US3879211A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Ceramic product and method of making same
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1973-06-14
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Granted: 1975-04-22
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Expires: 1993-06-14
Abstract
Abstract A ceramic product is provided comprising, as initial ingredients, from 81 to 97 percent of red mud containing at least 40 percent iron expressed as Fe2O3, from 2 to 9 percent of sodium bentonite or from 2 to 25 percent of calcium bentonite, and from 0 to 10 percent of calcium sulfate, the product being vitrified by firing at a temperature in the range of 1950* to 2500* F. Also, a method of making a product of the above composition is provided wherein the ingredients mentioned above are blended together with sufficient water to provide a cohesive but formable mass. After forming into a desired shape, this mass is exposed to an atmosphere which is substantially saturated with water and then fired in the aforesaid temperature range for a period of time to cause the mass to be vitrified.
Inventors
- 👤 Joseph M Klotz
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 00:14
CPC Classifications
C; C04; C04B; C04B33/00; C04B33/02; C04B33/13; C04B33/132; C04B33/1321; C04B33/1322; C04B33/18; C04B33/32; C04B35/00; C04B35/622; C04B35/626; C04B35/62605; C04B35/62625; C04B35/6263; C04B2235/00; C04B2235/02; C04B2235/30; C04B2235/32; C04B2235/3201; C04B2235/3205; C04B2235/3208; C04B2235/3231; C04B2235/3232; C04B2235/327; C04B2235/3272; C04B2235/65; C04B2235/656; C04B2235/70; C04B2235/74; C04B2235/77; C04B2235/96; Y; Y02; Y02P; Y02P40/00; Y02P40/60
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 11
Claim 1
Independent Claim
67 words
A CERAMIC PRODUCT MADE FROM AN INITIAL MIXTURE COMPRISING FROM 81 TO 97 PERCENT RED MUD CONTAINING AT LEAST 40 PERCENT IRON EXPRESSED AS FE203, FROM 2 TO 9 PERCENT OF SODIUM BENTONITE OR CALCIUM BENTONITE OR MIXTURES THEREOF; AND FROM 0 TO 10 PERCENT OF CALCIUM SULFATE; SAID PRODUCT BEING VIRTIFIED BY FIRING SAID INITIAL MIXTURE AT A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE OF 1950* TO 2500*F.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
67 words
A CERAMIC PRODUCT MADE FROM AN INITIAL MIXTURE COMPRISING FROM 81 TO 97 PERCENT RED MUD CONTAINING AT LEAST 40 PERCENT IRON EXPRESSED AS FE203, FROM 2 TO 9 PERCENT OF SODIUM BENTONITE OR CALCIUM BENTONITE OR MIXTURES THEREOF; AND FROM 0 TO 10 PERCENT OF CALCIUM SULFATE; SAID PRODUCT BEING VIRTIFIED BY FIRING SAID INITIAL MIXTURE AT A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE OF 1950* TO 2500*F.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
69 words
A ceramic product made from an initial mixture comprising from 81 to 97 percent of red mud containing at least 40 percent iron expressed as Fe2O3, from 2 to 9 percent of sodium bentonite or calcium bentonite or mixtures thereof; and from 0 to 10 percent of calcium sulfate; said product being vitrified by firing said initial mixture at a temperature in the range of 1950* to 2500* F.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
69 words
A ceramic product made from an initial mixture comprising from 81 to 97 percent of red mud containing at least 40 percent iron expressed as Fe2O3, from 2 to 9 percent of sodium bentonite or calcium bentonite or mixtures thereof; and from 0 to 10 percent of calcium sulfate; said product being vitrified by firing said initial mixture at a temperature in the range of 1950* to 2500* F.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
20 words
The product to claim 1 wherein the amount of red mud is in the range of 90 to 95 percent.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
35 words
The product of claim 2 wherein the amount of sodium bentonite is in the range of 2 to 4 percent and the amount of calcium sulfate is in the range of 1 to 8 percent.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
21 words
The product of claim 3 wherein the product is fired at a temperature in the range of 1950* to 2200* F.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
148 words
The method of making a vitrified ceramic product which comprises forming a mixture of from 81 to 97 percent of red mud having at least 40 percent iron expressed as Fe2O3, from 2 to 9 percent sodium bentonite or calcium bentonite or mixtures thereof, and 0 to 10 percent of calcium sulfate; blending water into said mixture in an amount of 90 to 150 gallons of water per ton of said mixture, the amount of water being such that a cohesive but formable mass is obtained; forming the mass into a desired shape; exposing the shaped mass to an atmosphere substantially saturated with water and at a temperature in the range of 100* to 212* F.; and then firing the shaped mass by heating it to a temperature in the range of 1950* to 2500* F. for a period of time to cause the mass to be vitrified.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
148 words
The method of making a vitrified ceramic product which comprises forming a mixture of from 81 to 97 percent of red mud having at least 40 percent iron expressed as Fe2O3, from 2 to 9 percent sodium bentonite or calcium bentonite or mixtures thereof, and 0 to 10 percent of calcium sulfate; blending water into said mixture in an amount of 90 to 150 gallons of water per ton of said mixture, the amount of water being such that a cohesive but formable mass is obtained; forming the mass into a desired shape; exposing the shaped mass to an atmosphere substantially saturated with water and at a temperature in the range of 100* to 212* F.; and then firing the shaped mass by heating it to a temperature in the range of 1950* to 2500* F. for a period of time to cause the mass to be vitrified.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 5 wherein the amount of red mud is in the range of 90 to 95 percent.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 6 wherein the amount of sodium bentonite is in the range of 2 to 4 percent and the amount of calcium sulfate is in the range of 1 to 8 percent.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-04-21 | 1978-10-21 | 1979-04-22 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-04-21 | 1982-10-21 | 1983-04-22 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-04-21 | 1986-10-21 | 1987-04-22 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |