US3887444A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Bright tin-nickel alloy plating electrolyte
Assignee: Sony Corp
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Filing: 1974-04-12
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Granted: 1975-06-03
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Expires: 1994-04-12
Abstract
Abstract A bright tin-nickel alloy plating electrolyte consists essentially of an aqueous main plating liquid containing a stannous salt, a nickel salt and an alkali-metal pyrophosphate, with a brightener additive in such main plating liquid which is a compound having a plurality of amino groups, for example, ethylenediamine, 1,2-propanediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, 1,4butanediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, hydrazine, guanidine, urea or thiourea, and with a further addition of ammonia or an ammonium salt. The electrolyte may further have added thereto a compound having at least one -SX group in this electrolyte (in which X represents hydrogen, sodium or potassium), a peptone and/or protein, or a neutral amino acid which is free of sulphur or a salt thereof.
Inventors
- 👤 Shimetomo Fueki
- 👤 Kazumasa Abe
- 👤 Kenji Osawa
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 23:39
CPC Classifications
C; C25; C25D; C25D3/00; C25D3/02; C25D3/56; C25D3/60
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 19
Claim 1
Independent Claim
238 words
A BRIGHT TIN-NICKEL ALLOY PLATING ELECTROYLTE HAVING A PH IN THE RANNGE FROM 8 TO 12 AND CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF AN AQUEOUS MAIN PLATING LIQUID CONTAINING: A. A STANNOUS SALT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF STANNOUS PYROPHOSPHATE, STANNOUS CHLORIDE AND STANNOUS SULFATE, AND WHICH IS PRESENT IN SAID MAIN PLATING LIQUID IN AN AMOUNT BETWEEN 2 AND 20 G/L. CALCULATED AS STANNOUS ION: B. A NICKEL SALT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF NICKEL PYROPHOSPHATE, NICKEL CHLORIDE AND NICKEL SULFATE,AND WHICH IS PRESENT IN SAID MAIN PLATING LIQUID IN AN AMOUNT BETWEEN 5 AND 30 G/L. CALCULATED AS NICKEL ION; C. AN ALKALI-METAL PYROPHOSPHATE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF POTASSIUM PYROPHOSPHATE AND SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE, AND WHICH IS PRESENT IN SAID MAIN PLATING LIQUID IN AN AMOUNT BETWEEN 150 AND 600 G/L; D. AT LEAST ON BRIGHTERNER ADDITIVE IN SAID PLATING LIQUID IN AN AMOUNT BETWEEN 0.1 AND 100 G/L. OF SAID MAIN PLATING LIQUID AND BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ETHYLENEDIAMINE, 1,2-PROPANEDIAMINE, 1,3PROPANEDIAMINE, 1,4-BUTANEDIAMINE, HYDRAZINE, QUANIDINE, AMINE, HEXXAMETHYLENEDIAMINE, HYDRAZINE, QUANDINE, UREA AND THIOUREA; AND E. A FURTHER ADDITIVE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF AMMONIA AND AMMONIUM SALTS, AND IN WHICH SAID FURTHER ADDITIVE IS PRESENT IN SAID MAIN PLATING LIQUID IN THE AMOUNT BETWEEN 5 AND 100 G/L. IN THE CASE OF AMMONIA CALCULATED AS A 28 PERCENT AQUEOUS AMMONIA SOLUTION, AND BETWEEN 1 AND 150 G/L. IN THE CASE OF AMMONIUM SALTS.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
238 words
A BRIGHT TIN-NICKEL ALLOY PLATING ELECTROYLTE HAVING A PH IN THE RANNGE FROM 8 TO 12 AND CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF AN AQUEOUS MAIN PLATING LIQUID CONTAINING: A. A STANNOUS SALT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF STANNOUS PYROPHOSPHATE, STANNOUS CHLORIDE AND STANNOUS SULFATE, AND WHICH IS PRESENT IN SAID MAIN PLATING LIQUID IN AN AMOUNT BETWEEN 2 AND 20 G/L. CALCULATED AS STANNOUS ION: B. A NICKEL SALT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF NICKEL PYROPHOSPHATE, NICKEL CHLORIDE AND NICKEL SULFATE,AND WHICH IS PRESENT IN SAID MAIN PLATING LIQUID IN AN AMOUNT BETWEEN 5 AND 30 G/L. CALCULATED AS NICKEL ION; C. AN ALKALI-METAL PYROPHOSPHATE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF POTASSIUM PYROPHOSPHATE AND SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE, AND WHICH IS PRESENT IN SAID MAIN PLATING LIQUID IN AN AMOUNT BETWEEN 150 AND 600 G/L; D. AT LEAST ON BRIGHTERNER ADDITIVE IN SAID PLATING LIQUID IN AN AMOUNT BETWEEN 0.1 AND 100 G/L. OF SAID MAIN PLATING LIQUID AND BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ETHYLENEDIAMINE, 1,2-PROPANEDIAMINE, 1,3PROPANEDIAMINE, 1,4-BUTANEDIAMINE, HYDRAZINE, QUANIDINE, AMINE, HEXXAMETHYLENEDIAMINE, HYDRAZINE, QUANDINE, UREA AND THIOUREA; AND E. A FURTHER ADDITIVE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF AMMONIA AND AMMONIUM SALTS, AND IN WHICH SAID FURTHER ADDITIVE IS PRESENT IN SAID MAIN PLATING LIQUID IN THE AMOUNT BETWEEN 5 AND 100 G/L. IN THE CASE OF AMMONIA CALCULATED AS A 28 PERCENT AQUEOUS AMMONIA SOLUTION, AND BETWEEN 1 AND 150 G/L. IN THE CASE OF AMMONIUM SALTS.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
238 words
A bright tin-nickel alloy plating electrolyte having a pH in the range from 8 to 12 and consisting essentially of an aqueous main plating liquid containing: a. a stannous salt selected from the group consisting of stannous pyrophosphate, stannous chloride and stannous sulfate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 2 and 20 g/l. calculated as stannous ion; b. a nickel salt selected from the group consisting of nickel pyrophosphate, nickel chloride and nickel sulfate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 5 and 30 g/l. calculated as nickel ion; c. an alkali-metal pyrophosphate selected from the group consisting of potassium pyrophosphate and sodium pyrophosphate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 150 and 600 g/l; d. at least one brightener additive in said plating liquid in an amount between 0.1 and 100 g/l. of said main plating liquid and being selected from the group consisting of ethylenediamine, 1, 2-propanediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, hydrazine, quanidine, urea and thiourea; and e. a further additive selected from the group consisting of ammonia and ammonium salts, and in which said further additive is present in said main plating liquid in the amount between 5 and 100 g/l. in the case of ammonia calculated as a 28 percent aqueous ammonia solution, and between 1 and 150 g/l. in the case of ammonium salts.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
238 words
A bright tin-nickel alloy plating electrolyte having a pH in the range from 8 to 12 and consisting essentially of an aqueous main plating liquid containing: a. a stannous salt selected from the group consisting of stannous pyrophosphate, stannous chloride and stannous sulfate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 2 and 20 g/l. calculated as stannous ion; b. a nickel salt selected from the group consisting of nickel pyrophosphate, nickel chloride and nickel sulfate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 5 and 30 g/l. calculated as nickel ion; c. an alkali-metal pyrophosphate selected from the group consisting of potassium pyrophosphate and sodium pyrophosphate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 150 and 600 g/l; d. at least one brightener additive in said plating liquid in an amount between 0.1 and 100 g/l. of said main plating liquid and being selected from the group consisting of ethylenediamine, 1, 2-propanediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, hydrazine, quanidine, urea and thiourea; and e. a further additive selected from the group consisting of ammonia and ammonium salts, and in which said further additive is present in said main plating liquid in the amount between 5 and 100 g/l. in the case of ammonia calculated as a 28 percent aqueous ammonia solution, and between 1 and 150 g/l. in the case of ammonium salts.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
53 words
A bright tin-nickel alloy plating electrolyte according to claim 1, in which said main plating liquid further contains a compound having at least one -SX group in said electrolyte, in which X represents hydrogen, sodium or potassium, and being present in said main plating liquid in an amount betWeen 0.01 and 5 g/l.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
43 words
A bright tin-nickel alloy plating electrolyte according to claim 2, in which said compound having at least one -SX group in said electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of dithioammelide, 4-amino-3,5-dimercapto-1,2,4-triazole, ethylene thiuram monosulfide, 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, thiocarbohydrazide, hydrazo-dithiodicarbonamide, and ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamic acid sodium salt.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
49 words
A bright tin-nickel alloy plating electrolyte according to claim 1, in which said main plating liquid further contains at least one substance selected from the group consisting of peptones and derived proteins and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 0.1 and 10 g/l.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
31 words
A bright tin-nickel alloy plating electrolyte according to claim 4, in which said at least one substance is a derived protein selected from the group consisting of glue, gelatine and gluten.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
54 words
A bright tin-nickel alloy plating electrolyte according to claim 1, in which said main plating liquid further contains a substance selected from the group consisting of neutral amino acids which are free of sulphur, and salts thereof, and said substance is present in said main plating liquid in an amount greater than 0.01 mol/l.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
37 words
A bright tin-nickel alloy plating electrolyte according to claim 6, in which said substance is selected from the group consisting of glycine, alanine, serine, aminobutyric acid, leucine, isoleucine, proline, hydroxyproline, phenyl-alanine, thyroxine and tryptophan, and salts thereof.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
35 words
A bright tin-nickel alloy plating electrolyte according to claim 1, in which said ammonium salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium citrate, ammonium tartrate and ammonium acetate.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
214 words
A bright tin-nickel alloy plating electrolyte having a pH in the range from 8 to 12 and consisting essentially of an aqueous main plating liquid containing: a. a stannous salt selected from the group consisting of stannous pyrophosphate, stannous chloride and stannous sulfate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 2 and 20 g/l. calculated as stannous ion; b. a nickel salt selected from the group consisting of nickel pyrophosphate, nickel chloride and nickel sulfate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 5 and 30 g/l. calculated as nickel ion; c. an alkali-metal pyrophosphate selected from the group consisting of potassium pyrophosphate and sodium pyrophosphate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 150 and 600 g/l.; d. at least one brightener additive in said plating liquid in an amount between 0.1 and 100 g/l. of said main plating liquid and being selected from the group consisting of ethylene-diamine, 1,2-propanediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, hydrazine, guanidine, urea and thiourea; and e. a compound having at least one -SX group in said electrolyte, in which X represents hydrogen, sodium or potassium, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 0.1 and 5 g/l.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
214 words
A bright tin-nickel alloy plating electrolyte having a pH in the range from 8 to 12 and consisting essentially of an aqueous main plating liquid containing: a. a stannous salt selected from the group consisting of stannous pyrophosphate, stannous chloride and stannous sulfate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 2 and 20 g/l. calculated as stannous ion; b. a nickel salt selected from the group consisting of nickel pyrophosphate, nickel chloride and nickel sulfate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 5 and 30 g/l. calculated as nickel ion; c. an alkali-metal pyrophosphate selected from the group consisting of potassium pyrophosphate and sodium pyrophosphate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 150 and 600 g/l.; d. at least one brightener additive in said plating liquid in an amount between 0.1 and 100 g/l. of said main plating liquid and being selected from the group consisting of ethylene-diamine, 1,2-propanediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, hydrazine, guanidine, urea and thiourea; and e. a compound having at least one -SX group in said electrolyte, in which X represents hydrogen, sodium or potassium, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 0.1 and 5 g/l.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
43 words
A bright tin-nickel alloy plating electrolyte according to claim 9, in which said compound having at least one -SX group in said electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of dithioammelide, 4-amino-3,5-dimercapto-1,2,4-triazole, ethylene thiuram monosulfide, 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, thiocarbohydrazide, hydrazodithiodicarbonamide, and ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamic acid sodium salt.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
209 words
A bright tin-nickel alloy plating electrolyte having a pH in the range from 8 to 12 and consisting essentially of an aqueous main plating liquid containing: a. a stannous salt selected from the group consiSting of stannous pyrophosphate, stannous chloride and stannous sulfate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 2 and 20 g/l. calculated as stannous ion; b. a nickel salt selected from the group consisting of nickel pyrophosphate, nickel chloride and nickel sulfate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 5 and 30 g/l. calculated as nickel ion; c. an alkali-metal pyrophosphate selected from the group consisting of potassium pyrophosphate and sodium pyrophosphate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 150 and 600 g/l.; d. at least one brightener additive in said plating liquid in an amount betwen 0.1 and 100 g/l. of said main plating liquid and being selected from the group consisting of ethylene-diamine, 1,2-propanediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, hydrazine, quanidine, urea and thiourea; and e. at least one substance selected from the group consisting of peptones and derived proteins and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 0.1 and 10 g/l.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
209 words
A bright tin-nickel alloy plating electrolyte having a pH in the range from 8 to 12 and consisting essentially of an aqueous main plating liquid containing: a. a stannous salt selected from the group consiSting of stannous pyrophosphate, stannous chloride and stannous sulfate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 2 and 20 g/l. calculated as stannous ion; b. a nickel salt selected from the group consisting of nickel pyrophosphate, nickel chloride and nickel sulfate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 5 and 30 g/l. calculated as nickel ion; c. an alkali-metal pyrophosphate selected from the group consisting of potassium pyrophosphate and sodium pyrophosphate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 150 and 600 g/l.; d. at least one brightener additive in said plating liquid in an amount betwen 0.1 and 100 g/l. of said main plating liquid and being selected from the group consisting of ethylene-diamine, 1,2-propanediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, hydrazine, quanidine, urea and thiourea; and e. at least one substance selected from the group consisting of peptones and derived proteins and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 0.1 and 10 g/l.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
31 words
A bright tin-nickel alloy plating electrolyte according to claim 11, in which said at least one substance is a derived protein selected from the group consisting of glue, gelatine and gluten.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
213 words
A bright tin-nickel alloy plating electrolyte having a pH in the range from 8 to 12 and consisting essentially of an aqueous main plating liquid containing: a. a stannous salt selected from the group consisting of stannous pyrophosphate, stannous chloride and stannous sulfate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 2 and 20 g/l. calculated as stannous ion; b. a nickel salt selected from the group consisting of nickel pyrophosphate, nickel chloride and nickel sulfate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 5 and 30 g/l. calculated as nickel ion; c. an alkali-metal pyrophosphate selected from the group consisting of potassium pyrophosphate and sodium pyrophosphate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 150 and 600 g/l.; d. at least one brightener additive in said plating liquid in an amount between 0.1 and 100 g/l. of said main plating liquid and being selected from the group consisting of ethylene-diamine, 1,2-propanediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, hydrazine, quanidine, urea and thiourea; and e. a substance selected from the group consisting of neutral amino acids which are free of sulphur, and salts thereof, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount greater than 0.01 mol/l.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
213 words
A bright tin-nickel alloy plating electrolyte having a pH in the range from 8 to 12 and consisting essentially of an aqueous main plating liquid containing: a. a stannous salt selected from the group consisting of stannous pyrophosphate, stannous chloride and stannous sulfate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 2 and 20 g/l. calculated as stannous ion; b. a nickel salt selected from the group consisting of nickel pyrophosphate, nickel chloride and nickel sulfate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 5 and 30 g/l. calculated as nickel ion; c. an alkali-metal pyrophosphate selected from the group consisting of potassium pyrophosphate and sodium pyrophosphate, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount between 150 and 600 g/l.; d. at least one brightener additive in said plating liquid in an amount between 0.1 and 100 g/l. of said main plating liquid and being selected from the group consisting of ethylene-diamine, 1,2-propanediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, hydrazine, quanidine, urea and thiourea; and e. a substance selected from the group consisting of neutral amino acids which are free of sulphur, and salts thereof, and which is present in said main plating liquid in an amount greater than 0.01 mol/l.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3772168A
Cited
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| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-06-02 | 1978-12-02 | 1979-06-03 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-06-02 | 1982-12-02 | 1983-06-03 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-06-02 | 1986-12-02 | 1987-06-03 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |