUE FEEDSTOCK IN A HYDROGENATION ZONE WITH A HYDROGENATION CATALYST SELECTED FROM NICKEL/MOLYBDENUM/ALUMINA, COBALT/TUNGSTEN/ALUMINA, NICLEL/TUNGSTEN/ALUMINA, COBALT/MOLYBEDENUM/ALUMINA, NICKLE/COBALT/MOLYBDENUM/ALUMINA, COBALT/MOLYBDENUM/SILICA/ALUMINA, NICLEL/MOLYBDENUM/SILICA/ALUMINA, NICKEL/TUNGSTEN/SILICA/ALUMINA AND HYDROGEN AT A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE 50* TO 500*C, A PRESSURE IN THE RANGE 50 TO 5,000 PSIG, A LIQUID HOURLY SPACE VELOCITY IN THE RANGE 0.1 TO 5.0, AND A HYDROGEN FEED RATE OF 5 TO 10 TIMES THE MOLAR FEED RATE OF THE ATMOSPHERIC PETROLEUM RESIDUE FEEDSTOCK, TO EFFECT HYDROGENATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, B. SEPARATING FROM THE RESULTING HYDROGENATED ATMOSPHERIC PETROLEUM RESIDUE FEEDSTOCK A GASEOUS PHASE CONTAINING HYDROGEN AND A LIQUID PHASE CONTAINING HYDROCARBONS, C. RECYCLING AT LEAST A PORTION OF SAID GASEOUS PHASE CONTAINING HYDROGEN TO SAID HYDROGENATION ZONE, D. SPARATING SAID LIQUID PHASE CONTAINING HYDROCARBONS INTO A DISTILLATE FRACTION HAVING A BOILING RANGE BELOW 650*C AND A RESIDUE FRACTION HAVING A BOILING RANGE ABOVE THAT OF THE DISTILLATE FRACTION, E. SUBJECTING SAID DISTILLATE FRACTION IN THE PRESENCE OF STEAM TO THERMAL CRACKING IN A PYROLYSIS ZONE UNDER CONDITIONS EFFECTING CONVERSION OF AT LEAST A PORTION OF SAID LIQUID PHASE TO NORMALLY GASEOUS OLEFILNS AND F. RECOVERING THE NORMALLY GASEOUS OLEFINS FROM THE PYROLYSIS ZONE EFFUENT.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
216 words
A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NORMALLY GASEOUS OLEFINS FROM AN ATMOSPHERIC PETROLEUM RESIDUE FEEDSTOCK WHICH PROCESS COMPRISES THE STEPS OF: A. CONTACTING THE PETROLEUM RESIDUE FEEDSTOCK IN A HYDROGENATION ZONE WITH A HYDROGENATION CATALYST SELECTED FROM NICKEL/MOLYBDENUM/ALUMINA, COBALT/TUNGSTEN/ALUMINA, NICLEL/TUNGSTEN/ALUMINA, COBALT/MOLYBEDENUM/ALUMINA, NICKLE/COBALT/MOLYBDENUM/ALUMINA, COBALT/MOLYBDENUM/SILICA/ALUMINA, NICLEL/MOLYBDENUM/SILICA/ALUMINA, NICKEL/TUNGSTEN/SILICA/ALUMINA AND HYDROGEN AT A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE 50* TO 500*C, A PRESSURE IN THE RANGE 50 TO 5,000 PSIG, A LIQUID HOURLY SPACE VELOCITY IN THE RANGE 0.1 TO 5.0, AND A HYDROGEN FEED RATE OF 5 TO 10 TIMES THE MOLAR FEED RATE OF THE ATMOSPHERIC PETROLEUM RESIDUE FEEDSTOCK, TO EFFECT HYDROGENATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, B. SEPARATING FROM THE RESULTING HYDROGENATED ATMOSPHERIC PETROLEUM RESIDUE FEEDSTOCK A GASEOUS PHASE CONTAINING HYDROGEN AND A LIQUID PHASE CONTAINING HYDROCARBONS, C. RECYCLING AT LEAST A PORTION OF SAID GASEOUS PHASE CONTAINING HYDROGEN TO SAID HYDROGENATION ZONE, D. SPARATING SAID LIQUID PHASE CONTAINING HYDROCARBONS INTO A DISTILLATE FRACTION HAVING A BOILING RANGE BELOW 650*C AND A RESIDUE FRACTION HAVING A BOILING RANGE ABOVE THAT OF THE DISTILLATE FRACTION, E. SUBJECTING SAID DISTILLATE FRACTION IN THE PRESENCE OF STEAM TO THERMAL CRACKING IN A PYROLYSIS ZONE UNDER CONDITIONS EFFECTING CONVERSION OF AT LEAST A PORTION OF SAID LIQUID PHASE TO NORMALLY GASEOUS OLEFILNS AND F. RECOVERING THE NORMALLY GASEOUS OLEFINS FROM THE PYROLYSIS ZONE EFFUENT.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
70 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the whole of said liquid phase containing hydrocarbons is, after separation of a gaseous phase containing hydrogen, fed in the presence of steam directly to the pyrolysis zone wherein unvapourised feedstock is removed as a residue fraction in a separation zone prior to entry of the vapourised distillate fraction into that region of the pyrolysis zone maintained under conditions which effect thermal cracking.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the separation of said liquid phase containing hydrocarbons into a distillate fraction having a boiling range below 650*C and a residue fraction having a boiling range above that of the distillate fraction is effected by vacuum distillation.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
12 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein said hydrogenation catalyst is nickel/tungsten/silica/alumina.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
12 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein said hydrogenation catalyst is cobalt/molybdenum/alumina.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
43 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein said hydrogenation catalyst is activated before use in the hydrogenation reaction by contact with a stream of hydrogen at a temperature in the range 100* to 800*C for a period of 1 minute to 24 hours.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
40 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the temperature is in the range 300* to 600*C, the pressure is in the range 200 to 3, 000 psig and the Liquid Hourly Space Velocity is in the range 0.1 to 0.5.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
46 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the major portion of the gaseous phase containing hydrogen is separated from the liquid phase containing hydrocarbons in a high pressure separator and recycled either directly or, after scrubbing to remove hydrogen sulphide and ammonia, to the hydrogenation zone.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
26 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the hydrogenation zone is a single zone or a series of zones employing the same or different hydrogenation catalyst.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
57 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein thermal cracking of the distillate fraction in the presence of steam is effected at a steam to hydrocarbon weight ratio of 0.5:1 to 2.0:1 in a heated zone at a maximum temperature in the range 700* to 1,000*C with a residence time in this range between 0.01 and 5 seconds.