US3890240A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Toner compositions and methods for their preparation
Assignee: Pitney Bowes Inc
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Filing: 1970-05-15
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Granted: 1975-06-17
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Expires: 1990-05-15
Abstract
Abstract A toner composition for use in electrophotography is provided which contains finely divided pigment, which may advantageously be carbon black in the form of agglomerates or flocculates together with a colorant, preferably a basic triarylmethane dye such as Victoria Blue B Base but which may be an alizarin watersoluble dye, suspended in a volatile isoparaffinic hydrocarbon vehicle having both an acrylic terpolymer resin and at least one polyvalent metal soap dissolved therein and having an electrical resistivity between about 1 X 109 and 1 X 1012 ohm-cm., part or all of the agglomerates or flocculates advantageously being of a size that will produce high image density but preferably a part thereof being of a smaller size producing good fill-in. Blue toners, preferably containing Alkali Blue RS pigment, and red toners which contain Cadmium Red pigment are provided. Black toners capable of making intense black prints may be obtained by admixing a minor proportion of the blue toner with a major proportion of the black toner. The toners are produced by milling the pigment and dye with a concentrated solution of the terpolymer with or without the metal soap in the hydrocarbon solvent, diluting the resulting mill base with sufficient additional metal soap-containing hydrocarbon to form a toner concentrate, subjecting this to high frequency agitation if improved fill-in is desired, and finally diluting it to working strength by admixture with more of the hydrocarbon.
Inventors
- 👤 David L Hochberg
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 04:16
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/12; G03G9/13; G03G9/131; G03G9/122; G03G9/135; G03G9/1355
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 8
Claim 1
Independent Claim
222 words
A LIQUID TONER COMPOSITION FOR USE IN ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY COMPRISING A DISPERSION OF ABOUT 15 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF FINELY DIVIDED PIGMENT IN A VEHICLE CONTAINING ABOUT 30 TO 200 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF S HYDROCARBON-SOLUBLE ACRYLIC COPOLYMER RESIN AND ABOUT 0.01 TO 3 PARTS OF A HYDROCARBON-SOLUBLE POLYVALENT METAL SOAP BOTH DISSOLVED IN A VOLATILE ISOPARAFFINIC HYDROCARBON THE ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY OF WHICH IS PREADJUSTED TO A VALUE SUCH THAT THE RESISTIVITY OF VEHICLE IS BETWEEN ABOUT 1 X 109 AND 1 X 10**12 OHM-CM. WHEN MEASURED AT 25*C. SAID ACRYLIC COPOLYMER RESIN BEING A TERPOLYMER OF VINYLTOULENE, A BRANCHED-CHAIN BUTYL METHACRYLATE AND LAURYL OR STEARYL METHACRYLATE SAID PIGMENT CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF FINELY DIVIDED CARBON BLACK PARTICLES WHOSE DIAMETERS ARE NOT GREATER THAN 25 MILLIMICRONS ASSOCIATED WITH A HYDROCARBON-INSOLUBLE DYE OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF BASIC TRIARYLMETHANE DYES AND ALIZARIN DYES, AT LEAST SOME OF SAID CARBON BLACK BEING PRESENT IN THE FORM OF AGGLOMERATES BEING OF A SIZE THAT WILL PRODUCE HIGH D SAID AGGLOMERATES BEING OF A SIZE THAT WILL PRODUCE HIGH DENSITY UPON DEVELOPEMENT OF AN ELECTROSTATIC IMAGE WITH SAID COMPOSITION, AND SAID POLYVALENT METAL SOAP BEING A MEMBER OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF THE ZINC IRON, COPPER, LEAD CALCIUM ZIRCONIUM AND SOLUTION-AGED RARE EARTH METAL AND MANGANESE SOAPS OF FATTY ACIDS OF ABOUT 6-18 CARBON ATOMS AND MIXTURES THEREOF.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
222 words
A LIQUID TONER COMPOSITION FOR USE IN ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY COMPRISING A DISPERSION OF ABOUT 15 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF FINELY DIVIDED PIGMENT IN A VEHICLE CONTAINING ABOUT 30 TO 200 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF S HYDROCARBON-SOLUBLE ACRYLIC COPOLYMER RESIN AND ABOUT 0.01 TO 3 PARTS OF A HYDROCARBON-SOLUBLE POLYVALENT METAL SOAP BOTH DISSOLVED IN A VOLATILE ISOPARAFFINIC HYDROCARBON THE ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY OF WHICH IS PREADJUSTED TO A VALUE SUCH THAT THE RESISTIVITY OF VEHICLE IS BETWEEN ABOUT 1 X 109 AND 1 X 10**12 OHM-CM. WHEN MEASURED AT 25*C. SAID ACRYLIC COPOLYMER RESIN BEING A TERPOLYMER OF VINYLTOULENE, A BRANCHED-CHAIN BUTYL METHACRYLATE AND LAURYL OR STEARYL METHACRYLATE SAID PIGMENT CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF FINELY DIVIDED CARBON BLACK PARTICLES WHOSE DIAMETERS ARE NOT GREATER THAN 25 MILLIMICRONS ASSOCIATED WITH A HYDROCARBON-INSOLUBLE DYE OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF BASIC TRIARYLMETHANE DYES AND ALIZARIN DYES, AT LEAST SOME OF SAID CARBON BLACK BEING PRESENT IN THE FORM OF AGGLOMERATES BEING OF A SIZE THAT WILL PRODUCE HIGH D SAID AGGLOMERATES BEING OF A SIZE THAT WILL PRODUCE HIGH DENSITY UPON DEVELOPEMENT OF AN ELECTROSTATIC IMAGE WITH SAID COMPOSITION, AND SAID POLYVALENT METAL SOAP BEING A MEMBER OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF THE ZINC IRON, COPPER, LEAD CALCIUM ZIRCONIUM AND SOLUTION-AGED RARE EARTH METAL AND MANGANESE SOAPS OF FATTY ACIDS OF ABOUT 6-18 CARBON ATOMS AND MIXTURES THEREOF.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
70 words
A liquid toner composition according to claim 1 wherein a part of the carbon black is present in the form of agglomerates of a size as defined in that claim and the remainder of the carbon black is present in a form of particle association having a size smaller than said agglomerates and of a size that will produce good fill-in upon development of an electrostatic image with said composition.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
111 words
A liquid toner composition according to claim 1 which comprises a suspension of about 15 parts by weight of a finely divided carbon black-Victoria Blue B Base (Color Index 44045) pigment mixture in a vehicle containing about 30 to 200 parts by weight of a hydrocarbon-soluble acrylic copolymer resin and a suspending quantity of a hydrocarbon-soluble polyvalent metal soap both dissolved in a volatile isoparaffinic hydrocarbon preadjusted to an electrical resistivity such that the resistivity of the vehicle is between about 1 X 1010 and 5 X 1011 ohm-cm. when measured at 25*C., at least a part of said pigment mixture being in the form of agglomerates of increased hiding power.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
39 words
A liquid toner composition according to claim 3 wherein the pigment contains a major proportion of finely divided long flow carbon black together with minor quantities of Alkali Blue RS and Victoria Blue B Base (Color Index 44045) pigments.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
129 words
A liquid toner composition according to claim 1 which comprises a suspension of about 15 parts by weight of a carbon black-Victoria Blue B Base (Color Index 44045) pigment mixture in a vehicle containing about 30 to 200 parts by weight of a hydrocarbon-soluble acrylic copolymer resin and a suspending quantity of a hydrocarbon-soluble polyvalent metal soap both dissolved in a volatile isoparaffinic hydrocarbon preadjusted by the addition of a member of the group consisting of hydrocarbon-soluble zirconium, calcium and cobalt soaps and mixtures thereof to an electrical resistivity such that the resistivity of the vehicle is between about 1 X 1010 and 5 X 1011 ohm-cm. when measured at 25*C., at least a part of said pigment mixture being in the form of agglomerates of increased hiding power.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
149 words
A method of preparing a toner for use in electrophotography and capable of converting a latent electrostatic image into a print having both high image density and good fill-in which comprises a. Dispersing about 15 parts by weight of a mixture of finely divided carbon black pigment comprising particles having diameters not greater than 25 millimicrons and basic triarylmethane dye in a volatile isoparaffinic hydrocarbon having dissolved therein a dispersing amount of a hydrocarbon-soluble acrylic copolymer resin and also about 0.01 to 3 parts of a polyvalent metal soap and thereby forming a dispersion of carbon black agglomerates, said acrylic copolymer resin being a terpolymer of vinyltoluene, a branched-chain butyl methacrylate and lauryl or stearyl methacrylate, b. and then breaking down a part but not all of said carbon black agglomerates into particles having a size smaller than said agglomerates by subjecting the dispersion thereof to high frequency vibration.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
149 words
A method of preparing a toner for use in electrophotography and capable of converting a latent electrostatic image into a print having both high image density and good fill-in which comprises a. Dispersing about 15 parts by weight of a mixture of finely divided carbon black pigment comprising particles having diameters not greater than 25 millimicrons and basic triarylmethane dye in a volatile isoparaffinic hydrocarbon having dissolved therein a dispersing amount of a hydrocarbon-soluble acrylic copolymer resin and also about 0.01 to 3 parts of a polyvalent metal soap and thereby forming a dispersion of carbon black agglomerates, said acrylic copolymer resin being a terpolymer of vinyltoluene, a branched-chain butyl methacrylate and lauryl or stearyl methacrylate, b. and then breaking down a part but not all of said carbon black agglomerates into particles having a size smaller than said agglomerates by subjecting the dispersion thereof to high frequency vibration.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-06-16 | 1978-12-16 | 1979-06-17 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-06-16 | 1982-12-16 | 1983-06-17 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-06-16 | 1986-12-16 | 1987-06-17 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |