US3882507A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Means and method for creating a visible display utilizing high sensitivity magnetochemical particles
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1971-12-20
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Granted: 1975-05-06
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Expires: 1991-12-20
Abstract
Abstract Improved means and method for creating a visible display utilizing magnetochemical particles that respond to a magnetic field by exposing an interface capable of reacting chemically with a surrounding chemical environment to provide an immediately visible change in color. Waterphase droplets in a carrier medium provide an envelope for the chemical and contained particles. The particles have a high sensitivity to magnetic fields obtained by a unique structure which utilizes two masses of ferromagnetic materials usually in spherical form, and in which each has a core of magnetostrictive material with properties common to hard magnetic materials. Each core is coated with a metallic material capable of reacting upon exposure to the chemical environment to produce a visible color, but which is normally shielded and prevented from reacting by an overcoating of a brittle material. The two masses are relatively oriented and physically attached with their magnetizable axes in parallel relation, whereby upon subjection to a magnetic field, magnetic poles will be induced which produce repulsive forces for assisting in the rupture of the particle. Thus, when the particle is exposed to a magnetic field pulse, three forces influence its performance. The force generated by magnetostriction provides motion that acts to loosen the bond between the brittle frangible coating and the chemically reactive layer; the induction of adjacent like poles in the attached spheres generates a force of repulsion which, added to the magnetostrictive force, ruptures the frangible physical attachment and exposes the color forming metal to the surrounding chemical environment; the hard magnetic quality of the mass material results in the formation of two permanent magnets such that the force of repulsion persists following induction to complete the rupture started by the triggering pulse.
Inventors
- 👤 Lyne S Trimble
- 👤 Florence A Ito
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-05 22:43
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G19/00; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S29/00; Y10S29/095; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/24; Y10T428/24008; Y10T428/24017; Y10T428/29; Y10T428/2982; Y10T428/2991
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 50
Claim 1
Independent Claim
61 words
A HIGH SENSITIVITY MAGNETOCHEMICAL PARTICLE, COMPRISING: TWO ANISOTROPIC MASSES OF MAGNETIC MATERIAL; NON-MAGNETIC BOND MEANS INTERCONNECTING SURFACE PORTIONS OF SAID MASSES WITH THEIR MAXIMUM ANISOTROPIC AXES PARALLEL, SAID MASSES WHEN SUBJECTED TO A MAGNETIC FIELD, BEING CAPABLE OF GENERATING BOND BREAKING FORCES BETWEEN ADJACENT-LIKE MAGNETIC POLES INDUCED IN THE MASES PARALLEL TO THE BONDED SURFACE PORTIONS THEREOF BY SAID MAGNETIC FIELD.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
61 words
A HIGH SENSITIVITY MAGNETOCHEMICAL PARTICLE, COMPRISING: TWO ANISOTROPIC MASSES OF MAGNETIC MATERIAL; NON-MAGNETIC BOND MEANS INTERCONNECTING SURFACE PORTIONS OF SAID MASSES WITH THEIR MAXIMUM ANISOTROPIC AXES PARALLEL, SAID MASSES WHEN SUBJECTED TO A MAGNETIC FIELD, BEING CAPABLE OF GENERATING BOND BREAKING FORCES BETWEEN ADJACENT-LIKE MAGNETIC POLES INDUCED IN THE MASES PARALLEL TO THE BONDED SURFACE PORTIONS THEREOF BY SAID MAGNETIC FIELD.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
45 words
A particle in accordance with claim 1 wherein the size of said masses and the extent of the area of said bonding means is such that an applied specific magnetic field strength will generate repulsive magnetic rupturing forces in the area of said bonding means.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
22 words
A magnetochemical particle in accordance with claim 1, wherein the magnetic material has been heat treated and annealed in a magnetic field.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
16 words
A magnetochemical particle in accordance with claim 1, wherein the magnetic material has been cold worked.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
22 words
A magnetochemical particle in accordance with claim 1, wherein the bonding means for the masses of ferromagnetic materials comprises a fusible alloy.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
24 words
A magnetochemical particle in accordance with claim 1, wherein the bonding means for the masses of ferromagnetic materials comprises an adhesive containing an epoxy.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
22 words
A magnetochemical particle in accordance with claim 1, wherein the bonding means for the masses of ferromagnetic materials comprises a cyanoacrylate adhesive.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
26 words
A magnetochemical particle in accordance with claim 1, wherein the Bonding means for the masses of ferromagnetic materials comprises sulfur impregnated with a color forming substance.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
45 words
A magnetochemical particle in accordance with claim 1, in which the anistropy of said masses is a maximum with respect to the direction of the magnetic field path, when subjected to magnetic field induction and the directions in the two masses are in parallel alignment.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
22 words
A particle in accordance with claim 1, wherein said masses comprise unmagnetized magnetostrictive ferromagnetic materials which form permanent magnets upon being magnetized.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
22 words
A magnetochemical particle in accordance with claim 1, wherein the bond breaking forces occur at magnetic fields of at least 100 oersteds.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
22 words
A magnetochemical particle in accordance with claim 1, wherein the bond breaking forces occur at magnetic fields of less than 100 oersteds.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
29 words
A magnetochemical particle in accordance with claim 1, in which the outer surfaces of said masses comprise a chemically reactive metal overcoated with a relatively non-reactive continuous surface coating.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
15 words
A magnetochemical particle in accordance with claim 13, in which said surface coating is brittle.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
15 words
A particle in accordance with claim 1, wherein said masses comprise unmagnetized magnetostrictive ferromagnetic materials.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
19 words
A particle in accordance with claim 15, wherein the ferromagnetic materials of the respective masses are of different composition.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
60 words
A particle in accordance with claim 15, wherein the sensitivity of the bond breaking forces of the two connected anisotropic magnetic material masses comprises the sum of the mutual forces of repulsion between the like magnetic poles and the forces generated by the change in dimension of the magnetostrictive ferromagnetic material of the masses, when subjected to a magnetizing field.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
16 words
A magnetochemical particle in accordance with claim 17, wherein the disconnected masses provide individual ferromagnetic masses.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
16 words
A particle according to claim 15, wherein each mass is coated with a chemically reactive metal.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
20 words
A particle according to claim 19, wherein a relatively non-reactive continuous surface coating extends over the chemically reactive metal coating.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
16 words
A magnetochemical particle in accordance with claim 20, wherein the bonded surface portions are chemically reactive.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
42 words
A particle in accordance with claim 15, wherein the generated bond breaking forces include mutual forces of repulsion between the adjacent like magnetic poles of the connected masses and the forces generated by a change in dimension of said magnetostrictive ferromagnetic materials.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
22 words
A particle in accordance with claim 22 wherein the magnetostrictive generated forces are minimal with respect to the mutual forces of repulsion.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
25 words
A particle in accordance with claim 22, wherein the magnetostrictive generated forces are substantially greater than the forces generated by the mutual forces of repulsion.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
115 words
A magnetochemical particle capable of triggering a chemical reaction, comprising: a pair of masses of ferromagnetic materials each coated with a chemically reactive metal, and overcoated with at least one brittle relatively non-reactive surface coating, said masses being attached together so that their preestablished magnetic directions of orientation are substantially parallel with respect to said attachment and being adapted to be suspended in a chemical environment with which the chemically reactive metal would normally react but from which it is protected by the brittle relatively non-reactive coating, said non-reactive coating being rupturable in response to magnetically induced generated forces to expose said chemically reactive metal to the chemical environment and bring about a chemical change.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
115 words
A magnetochemical particle capable of triggering a chemical reaction, comprising: a pair of masses of ferromagnetic materials each coated with a chemically reactive metal, and overcoated with at least one brittle relatively non-reactive surface coating, said masses being attached together so that their preestablished magnetic directions of orientation are substantially parallel with respect to said attachment and being adapted to be suspended in a chemical environment with which the chemically reactive metal would normally react but from which it is protected by the brittle relatively non-reactive coating, said non-reactive coating being rupturable in response to magnetically induced generated forces to expose said chemically reactive metal to the chemical environment and bring about a chemical change.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
16 words
A particle in accordance with claim 25, wherein the ferromagnetic materials comprise unmagnetized permanent magnet materials.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
15 words
A particle in accordance with claim 25, wherein the ferromagnetic materials Comprise alloys containing iron.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
20 words
A particle in accordance with claim 25, wherein the ferromagnetic material is an alloy with components comprising cobalt and vanadium.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
54 words
A particle in accordance with claim 25, wherein the ferromagnetic material is highly magnetostrictive and comprises anisotropic ferrites having the general composition MOFe2O3, where M stands for one or more of the group consisting of manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, or combinations of these metals and the oxides of such metals in various proportions.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
19 words
A particle in accordance with claim 25, wherein the ferromagnetic material is an alloy comprising cobalt, nickel, and copper.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
20 words
A particle in accordance with claim 25, wherein the ferromagnetic material is an alloy comprising cobalt, nickel, aluminum, and copper.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
18 words
A particle in accordance with claim 25, wherein the ferromagnetic material is an alloy comprising cobalt and platinum.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
18 words
A particle in accordance with claim 25, wherein the ferromagnetic material is an alloy comprising iron and platinum.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
29 words
A particle in accordance with claim 25, wherein the chemically reactive metal is selected from the group including cadmium, cobalt, iron, nickel, zinc, tin, lead, vanadium, silver, and copper.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
33 words
A particle in accordance with claim 25, wherein the brittle relatively non-reactive continuous surface coating is selected from the group comprising antimony, arsenic, bismuth, sulfur, selenium, copper, nickel, tin, zinc, and combinations thereof.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
24 words
A particle in accordance with claim 25, in which the non-reactive coating is ruptured in response to magnetic fields of at least 100 oersteds.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
51 words
A magnetochemical particle comprising two bonded together ferromagnetic materials capable of generating bond breaking forces when subjected to at least one magnetic field threshold level, and means responsive to said bond breaking forces for selectively triggering chemical reactions of said materials with a surrounding chemical environment to provide a visible color.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
51 words
A magnetochemical particle comprising two bonded together ferromagnetic materials capable of generating bond breaking forces when subjected to at least one magnetic field threshold level, and means responsive to said bond breaking forces for selectively triggering chemical reactions of said materials with a surrounding chemical environment to provide a visible color.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
20 words
A particle in accordance with claim 37, wherein said means comprises ferromagnetic materials having characteristics determinative of such threshold level.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
39 words
A particle in accordance with claim 37, wherein said means includes a pair of masses of ferromagnetic materials, and a fusible alloy bonding said masses together, the threshold level being determined by the bonding strength of the fusible alloy.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
48 words
A particle in accordance with claim 37, wherein said means includes a pair of masses of ferromagnetic material, and a fusible alloy bonding said masses together, the threshold level being determined by the area of interface between one of the masses of ferromagnetic material and the fusible alloy.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
39 words
A particle in accordance with claim 37, wherein said means includes a pair of masses of ferromagnetic materials, and a fusible alloy bonding said masses together, the threshold level being determined by the size and shape of said masses.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
38 words
A particle in accordance with claim 37, wherein said means includes a pair of masses of ferromagnetic materials, and a fusible alloy attaches the masses together, the threshold level being determined by the distance between the attached masses.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
38 words
A particle in accordance with claim 37, wherein said means includes a pair of masses of ferromagnetic materials, and a fusible alloy attaches the masses together, the threshold level being determined by the cohesion of the bonding material.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
27 words
A particle in accordance with claim 37, wherein said means comprises a brittle, relatively non-reactive coating, the strength of said coating being determinative of said threshold level.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
20 words
A particle in accordance with claim 44, wherein the threshold level is determined by the thickness of said brittle coating.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
41 words
A magnetochemical particle, comprising: attached masses of magnetic materials, operable upon detachment in response to subjection to a magnetic field to trigger a chemiCal reaction between reactants exposed by said detachment, and a surrounding chemical environment to provide a visible color.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
41 words
A magnetochemical particle, comprising: attached masses of magnetic materials, operable upon detachment in response to subjection to a magnetic field to trigger a chemiCal reaction between reactants exposed by said detachment, and a surrounding chemical environment to provide a visible color.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-05-05 | 1978-11-04 | 1979-05-06 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-05-05 | 1982-11-04 | 1983-05-06 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-05-05 | 1986-11-04 | 1987-05-06 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |