US3880824A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Gluten lipid complexes and process for preparing same
Assignee: FARMLAND AGRI-SERVICES Inc A CORP OF Co
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Filing: 1972-07-18
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Granted: 1975-04-29
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Expires: 1992-07-18
Abstract
Abstract Vital wheat gluten complexes with lipids are resistant to particle cohesion when dispersed in aqueous media. Dry, finely divided vital wheat gluten is dispersed in an inert diluent and complexed by reaction with ionic and non-ionic fatty substances selected from the group consisting of fatty acid chlorides, fatty monoglycerides, lactylic esters of fatty acids, phospholipids and sorbitan fatty acid esters, in the presence of a mild base catalyst at temperatures ranging from 5*-60* C. Phospholipids and lactylic esters of fatty acids yield comparable complexes in an acid environment.
Inventors
- 👤 Ganta V Rao
- 👤 Sr Oliver B Gerrish
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-01 08:50
CPC Classifications
A; A21; A21D; A21D2/00; A21D2/08; A21D2/24; A21D2/26; A21D2/264; A21D2/265
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 70
Claim 1
Independent Claim
67 words
A PROCESS FOR PREPARING VITAL WHEAT GLUTEN-LIID COMPLEXES COMPRISING THE STEPS OF: A. DESPERSING FINELY DIVIDED VITAL WHEAT GLUTEN IN A NONAQUEOUS DILUENT, SAID DILUENT COMPRISING AN ORGANIC SOLVENT NON-REACTIVE WITH SAID GLUTEN AND THE LIPID COMPLESING SYSTEM OF (B), AND B. REACTING SAID DISPERSED GLUTEN AT A TEMPERATURE BELOW THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH GLUTEN DENATURES WITH A LIPID COMPLEXING SYSTEM SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
67 words
A PROCESS FOR PREPARING VITAL WHEAT GLUTEN-LIID COMPLEXES COMPRISING THE STEPS OF: A. DESPERSING FINELY DIVIDED VITAL WHEAT GLUTEN IN A NONAQUEOUS DILUENT, SAID DILUENT COMPRISING AN ORGANIC SOLVENT NON-REACTIVE WITH SAID GLUTEN AND THE LIPID COMPLESING SYSTEM OF (B), AND B. REACTING SAID DISPERSED GLUTEN AT A TEMPERATURE BELOW THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH GLUTEN DENATURES WITH A LIPID COMPLEXING SYSTEM SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
14 words
FATTY ACID CHLORIDES AND A MILD BASE CATALYST WHICH WILL NOT DENATURE SAID GULTEN,
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
14 words
FATTY ACID CHLORIDES AND A MILD BASE CATALYST WHICH WILL NOT DENATURE SAID GULTEN,
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
13 words
FATTY MONOGLYCERIDES AND A MILD BASE CATALYST WHICH WILL NOT DENATURE SAID GLUTEN,
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
13 words
FATTY MONOGLYCERIDES AND A MILD BASE CATALYST WHICH WILL NOT DENATURE SAID GLUTEN,
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
13 words
fatty monoglycerides and a mild base catalyst which will not denature said gluten,
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
13 words
fatty monoglycerides and a mild base catalyst which will not denature said gluten,
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
47 words
A process, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said dispersed gluten is reacted, in a complexing system including a mild base catalyst, with a lipid selected from the group consisting of fatty acid chlorides, fatty monoglycerides, lactylic esters of fatty acids, phospholipids and sorbitan fatty acid esters.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process, as claimed in claim 2, wherein said lipid is selected from the group consisting of fatty acid chlorides, fatty monoglycerides and sorbitan fatty acid esters.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
15 words
sorbitan fatty acid esters and a mild base catalyst which will not denature said gluten,
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
15 words
sorbitan fatty acid esters and a mild base catalyst which will not denature said gluten,
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
15 words
SORBITAN FATTY ACID ESTERS AND A MILD BASE CATALYST WHICH WILL NOT DENATURE SAID GLUTEN,
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
15 words
SORBITAN FATTY ACID ESTERS AND A MILD BASE CATALYST WHICH WILL NOT DENATURE SAID GLUTEN,
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
16 words
LACTYLIC ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS AND A MILD BASE CATALYST WHICH WILL NOT DENATURE SAID GLUTEN,
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
16 words
LACTYLIC ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS AND A MILD BASE CATALYST WHICH WILL NOT DENATURE SAID GLUTEN,
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
16 words
lactylic esters of fatty acids and a mild base catalyst which will not denature said gluten,
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
16 words
lactylic esters of fatty acids and a mild base catalyst which will not denature said gluten,
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process, as claimed in claim 2, wherein said mild base catalyst is an amine type catalyst.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process as claimed in claim 4, wherein said amine type catalyst is pyridine.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
12 words
phospholipids and a mild base catalyst which will not denature said gluten,
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
12 words
phospholipids and a mild base catalyst which will not denature said gluten,
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
12 words
PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND A MILD BASE CATALYST WHICH WILL NOT DENATURE SAID GLUTEN,
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
12 words
PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND A MILD BASE CATALYST WHICH WILL NOT DENATURE SAID GLUTEN,
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
15 words
LACTYLIC ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS IN A PH 4 TO LESS THAN 7 ENVIROMENT, AND
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
15 words
LACTYLIC ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS IN A PH 4 TO LESS THAN 7 ENVIROMENT, AND
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
15 words
lactylic esters of fatty acids in a pH 4 to less than 7 environment, and
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
15 words
lactylic esters of fatty acids in a pH 4 to less than 7 environment, and
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
128 words
A process, as claimed in claim 2, wherein said finely divided gluten has a particle size in the range of from 20 to 300 mesh, said reaction is carried out at a temperature in the range from about 5*-60*C., said mild base catalyst is an amine type catalyst, said fatty acid chlorides are selected from the group consisting of palmitoyl chloride and stearoyl chloride, said fatty monoglycerides are selected from the group consisting of stearoyl monogLyceride and palmitoyl monoglyceride, said sorbitan fatty acid esters are selected from the group consisting of sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan distearate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate, said lactylic esters are selected from the group consisting of sodium-stearoyl 2-lactylate, calcium-stearoyl 2-lactylate, sodium-stearoyl fumarate and lactylic stearate and said phospholipids comprise phosphatidyl ethanolamine.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
38 words
A process, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said dispersed gluten is reacted in a pH 4 to less than 7 environment with a lipid selected from the group consisting of lactylic esters of fatty acids and phospholipids.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
10 words
phospholipids in a pH 4 to less than 7 environment.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
10 words
phospholipids in a pH 4 to less than 7 environment.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
10 words
PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN A PH 4 TO LESS THAN 7 ENVIROMENT.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
10 words
PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN A PH 4 TO LESS THAN 7 ENVIROMENT.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
64 words
A process, as claimed in claim 7, wherein said finely divided gluten has a particle size in the range of from 20 to 300 mesh, said reaction is carried out at a temperature in the range from about 5*-60*C., said lactylic esters are selected from the group consisting of sodium-stearoyl 2-lactylate, calcium-stearoyl 2-lactylate, sodium-stearoyl fumarate and lactylic stearate and said phospholipids comprise phosphatidyl ethanolamine.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said finely divided gluten has a particle size in the range of from 20 to 300 mesh.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said reaction is carried out at a temperature in the range from about 5*-60* C.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said diluent is selected from the group consisting of chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and mixtures thereof.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said lipid is diluted with a non-aqueous diluent comprising an organic solvent nonreactive with said gluten and said lipid complexing system prior to reacting said lipid with said gluten.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
37 words
A process, as claimed in claim 12, wherein said diluted lipid is reacted with said dispersed gluten by adding said lipid thereto at a sufficiently slow rate that the gluten temperature is always less than 60* C.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fatty component of said lipid comprises a saturated alkyl chain containing from 7-22 carbon atoms.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
15 words
A process, as claimed in claim 14, wherein said chain contains from 14-22 carbon atoms.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
15 words
A process, as claimed in claim 15, wherein said chain contains from 16-18 carbon atoms.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fatty acid chlorides are selected from the group consisting of palmitoyl chloride and stearoyl chloride.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fatty monoglycerides are selected from the group consisting of stearoyl monoglyceride and palmitoyl monoglyceride.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said sorbitan fatty acid esters are selected from the group consisting of sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan distearate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said lactic esters are selected from the group consisting of sodium-stearoyl 2-lactylate, calcium-stearoyl 2-lactylate, sodium-stearoyl fumarate and lactylic stearate.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
13 words
A process, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said phospholipid is phosphatidyl ethanolamine.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
36 words
A process, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction system comprises, in parts by weight of each component per part of gluten present, about 1-10 parts diluent, about 0.01-2 parts catalyst and 0.01-0.2 part lipid.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process, as claimed in claim 22, wherein said reaction system comprises about 3 parts diluent, about 0.3 part catalyst and about 0.05 part lipid.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
73 words
A process, as claimed in claim 22, wherein said gluten has a particle size of from 20-300 mesh, said diluent is selected from the group consisting of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform, said base catalysT is an amine type catalyst, said lipid is an acid chloride selected from the group consisting of palmitoyl chloride and stearoyl chloride, and said complexing reaction is carried out at a temperature in the range from about 5*-60* C.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
73 words
A process, as claimed in claim 22, wherein said gluten has a particle size of from 20-300 mesh, said diluent is selected from the group consisting of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform, said base catalyst is an amine type catalyst, said lipid is a fatty monoglyceride selected from the group consisting of stearoyl monoglyceride and palmitoyl monoglyceride, and said complexing reaction is carried out at a temperature in the range from about 5*-60* C.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
82 words
A process, as claimed in claim 22, wherein said gluten has a particle size of from 20-300 mesh, said diluent is selected from the group consisting of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform, said base catalyst is an amine type catalyst, said lipid is a sorbitan fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan distearate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate, and said complexing reaction is carried out at a temperature in the range from about 5*-60* C.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
78 words
A process, as claimed in claim 22, wherein said gluten has a particle size of from 20-300 mesh, said diluent is selected from the group consisting of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform, said base catalyst is an amine type catalyst, said lipid is a lactylic ester selected from the group consisting of sodium-stearoyl 2-lactylate, calcium-stearoyl 2-lactylate, sodium stearoyl fumarate and lactylic stearate, and said complexing reaction is carried out at a temperature in the range from about 5*-60* C.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
75 words
A process, as claimed in claim 22, wherein said gluten has a particle size of from 20-300 mesh, said diluent is selected from the group consisting of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform, said lipid is a lactylic ester selected from the group consisting of sodium-stearoyl 2-lactylate, calcium-stearoyl 2-lactylate, sodium stearoyl fumarate and lactylic stearate, and said complexing reaction is carried out at a pH of 6.0-6.5 and a temperature in the range from about 5*-60* C.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
58 words
A process, as claimed in claim 22, wherein said gluten has a particle size of from 20-300 mesh, said diluent is selected from the group consisting of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform, said lipid is phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and said complexing reaction is carried out at a pH of 6.0-6.5 and a temperature in the range from about 5*-60* C.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said acidic environment has a pH in the range of 6.0-6.5.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
79 words
A proteinaceous composition comprising a finely divided vital wheat gluten-lipid complex which is readily dispersible in aqueous media, said complex comprising the reaction product, at a temperature below the temperature at which gluten denatures and in a pH 4 to mildly basic environment which will not denature said gluten, of dispersed vital wheat gluten and a lipid selected from the group consisting of fatty acid chlorides, fatty monoglycerides, sorbitan fatty acid esters, lactylic esters of fatty acids and phospholipids.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
79 words
A proteinaceous composition comprising a finely divided vital wheat gluten-lipid complex which is readily dispersible in aqueous media, said complex comprising the reaction product, at a temperature below the temperature at which gluten denatures and in a pH 4 to mildly basic environment which will not denature said gluten, of dispersed vital wheat gluten and a lipid selected from the group consisting of fatty acid chlorides, fatty monoglycerides, sorbitan fatty acid esters, lactylic esters of fatty acids and phospholipids.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
24 words
A composition, as claimed in claim 31, wherein the fatty component of said lipid comprises a saturated alkyl chain containing from 14-22 carbon atoms.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
21 words
A composition, as claimed in claim 31, wherein said complex includes about 0.01-0.2 part by weight lipid per part of gluten.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
21 words
A composition, as claimed in claim 33, wherein said complex include about 0.05 part by weight lipid per part of gluten.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
24 words
A composition, as claimed in claim 33, wherein said fatty acid chlorides are selected from the group consisting of palmitoyl chloride and stearoyl chlOride.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
23 words
A composition, as claimed in claim 33, wherein said fatty monglycerides are selected from the group consisting of stearoyl monoglyceride and palmitoyl monoglyceride.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
32 words
A composition, as claimed in claim 33, wherein said sorbitan fatty acid esters are selected from the group consisting of sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan distearate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
27 words
A composition, as claimed in claim 33, wherein said lactylic esters are selected from the group consisting of sodium-stearoyl 2-lactylate, calcium-stearoyl 2-lactylate, sodium-stearoyl fumarate and lactylic stearate.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
13 words
A composition, as claimed in claim 33, wherein said phospholipid is phosphatidyl ethanolamine.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
23 words
A composition, as claimed in claim 33, wherein said finely divided gluten has a particle size in the range of from 20-300 mesh.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
26 words
A proteinaceous composition, as claimed in claim 31, wherein said mild base environment is provided by a mild base catalyst which will not denature said gluten.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
45 words
A proteinaceous composition, as claimed in claim 31, wherein said lipid is selected from the group consisting of lactylic esters of fatty acids and phospholipids and said lipid is reacted with said dispersed vital wheat gluten in a pH 4 to less than 7 environment.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US2928821A
Cited
US3362829A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-04-28 | 1978-10-28 | 1979-04-29 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-04-28 | 1982-10-28 | 1983-04-29 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-04-28 | 1986-10-28 | 1987-04-29 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |