US3876537A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Method of insolubilizing demineralizer and cooling tower blowdown wastes
Assignee: WOLF RIDGE Corp A CORP OF Co
•
Filing: 1973-10-31
•
Granted: 1975-04-08
•
Expires: 1993-10-31
Abstract
Abstract Process for insolubilizing water soluble sodium sulfur oxide wastes resulting from backwash of process feedwater demineralizers and cooling tower blowdown wastes. The sodium sulfur oxide wastes, typically sodium sulfate and sulfite, are reacted in solution with ferric ions and sulfuric acid to produce an insoluble, basic hydrous or anhydrous sodium hydroxy ferric sulfate or sulfite compounds of the type Q.sub.v Fe.sub.w (SO.sub.x).sub.y (OH).sub.z.sup.. nH.sub.2 O, wherein Q is NH.sub.4 or Na, v is 1,2,4 or 5, w is selected from 1,2,3,4, or 6, x is 3 and/or 4, y is 2,4,5 or 7 z is 1,2,3,6 or 12, and n is 0 or 3. The principal insoluble compounds include Natrojarosite, Metasideronatrite, Sideronatrite, Depegite which is a mixture of Sideronatrite, Rosarite and Iriite, and mixtures thereof. The reaction takes place at an acid pH in a temperature ranging from about 50.degree.-300.degree. F and may occur in single or multistage reactors. Air and/or bacterial activation at a pH of less than about 5.5 may be employed. The end-product basic, sodium hydroxy ferric sulfate and sulfite compounds are substantially water insoluble, having a solubility of less than the standard calcium sulfate, and may be disposed of by simple landfill without the water pollution hazards inherent with landfilling of wet or dry sodium sulfite or sulfate wastes.
Inventors
- 👤 Jacques M Dulin
- 👤 Edward C Rosar
- 👤 Harvey S Rosenberg
- 👤 Joseph M Genco
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-01 05:22
CPC Classifications
C; C01; C01G; C01G49/00; C01G49/009; C02; C02F; C02F1/00; C02F1/52; C02F1/5236; C02F9/00; C01P; C01P2004/00; C01P2004/80; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S423/00; Y10S423/09; Y10S423/17
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 23
Claim 1
Independent Claim
101 words
A WATER POLLUTION CONTROL PROCESS FOR REDUCING THE WATER SOLUBILITY OF SODIUM AND AMMONIUM SULFUR OXIDE WASTES COMPRISING THE STEPS OF: A. REACTING A SULFUR OXIDE ANION SELECTED FROM A SULFATE, A SULFITE AND MIXTURES THEREOF, AND A SODIUM OR AMMONIUM CATION, WITH A SOURCE CONTAINING IRON VALUES SELECTED FROM FE0, FE+2, FE+3 AND MIXTURES THEREOF, B. SAID SULFUR OXIDE ANION BEING A WASTE PRODUCED IN A PROCESS OF DEMINERALIZING WATER, C. MAINTAINING SAID REACTION AT A PH BELOW ABOUT 5.5 AND AT A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE OF ABOUT 50*-300*F FOR A TIME SUFFICIENT TO FORM A COMPOUND SELECTED FROM:
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
101 words
A WATER POLLUTION CONTROL PROCESS FOR REDUCING THE WATER SOLUBILITY OF SODIUM AND AMMONIUM SULFUR OXIDE WASTES COMPRISING THE STEPS OF: A. REACTING A SULFUR OXIDE ANION SELECTED FROM A SULFATE, A SULFITE AND MIXTURES THEREOF, AND A SODIUM OR AMMONIUM CATION, WITH A SOURCE CONTAINING IRON VALUES SELECTED FROM FE0, FE+2, FE+3 AND MIXTURES THEREOF, B. SAID SULFUR OXIDE ANION BEING A WASTE PRODUCED IN A PROCESS OF DEMINERALIZING WATER, C. MAINTAINING SAID REACTION AT A PH BELOW ABOUT 5.5 AND AT A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE OF ABOUT 50*-300*F FOR A TIME SUFFICIENT TO FORM A COMPOUND SELECTED FROM:
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
32 words
A water pollution control process as in claim 1 wherein said water demineralization process is selected from demineralizing feed or waste waters used in, or produced by, industrial or power plant operations.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
27 words
A water pollution control process as in claim 2 wherein the pH is maintained below about 3.5 and the temperature in the range of from about 120.degree.-200.degree.F.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
17 words
A water pollution control process as in claim 3 wherein the pH is maintained below about 2.5.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
29 words
A water pollution control process as in claim 1 wherein said iron source is an aqueous solution containing iron ions selected from ferrous ions, ferric ions, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
17 words
A water pollution control process as in claim 5 wherein the pH is maintained below about 2.5.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
34 words
A water pollution control process as in claim 3 wherein said water demineralization process is a process for demineralizing cooling tower water to produce a blowdown magma rich in sodium and sulfur oxide values.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
35 words
A water pollution control process as in claim 3 wherein said water demineralization process waste is selected from wastes from processes for demineralizing raw water, make-up water, boiler feed water, condenser water, and coolant water.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
21 words
A water pollution control process as in claim 1 wherein said iron-containing source iron is in an elemental or combined state.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
26 words
A water pollution control process as in claim 9 which includes the step of oxidizing said iron to the ferrous state, ferric state or mixtures thereof.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
22 words
A water pollution control process as in claim 10 wherein said oxidation takes place in the presence of acid tolerant, iron-oxidizing bacteria.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
18 words
A water pollution control process as in claim 2 wherein said reaction occurs in a plurality of zones.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
50 words
A water pollution control process as in claim 12 wherein said iron source includes iron in an elemental, ferrous or combined state, or mixtures thereof, which iron is oxidized to the ferrous state, ferric state or mixtures thereof in a zone separate from a zone wherein said compound is formed.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
42 words
A water pollution control process as in claim 13 wherein said sulfur oxide anion, sodium cation, ammonium cation, or mixtures thereof, are added to a first heated zone separately from a second zone in which ferric ion is prepared biotically or abiotically.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
22 words
A water pollution control process as in claim 14 wherein said second zone includes biotic preparation of ferric ion and sulfuric acid.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
45 words
A water pollution control process as in claim 15 wherein said second zone includes at least two stages, each being maintained at a different pH for biotic oxidation of Fe.degree. to Fe.sup..sup.+2 in a first stage thereof, and Fe.sup..sup.+2 to Fe.sup..sup.+3 in a second stage.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
94 words
A water pollution control process as in claim 1 wherein maintaining said reaction includes the steps of: a. commencing said reaction at a pH below a pH conducive to the formation of ferrous or ferric hydroxides to form at least some of said compound, b. adjusting the pH upward to within at least the lower end of the range of pH at which production of one or more of said hydroxides could occur, while reducing the ferric ion concentration, and c. selectively forming said compound in the absence of substantial production of said hydroxides.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
27 words
A water pollution control process as in claim 17 which includes the step of seeding said reaction with crystals of said compound prior to raising said pH.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
27 words
A water pollution control process as in claim 18 wherein the pH is maintained below about 5.5 and the temperature in the range of from about 120.degree.-180.degree.F.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
30 words
A water pollution control process as in claim 2 wherein said iron is an aqueous solution of ferrous ion, ferric ion, and mixtures thereof, and said acid is sulfuric acid.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
48 words
A water pollution control process as in claim 20 wherein said iron and sulfuric acid sources are selected from waste acid, steel pickle liquor, scrap iron, iron-bearing slag, pyrites, acid mine water, black water, gob, pyrites leachate, fly ash, SO.sub.2 and SO.sub.3 -containing flue gas, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
41 words
A water pollution control process as in claim 21 wherein said reaction takes place in an aqueous medium, and said SO.sub.2 and SO.sub.3 -containing flue gas is sparged in said aqueous reaction medium to provide both heat and said acid values.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-04-07 | 1978-10-07 | 1979-04-08 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-04-07 | 1982-10-07 | 1983-04-08 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-04-07 | 1986-10-07 | 1987-04-08 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |