US3876439A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Soil stabilizing agent comprising an acid sludge-sulfuric acid product and method for preparing the agent
Assignee: SAUNDERS CHEMICAL Co Inc
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Filing: 1972-12-29
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Granted: 1975-04-08
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Expires: 1992-12-29
Abstract
Abstract Disclosed is a soil stabilizing agent consisting of a source of calcium, such as calcium carbonate, and a spent sulfuric acid, in a water solution and a method for applying the same. Certain chloride and sulfate materials, such as aluminum and ferric chloride and aluminum and ferrous sulfate, may be added to the soil with the stabilizing agent to provide enhanced results in particular soils. The stabilizing agent is applied with sufficient water to thoroughly wet the soil and thus disperse the agent through the soil and the treated soil is then worked to accomplish thorough mixing. An alternate method of application is also disclosed in which the calcium source material, and the chloride or sulfate materials if used, are applied dry in powdered or granular form to the soil surface, the soil and materials are treated with a solution of water and a spent sulfuric acid sufficient to thoroughly wet the soil to the desired depth of treatment and disperse the chemicals therein, and the chemicals and soil are then worked until thorough mixing is assured.
Inventors
- 👤 Gordon L Schneider
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 21:09
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09K; C09K17/00; C09K17/02; C09K17/04; C09K17/06; C09K17/40; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S106/00; Y10S106/90; Y10S106/901
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 21
Claim 1
Independent Claim
86 words
A SOIL STABILIZING AGENT COMPRISING: THE REACTION PRODUCT OF A CALCIUM COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF CALCIUM CARBONATE, CALCIUM FLUORAPATILE, CALCIUM PHOSPHATE, CALCIUM SULFATE, CALCIUM OXIDE, AND PORTLANT CEMENT AND A SULFURIC ACID SLUDGE HAVING NOT LESS THAN 60 PERCENT ACID NOR MORE THAN 35 PERCENT ENTRAINED HYDROCARBONS COMBINED IN A SUFFICIENT QUANTITY OF WATER TO MAINTAIN FLUIDITY OF THE RESULTANT PRODUCT, SAID CONSTITUENTS BEING COMBINED IN SUCH TYPE AND QUANTITY AS TO PROVIDE THE REACTION PRODUCT WITH A PH OF LESS THAN 7.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
86 words
A SOIL STABILIZING AGENT COMPRISING: THE REACTION PRODUCT OF A CALCIUM COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF CALCIUM CARBONATE, CALCIUM FLUORAPATILE, CALCIUM PHOSPHATE, CALCIUM SULFATE, CALCIUM OXIDE, AND PORTLANT CEMENT AND A SULFURIC ACID SLUDGE HAVING NOT LESS THAN 60 PERCENT ACID NOR MORE THAN 35 PERCENT ENTRAINED HYDROCARBONS COMBINED IN A SUFFICIENT QUANTITY OF WATER TO MAINTAIN FLUIDITY OF THE RESULTANT PRODUCT, SAID CONSTITUENTS BEING COMBINED IN SUCH TYPE AND QUANTITY AS TO PROVIDE THE REACTION PRODUCT WITH A PH OF LESS THAN 7.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
33 words
A soil stabilizing agent as described in claim 1, in which: a liquid mineral hydrocarbon is added to said mixture in an amount less than 10 percent by weight of said reaction product.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
30 words
A soil stabilizing agent as described in claim 1, in which: said constituents are selected in type and quantity to provide said reaction product with a pH ofless than 5.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
31 words
A soil stabilizing agent as described in claim 1, in which: said constituents are selected in type and quantity to provide said reaction product with a pH of less than 2.0
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
104 words
A soil stabilizing agent comprising: the reaction product of 10 to 50 percent by weight of a source of calcium selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, calcium fluorapatite, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium oxide, and Portland cement; saic calcium source being intermixed in 20 to 50 percent water to which is added 20 to 80 percent by which sulfuric acid sludge being not less than 60 percent by weight acid and having not more than 35 percent by weight entrained hydrocarbons, said consituents being selected as to type and quantity to provide said reaction product with a pH of less than 7.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
104 words
A soil stabilizing agent comprising: the reaction product of 10 to 50 percent by weight of a source of calcium selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, calcium fluorapatite, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium oxide, and Portland cement; saic calcium source being intermixed in 20 to 50 percent water to which is added 20 to 80 percent by which sulfuric acid sludge being not less than 60 percent by weight acid and having not more than 35 percent by weight entrained hydrocarbons, said consituents being selected as to type and quantity to provide said reaction product with a pH of less than 7.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
33 words
A soil stabilizing agent as described in claim 5, in which: said constituents are so selected by type and quantity as to provide said reaction product with a pH of less than 5.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
31 words
A soil stabilizing agent as described in claim 5, in which: a liquid mineral hydrocarbon is added to the reaction product to comprise not more than 10 percent by weight thereof.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
100 words
A soil stabilizing agent as described in claim 5, in which: said percentages by weight of said source of calcium in said reaction product are 15 to 25 percent; said percentages by weight of said sulfuric acid sludge in said reaction product are 30 to 55 percent; said sulfuric acid sludge is aged to the condition where it is purplish in color; said percentages by weight of said water in said reaction product are 25 to 45 percent; and said constituents are selected as to type and quantity to provide said reaction product with a pH of less than 3.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
92 words
A soil stabilizing agent as described in claim 5, in which: said source of calcium is calcium carbonate and constitutes 15 to 20 percent by weight of said reaction product; said sulfuric acid sludge is a spent acid sludge having not less than 80 percent acidity nor more than 20 percent entrained hydrocarbons and being aged to the condition where it is purplish in color, and said spent acid sludge constitutes 50 to 55 percent by weight of said reaction product; and said reaction product has a pH of less than 2.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
100 words
The method of forming a soil stabilizing agent comprising the following steps: first, adding a source of calcium, said source being selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, calcium fluorapatite, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium oxide, and Portland cement, to a quantity of water sufficient to provide a fluid mixture; and, second, adding to said fluid mixture a quantity of sulfuric acid sludge having not less than 60 percent acid nor more than 35 percent entrained hydrocarbons sufficient to reduce the pH of the mixture to below 7, while maintaining said mixture at a temperature of less than 180.degree.F.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
100 words
The method of forming a soil stabilizing agent comprising the following steps: first, adding a source of calcium, said source being selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, calcium fluorapatite, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium oxide, and Portland cement, to a quantity of water sufficient to provide a fluid mixture; and, second, adding to said fluid mixture a quantity of sulfuric acid sludge having not less than 60 percent acid nor more than 35 percent entrained hydrocarbons sufficient to reduce the pH of the mixture to below 7, while maintaining said mixture at a temperature of less than 180.degree.F.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
72 words
The method of forming a soil stabilizing agent as described in claim 10, in which: said calcium source constitutes 15 to 25 percent by weight of the final mixture; said water consitutes 20 to 45 percent of the final mixture; and said sulfuric acid sludge is a spent sulfuric acid aged to the condition where it is purplish in color, and constitutes 30 to 55 percent by weight of the final mixture.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
116 words
A method of stabilizing soils, comprising: applying to the soil from 2 to 40 parts by volume of a soil stabilizing agent to 1,000 parts by volume of water, said agent comprising the raction product of a calcium compound selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, calcium fluorapatite, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium oxide, and Portland cement and a sulfuric acid sludge having not less than 60 percent acid nor more than 35 percent entrained hydrocarbons conbined in a sufficient quantity of water to maintain fluidity of the resultant product, with said element and acid being combined in such type and quantity as to provide the resulting product with a pH of less than 7.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
116 words
A method of stabilizing soils, comprising: applying to the soil from 2 to 40 parts by volume of a soil stabilizing agent to 1,000 parts by volume of water, said agent comprising the raction product of a calcium compound selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, calcium fluorapatite, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium oxide, and Portland cement and a sulfuric acid sludge having not less than 60 percent acid nor more than 35 percent entrained hydrocarbons conbined in a sufficient quantity of water to maintain fluidity of the resultant product, with said element and acid being combined in such type and quantity as to provide the resulting product with a pH of less than 7.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
37 words
A method of stabilizing soils, as described in claim 12, in which: said soil stabilizing agent is applied to the soil in 5 to 25 parts by volume of agent to 1,000 parts by volume of water.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
61 words
A method of stabilizing soils, as described in claim 12, in which: said source of calcium constitutes 14 to 23 parts by weight of the agent and is intermixed with 26 to 29 parts by weight of water and 25 to 54 parts by weight of said sulfuric acid sludge; and said agent has a pH of not more than 2.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method of stabilizing soils as described in claim 13, in which: said agent further includes a source of liquid mineral hydrocarbon.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
108 words
A method of stabilizing finely divided soils as described in claim 15, in which: said soil to be treated is first scarified to the desired depth of treatment; said source of an element of known stabilization benefit in the soil is a source of calcium selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, calcium fluorapatite, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium oxide, and Portland cement; said source of acid is a sulfuric acid sludge having an acidity of at least 60 percent and a hydrocarbon content of not is excess of 30 percent; and said mixture is brought to a moisture content optimum for compaction before it is compacted.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
87 words
A method of stabilizing finely divided soils as described in claim 16, in which: said source of calcium is applied in sufficient quantity to constitute a mixture of from 2 to 20 percent by volume with said soil; and said sulfuric acid sludge is applied to said mixture of calcium source and soil in a water solution comprising two to ten gallons of surruric acid sludge to 1,000 gallons of water, applied to said mixture at the rate of 250 gallons to 1,000 gallons per foot mile.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-04-07 | 1978-10-07 | 1979-04-08 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-04-07 | 1982-10-07 | 1983-04-08 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-04-07 | 1986-10-07 | 1987-04-08 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |