Electronic control system for the velocity of a machine element

Claim 1

An apparatus for controlling a Diesel engine at a predetermined velocity comprising an injection pump means for injecting a controlled amount of fuel into the engine and an electronic control means attached to an end face of said pump means for controlling the amount of fuel injected into the engine, said electronic control means including a transmitter means producing an a.c. voltage having a frequency proportional to the actual velocity of the engine and having an electric signal derived from the a.c. voltage which actuates a control element influencing the velocity of the machine element in the sense of a cancellation of a deviation from the predetermined velocity, said transmitter means being a premagnetized inductive pick-up means responding to the passing of the teeth of a gear of the engine, a pulse former means operatively connected to the transmitter means which forms from the a.c. voltage substantially rectangular pulses of substantially equal length and substantially equal height having a frequency proportional to the velocity, wherein rectangular pulses are formed in the pulse former means from the a.c. voltage supplied by the transmitter means and of these rectangular pulses the falling flanks are used for triggering a monostable multivibrator means which, after unblocking by the falling flank, remains unblocked during an accurately defined substantially constant time interval and then reverts to its blocKed condition so that the average value of the pulse output corresponds to the velocity of the machine element as represented by the rotational speed of the gear, said operating voltage of the multivibrator means being stabilized by means of a Zener diode, the stabilized voltage source for the comparison voltage being derived from the Zener diode to which is also connected the multivibrator means, a control stage means operatively connected with the pulse former means in which a d.c. voltage representing the desired velocity is compared with the electric signal reproducing the actual velocity and a d.c. output voltage is produced proportional to the deviation from the desired value, said control stage means being operable as a proportional control element with simultaneous differentiating, integrating and low-pass effect, wherein the limit frequency of the lowpass lies below the frequenices of the transmitter means, an output stage means operatively connected with the control stage means and operable to control the control element corresponding to the output signal of the control stage means, means for achieving the low-pass effect, said means including the pulse output of the pulse former means being connected with one input of an operational amplifier means of the control stage means by way of an RC-element and by way of a resistor having a resistance value approximately equal to 1/5 to 1/10 of the resistance of the RC-element and connected in series with the resistor of the RC-element and the output of the operational amplifier means of the control stage means being connected by way of a high ohmic negative feedback means with the point of connection of the aforementioned resistors and by way of a condenser with said one input, wherein the pulse output of the pulse former means is additionally connected to said point of connection by way of a series circuit including a further condenser and a further resistor, the capacity of said further condenser being larger and the value of said further resistor being smaller than the corresponding values of the parallel-connected RC-element, a series circuit consisting of condenser and resistor means connected in parallel to the high ohmic negative feedback means, the resistance of said last-mentioned resistor means being considerably smaller than the high ohmic negative feedback means, said operational amplifier means of said control stage means being provided with an output compensation including a condenser means of small capacity, and means for chopping the d.c. output voltage of the control stage means in the output stage means into a rectangular pulse voltage with an average value substantially equal to the d.c. output voltage of the control stage means and for feeding to an adjusting magnet consituting the control element, wherein the adjusting magnet constituting the control element is prestressed in the closing direction by a spring.

Claim 2

An apparatus for controlling a Diesel engine at a predetermined velocity comprising an injection pump means for injecting a controlled amount of fuel into the engine and an electronic control means attached to an end face of said pump means for controlling the amount of fuel injected into the engine, said electronic control means including a transmitter means producing an a.c. voltage having a frequency proportional to the actual velocity of the engine and having an electric signal derived from the a.c. voltage which actuates a control element influencing the velocity of the machine element in the sense of a cancellation of a deviation from the predetermined velocity, said transmitter means being a premagnetized inductive pick-up means responding to the passing of the teeth of a gear of the engine, a pulse former means operatively connected to the transmitter means which forms from the a.c. voltage substantially rectangular pulses of substantially equal length and substantially equal height having a frequency proportional to the velocity, wherein rectangular pulses are formed in the pulse former means from the a.c. voltage supplied by the transmitter means and of these rectangular pulses the falling flanks are used for triggering a monostable multivibrator means which, after unblocking by the falling flank, remains unblocked during an accurately defined substantially constant time interval and then reverts to its blocKed condition so that the average value of the pulse output corresponds to the velocity of the machine element as represented by the rotational speed of the gear, said operating voltage of the multivibrator means being stabilized by means of a Zener diode, the stabilized voltage source for the comparison voltage being derived from the Zener diode to which is also connected the multivibrator means, a control stage means operatively connected with the pulse former means in which a d.c. voltage representing the desired velocity is compared with the electric signal reproducing the actual velocity and a d.c. output voltage is produced proportional to the deviation from the desired value, said control stage means being operable as a proportional control element with simultaneous differentiating, integrating and low-pass effect, wherein the limit frequency of the lowpass lies below the frequenices of the transmitter means, an output stage means operatively connected with the control stage means and operable to control the control element corresponding to the output signal of the control stage means, means for achieving the low-pass effect, said means including the pulse output of the pulse former means being connected with one input of an operational amplifier means of the control stage means by way of an RC-element and by way of a resistor having a resistance value approximately equal to 1/5 to 1/10 of the resistance of the RC-element and connected in series with the resistor of the RC-element and the output of the operational amplifier means of the control stage means being connected by way of a high ohmic negative feedback means with the point of connection of the aforementioned resistors and by way of a condenser with said one input, wherein the pulse output of the pulse former means is additionally connected to said point of connection by way of a series circuit including a further condenser and a further resistor, the capacity of said further condenser being larger and the value of said further resistor being smaller than the corresponding values of the parallel-connected RC-element, a series circuit consisting of condenser and resistor means connected in parallel to the high ohmic negative feedback means, the resistance of said last-mentioned resistor means being considerably smaller than the high ohmic negative feedback means, said operational amplifier means of said control stage means being provided with an output compensation including a condenser means of small capacity, and means for chopping the d.c. output voltage of the control stage means in the output stage means into a rectangular pulse voltage with an average value substantially equal to the d.c. output voltage of the control stage means and for feeding to an adjusting magnet consituting the control element, wherein the adjusting magnet constituting the control element is prestressed in the closing direction by a spring.

Claim 3

An apparatus for controlling a Diesel engine at a predetermined velocity comprising an injection pump means for injecting a controlled amount of fuel into the engine and an electronic control means attached to an end face of said pump means for controlling the amount of fuel injected into the engine, said electronic control means including a transmitter means producing an a.c. voltage having a frequency proportional to the actual velocity of the engine and having an electric signal derived from the a.c. voltage which actuates a control element influencing the velocity of the machine element in the sense of a cancellation of a deviation from the predetermined velocity, said transmitter means being a premagnetized inductive pick-up means responding to the passing of the teeth of a gear of the engine, a pulse former means operatively connected to the transmitter means which forms from the a.c. voltage substantially rectangular pulses of substantially equal length and substantially equal height having a frequency proportional to the velocity, wherein rectangular pulses are formed in the pulse former means from the a.c. voltage supplied by the transmitter means and of these rectangular pulses the falling flanks are used for triggering a monostable multivibrator means which, after unblocking by the falling flank, remains unblocked during an accurately defined substantially constant time interval and then reverts to its blocKed condition so that the average value of the pulse output corresponds to the velocity of the machine element as represented by the rotational speed of the gear, said operating voltage of the multivibrator means being stabilized by means of a Zener diode, the stabilized voltage source for the comparison voltage being derived from the Zener diode to which is also connected the multivibrator means, a control stage means operatively connected with the pulse former means in which a d.c. voltage representing the desired velocity is compared with the electric signal reproducing the actual velocity and a d.c. output voltage is produced proportional to the deviation from the desired value, said control stage means being operable as a proportional control element with simultaneous differentiating, integrating and low-pass effect, wherein the limit frequency of the low-pass lies below the frequenices of the transmitter means, an output stage means operatively connected with the control stage means and operable to control the control element corresponding to the output signal of the control stage means, means for achieving the low-pass effect, said means including the pulse output of the pulse former means being connected with one input of an operational amplifier means of the control stage means by way of an RC-element and by way of a resistor having a resistance value approximately equal to 1/5 to 1/10 of the resistance of the RC-element and connected in series with the resistor of the RC-element and the output of the operational amplifier means of the control stage means being connected by way of a high ohmic negative feedback means with the point of connection of the aforementioned resistors and by way of a condenser with said one input, wherein the pulse output of the pulse former means is additionally connected to said point of connection by way of a series circuit including a further condenser and a further resistor, the capacity of said further condenser being larger and the value of said further resistor being smaller than the corresponding values of the parallel-connected RC-element, a series circuit consisting of condenser and resistor means connected in parallel to the high ohmic negative feedback means, the resistance of said last-mentioned resistor means being considerably smaller than the high ohmic negative feedback means, said operational amplifier means of said control stage means being provided with an output compensation including a condenser means of small capacity, and means for chopping the d.c. output voltage of the control stage means in the output stage means into a rectangular pulse voltage with an average value substantially equal to the d.c. output voltage of the control stage means and for feeding to an adjusting magnet consituting the control element, wherein the adjusting magnet constituting the control element is prestressed in the closing direction by a spring.

Claim 4

An apparatus for controlling a Diesel engine at a predetermined velocity comprising an injection pump means for injecting a controlled amount of fuel into the engine and an electronic control means attached to an end face of said pump means for controlling the amount of fuel injected into the engine, said electronic control means including a transmitter means producing an a.c. voltage having a frequency proportional to the actual velocity of the engine and having an electric signal derived from the a.c. voltage which actuates a control element influencing the velocity of the machine element in the sense of a cancellation of a deviation from the predetermined velocity, said transmitter means being a premagnetized inductive pick-up means responding to the passing of the teeth of a gear of the engine, a pulse former means operatively connected to the transmitter means which forms from the a.c. voltage substantially rectangular pulses of substantially equal length and substantially equal height having a frequency proportional to the velocity, wherein rectangular pulses are formed in the pulse former means from the a.c. voltage supplied by the transmitter means and of these rectangular pulses the falling flanks are used for triggering a monostable multivibrator means which, after unblocking by the falling flank, remains unblocked during an accurately defined substantially constant time interval and then reverts to its blocKed condition so that the average value of the pulse output corresponds to the velocity of the machine element as represented by the rotational speed of the gear, said operating voltage of the multivibrator means being stabilized by means of a Zener diode, the stabilized voltage source for the comparison voltage being derived from the Zener diode to which is also connected the multivibrator means, a control stage means operatively connected with the pulse former means in which a d.c. voltage representing the desired velocity is compared with the electric signal reproducing the actual velocity and a d.c. output voltage is produced proportional to the deviation from the desired value, said control stage means being operable as a proportional control element with simultaneous differentiating, integrating and low-pass effect, wherein the limit frequency of the low-pass lies below the frequenices of the transmitter means, an output stage means operatively connected with the control stage means and operable to control the control element corresponding to the output signal of the control stage means, means for achieving the low-pass effect, said means including the pulse output of the pulse former means being connected with one input of an operational amplifier means of the control stage means by way of an RC-element and by way of a resistor having a resistance value approximately equal to 1/5 to 1/10 of the resistance of the RC-element and connected in series with the resistor of the RC-element and the output of the operational amplifier means of the control stage means being connected by way of a high ohmic negative feedback means with the point of connection of the aforementioned resistors and by way of a condenser with said one input, wherein the pulse output of the pulse former means is additionally connected to said point of connection by way of a series circuit including a further condenser and a further resistor, the capacity of said further condenser being larger and the value of said further resistor being smaller than the corresponding values of the parallel-connected RC-element, a series circuit consisting of condenser and resistor means connected in parallel to the high ohmic negative feedback means, the resistance of said last-mentioned resistor means being considerably smaller than the high ohmic negative feedback means, said operational amplifier means of said control stage means being provided with an output compensation including a condenser means of small capacity, and means for chopping the d.c. output voltage of the control stage means in the output stage means into a rectangular pulse voltage with an average value substantially equal to the d.c. output voltage of the control stage means and for feeding to an adjusting magnet consituting the control element, wherein the adjusting magnet constituting the control element is prestressed in the closing direction by a spring.

Claim 5

An apparatus for controlling a Diesel engine at a predetermined velocity comprising an injection pump means for injecting an amount of fuel into the Diesel engine, and control means including a control element for regulating the amount of fuel injected into the Diesel engine, said control means comprising transmitter means for producing an alternating voltage having a frequency proportional to an actual value of engine velocity; pulse former means operatively connected to said transmitter means for forming from the alternating voltage an output signal of equal length and equal height rectangular pulses, said rectangular pulses having a frequency proportional to the actual velocity; control stage means operatively connected with said pulse former means for comparing said output signal of said pulse forming means with a direct voltage corresponding to the predetermined velocity and for producing an output voltage proportional to a deviation of the actual velocity from the predetermined velocity, said control stage means including an operational amplifier means for simultaneously providing differentiating, integrating and low-pass effect functions, and output stage means operatively connected to the control stage means for controlling the control element in dependence on the output voltage of said control stage means, so that the control element regulates the amount of fuel injected into the Diesel engine by said injection pump means to reduce said deviation of the actual velocity from the predetermined velocity.

Claim 6

An apparatus for controlling a Diesel engine at a predetermined velocity comprising an injection pump means for injecting an amount of fuel into the Diesel engine, and control means including a control element for regulating the amount of fuel injected into the Diesel engine, said control means comprising transmitter means for producing an alternating voltage having a frequency proportional to an actual value of engine velocity; pulse former means operatively connected to said transmitter means for forming from the alternating voltage an output signal of equal length and equal height rectangular pulses, said rectangular pulses having a frequency proportional to the actual velocity; control stage means operatively connected with said pulse former means for comparing said output signal of said pulse forming means with a direct voltage corresponding to the predetermined velocity and for producing an output voltage proportional to a deviation of the actual velocity from the predetermined velocity, said control stage means including an operational amplifier means for simultaneously providing differentiating, integrating and low-pass effect functions, and output stage means operatively connected to the control stage means for controlling the control element in dependence on the output voltage of said control stage means, so that the control element regulates the amount of fuel injected into the Diesel engine by said injection pump means to reduce said deviation of the actual velocity from the predetermined velocity.