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US3883989A Expired / Lapsed US ⏱️ 0.0 years remaining

Expandable shape-retaining peat moss briquettes and method of producing same

Assignee: Jiffy Products International Ltd
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Filing: 1973-10-29
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Granted: 1975-05-20
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Expires: 1993-10-29
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Abstract

Abstract Plants are grown in expanded peat moss units which have been produced by intermixing an aqueous bituminous emulsion with peat moss in critical proportions of peat moss to bitumen, drying the mixture, and compressing portions thereof uni-directionally to form rigid bodies. The compressed bodies have a thickness which is a small fraction of their original thickness. These bodies are expanded by contact with water to form soft cakes, which retain their shape without the need for external constraint, while permitting normal plant and root growth therein. The expanded shape-retaining cakes have a thickness intermediate their original and compressed thicknesses.

Inventors

  • 👤 Odd S Melvold

Bibliographic Details

Application Number —
Jurisdiction US
Data Source google_patents
Last Synchronized 2026-10-27 04:17
CPC Classifications
A; A01; A01G; A01G24/00; A01G24/60; A01G24/20; A01G24/28; A01G24/40; A01G24/44

Claims Analysis

Total Claims: 21
Claim 1
Independent Claim 222 words
The method of producing expandable, shape-retaining peat moss briquettes for use in growing plants, comprising: a. applying an aqueous bituminous emulsion to finely-divided moisture-containing peat moss particles while intermixing said peat moss particles to distribute said emulsion therethrough, said peat moss containing from 25 to 50 percent water by weight, said emulsion having a continuous aqueous phase and a dispersed bituminous phase, said emulsion breaking upon said intermixing to deposit dispersed particles of bitumen, the resulting admixture containing from 15 to 40 percent by weight of bitumen based upon the dry weight of said peat moss; b. drying said peat moss-bitumen mix to a water content of below 25 percent by weight at which said mix is compressible without squeezing out water, the temperature of said mix during drying being controlled to prevent damage to the horticultural properties of the peat moss; and c. compressing individual portions of said dried mix in one direction, said compressing integrating said mix portions by reducing their thickness to less than one-half their uncomPressed thickness in the direction of said compression and being sufficient to form said portions into rigid bodies; d. whereby said rigid bodies are expandable on contact with water, said expansion being in the direction of said compression to a thickness intermediate their compressed and uncompressed thickness to form soft, moist, shape-retaining cakes.
Claim 2
Independent Claim 222 words
The method of producing expandable, shape-retaining peat moss briquettes for use in growing plants, comprising: a. applying an aqueous bituminous emulsion to finely-divided moisture-containing peat moss particles while intermixing said peat moss particles to distribute said emulsion therethrough, said peat moss containing from 25 to 50 percent water by weight, said emulsion having a continuous aqueous phase and a dispersed bituminous phase, said emulsion breaking upon said intermixing to deposit dispersed particles of bitumen, the resulting admixture containing from 15 to 40 percent by weight of bitumen based upon the dry weight of said peat moss; b. drying said peat moss-bitumen mix to a water content of below 25 percent by weight at which said mix is compressible without squeezing out water, the temperature of said mix during drying being controlled to prevent damage to the horticultural properties of the peat moss; and c. compressing individual portions of said dried mix in one direction, said compressing integrating said mix portions by reducing their thickness to less than one-half their uncomPressed thickness in the direction of said compression and being sufficient to form said portions into rigid bodies; d. whereby said rigid bodies are expandable on contact with water, said expansion being in the direction of said compression to a thickness intermediate their compressed and uncompressed thickness to form soft, moist, shape-retaining cakes.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim 24 words
The method of claim 1 in which said rigid bodies have a thickness of not over one-eighth the uncompressed thickness of said mix portions.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim 26 words
The method of claim 1 in which said mix contains at least 20 percent of said bitumen based on the dry weight of said peat moss.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim 19 words
The method of claim 1 in which said dried mix still contains at least 10 percent water by weight.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim 11 words
The compressed rigid bodies produced by the method of claim 1.
Claim 7
Independent Claim 238 words
The method of producing expandable, shape-retaining peat moss briquettes for use in growing plants, comprising: a. applying an aqueous bituminous emulsion to finely-divided moisture-containing peat moss particles while intermixing said peat moss particles to distribute said emulsion therethrough, said peat moss containing from 25 to 50 percent water by weight, said emulsion having a continuous aqueous phase and a dispersed bituminous phase, said emulsion breaking upon said intermixing to deposit dispersed particles of bitumen, the resulting admixture containing from 20 to 40 percent by weight of bitumen based upon the dry weight of said peat moss; b. drying said peat moss-bitumen mix to a water content of below 25 percent by weight at which said mix is compressible without squeezing out water, the temperature of said mix during drying being controlled to prevent damage to the horticultural properties of the peat moss and said drying being discontinued before said mix contains less than 10 percent water by weight; and c. compressing individual portions of said dried mix in one direction, said compressing integrating said mix portions by reducing their thickness to less than one-eighth their uncompressed thickness in the direction of said compression and being sufficient to form said portions into rigid bodies; d. whereby said rigid bodies are expandable by contact with water, said expansion being in the direction of said compression to a thickness intermediate their compressed and uncompressed thicknesses to form soft, moist, shape-retaining cakes.
Claim 8
Independent Claim 238 words
The method of producing expandable, shape-retaining peat moss briquettes for use in growing plants, comprising: a. applying an aqueous bituminous emulsion to finely-divided moisture-containing peat moss particles while intermixing said peat moss particles to distribute said emulsion therethrough, said peat moss containing from 25 to 50 percent water by weight, said emulsion having a continuous aqueous phase and a dispersed bituminous phase, said emulsion breaking upon said intermixing to deposit dispersed particles of bitumen, the resulting admixture containing from 20 to 40 percent by weight of bitumen based upon the dry weight of said peat moss; b. drying said peat moss-bitumen mix to a water content of below 25 percent by weight at which said mix is compressible without squeezing out water, the temperature of said mix during drying being controlled to prevent damage to the horticultural properties of the peat moss and said drying being discontinued before said mix contains less than 10 percent water by weight; and c. compressing individual portions of said dried mix in one direction, said compressing integrating said mix portions by reducing their thickness to less than one-eighth their uncompressed thickness in the direction of said compression and being sufficient to form said portions into rigid bodies; d. whereby said rigid bodies are expandable by contact with water, said expansion being in the direction of said compression to a thickness intermediate their compressed and uncompressed thicknesses to form soft, moist, shape-retaining cakes.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim 11 words
The compressed rigid bodies produced by the method of claim 6.
Claim 10
Independent Claim 214 words
A method of producing expandable, shape-retaining peat moss briquettes for use in growing plants comprising: a. applying an aqueous bituminous emulsion to finely-divided moisture-containing peat moss particles while intermixing said peat moss particles to distribute said emulsion therethrough, said peat moss containing from 25 to 50 percent water by weight, said emulsion having a continuous aqueous phase and a dispersed bituminous phase, said emulsion breaking upon said intermixing to deposit dispersed particles of bitumen, the resulting admixture containing from 15 to 40 percent by weight of bitumen based upon the dry weight of said peat moss; b. drying said peat moss-bitumen mix to a water content of below 25 percent by weight at which said mix is compressible without squeezing out water, the temperature of said mix during drying being controlled to prevent damage to the horticultural properties of the peat moss; and c. compressing individual portions of said dried mix in one direction, said compressing integrating said mix portions by reducing their thickness to less than one-half their uncompressed thickness in the direction of said compression and being sufficient to form said portions into rigid bodies of the general shape of plant-growing briquettes, said rigid briquettes being expandable by contacting them with water to form soft, moist, shape-retaining cakes for growing plants therein.
Claim 11
Independent Claim 214 words
A method of producing expandable, shape-retaining peat moss briquettes for use in growing plants comprising: a. applying an aqueous bituminous emulsion to finely-divided moisture-containing peat moss particles while intermixing said peat moss particles to distribute said emulsion therethrough, said peat moss containing from 25 to 50 percent water by weight, said emulsion having a continuous aqueous phase and a dispersed bituminous phase, said emulsion breaking upon said intermixing to deposit dispersed particles of bitumen, the resulting admixture containing from 15 to 40 percent by weight of bitumen based upon the dry weight of said peat moss; b. drying said peat moss-bitumen mix to a water content of below 25 percent by weight at which said mix is compressible without squeezing out water, the temperature of said mix during drying being controlled to prevent damage to the horticultural properties of the peat moss; and c. compressing individual portions of said dried mix in one direction, said compressing integrating said mix portions by reducing their thickness to less than one-half their uncompressed thickness in the direction of said compression and being sufficient to form said portions into rigid bodies of the general shape of plant-growing briquettes, said rigid briquettes being expandable by contacting them with water to form soft, moist, shape-retaining cakes for growing plants therein.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim 11 words
The compressed rigid bodies produced by thE method of claim 8.
Claim 13
Independent Claim 222 words
A method of producing expandable shape-retaining peat moss briquettes for use in growing plants comprising: a. spraying an aqueous bituminous emulsion onto finely-divided moisture-containing peat moss particles while intermixing said peat moss particles to distribute said emulsion therethrough, said peat moss containing from 25 to 50 percent by weight, said emulsion having a continuous aqueous phase and a dispersed bituminous phase, said emulsion breaking upon said intermixing to deposit dispersed particles of bitumen, the resulting admixture containing from 20 to 40 percent by weight of bitumen based upon the dry weight of said peat moss; b. drying said peat moss-bitumen mix to a water content of below 25 percent by weight at which said mix is compressible without squeezing out water, the temperature of said mix during drying being controlled to prevent damage to the horticultural properties of the peat moss and said drying being discontinued before said mix contains less than 10 percent water by weight; and c. compressing individual portions of said dried mix in one direction, said compressing integrating said mix portions by reducing their thickness to less than one-eighth their uncompressed thickness in the direction of said compression and being sufficient to form said portions into rigid briquettes, said rigid briquettes being expandable by contacting them with water to form soft, moist, shape-retaining cakes for growing plants therein.
Claim 14
Independent Claim 222 words
A method of producing expandable shape-retaining peat moss briquettes for use in growing plants comprising: a. spraying an aqueous bituminous emulsion onto finely-divided moisture-containing peat moss particles while intermixing said peat moss particles to distribute said emulsion therethrough, said peat moss containing from 25 to 50 percent by weight, said emulsion having a continuous aqueous phase and a dispersed bituminous phase, said emulsion breaking upon said intermixing to deposit dispersed particles of bitumen, the resulting admixture containing from 20 to 40 percent by weight of bitumen based upon the dry weight of said peat moss; b. drying said peat moss-bitumen mix to a water content of below 25 percent by weight at which said mix is compressible without squeezing out water, the temperature of said mix during drying being controlled to prevent damage to the horticultural properties of the peat moss and said drying being discontinued before said mix contains less than 10 percent water by weight; and c. compressing individual portions of said dried mix in one direction, said compressing integrating said mix portions by reducing their thickness to less than one-eighth their uncompressed thickness in the direction of said compression and being sufficient to form said portions into rigid briquettes, said rigid briquettes being expandable by contacting them with water to form soft, moist, shape-retaining cakes for growing plants therein.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim 11 words
The compressed rigid briquettes produced by the method of claim 10.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim 21 words
The method of claim 10, wherein said aqueous bituminous emulsion is heated prior to spraying onto said finely-divided peat moss particles.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim 108 words
AN EXPANDABLE, SHAPE-RETAINING COMPRESSED PEAT MOSS BRIQUETTE WHICH CONSISTS ESSENTIALLY OF A PEAT MOSS BITUMEN MIX WITH A WATER CONTENT OF FROM 10 TO 25 PERCENT BY WEIGHT AND FROM 15 TO 40 PERCENT BITUMEN BY WEIGHT, SAID BITUMEN HAVING BEEN CONTACTED WITH SAID PEAT MOSS BY INTERMIXING INTO SAID PEAT MOSS AN AQUEOUS BITUMEN EMULSION HAVING A CONTINUOUS AQUEOUS PHASE AND A DISPERSED BITUMINOUS PHASE AND THE ADMIXTURE HAS BEEN FORMED INTO A BODY HAVING THE GENERAL SHAPE OF THE BRIQUETTE AND THEN COMPRESSED TO REDUCE THE HEIGHT OF THE BODY TO AT LEAST ONE-HALF THE UNCOMPRESSED HEIGHT THEREOF WHILE INTEGRATING THE BODY INTO A SHAPERETAINING BRIQUETTE.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim 108 words
AN EXPANDABLE, SHAPE-RETAINING COMPRESSED PEAT MOSS BRIQUETTE WHICH CONSISTS ESSENTIALLY OF A PEAT MOSS BITUMEN MIX WITH A WATER CONTENT OF FROM 10 TO 25 PERCENT BY WEIGHT AND FROM 15 TO 40 PERCENT BITUMEN BY WEIGHT, SAID BITUMEN HAVING BEEN CONTACTED WITH SAID PEAT MOSS BY INTERMIXING INTO SAID PEAT MOSS AN AQUEOUS BITUMEN EMULSION HAVING A CONTINUOUS AQUEOUS PHASE AND A DISPERSED BITUMINOUS PHASE AND THE ADMIXTURE HAS BEEN FORMED INTO A BODY HAVING THE GENERAL SHAPE OF THE BRIQUETTE AND THEN COMPRESSED TO REDUCE THE HEIGHT OF THE BODY TO AT LEAST ONE-HALF THE UNCOMPRESSED HEIGHT THEREOF WHILE INTEGRATING THE BODY INTO A SHAPERETAINING BRIQUETTE.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim 24 words
A plurality of expandable, shape-retaining compressed peat moss briquettes as defined in claim 13, which are integrated into a series forming a multi-unit body.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim 20 words
The use of an expandable, shape-retaining compressed peat moss briquette as defined in claim 13, in the growing of plants.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim 22 words
The use of a plurality of expandable, shape-retaining compressed peat moss briquettes as defined in claim 14, in the growing of plants.

References Cited (Backward Citations)

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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

Annuity Stage Window Opens Payment Deadline Surcharge Period Until Estimated Fee Status
3.5 Years (Year 4) 1978-05-19 1978-11-18 1979-05-20 $2000.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8) 1982-05-19 1982-11-18 1983-05-20 $3760.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12) 1986-05-19 1986-11-18 1987-05-20 $7700.00 Window Closed / Lapsed

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