US3874850A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Blood analyzing method and apparatus
Assignee: Radiometer AS
•
Filing: 1972-11-15
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Granted: 1975-04-01
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Expires: 1992-11-15
Abstract
Abstract An automatic blood sample analyzer for automatically measuring one or more unknown data or parameters of the blood samples, such as partial pressure of carbon dioxide, partial pressure of oxygen, the pH-value, and the hemoglobin concentration, and the analyzer comprises computer means for calculating on the basis of the measured values a number of other parameters indicating the acid-base status of the blood sample. The analyzer comprises means for automatically performing calibration measurements on two different calibrating liquids or solutions. One of these solutions may be equilibrated with a gas mixture containing known amounts of O2 and CO2, and the other solution may be equilibrated with a gas mixture containing a known and different amount of at least CO2. The computer means are adapted to receive and store the calibration measurement values and to base the calculations of the latest received set of calibration values. The analyzer may also comprise means for photometrically measuring the hemoglobin contents of samples of whole blood.
Inventors
- 👤 Soren Kai Sorensen
- 👤 Jorgen Andersen
- 👤 Ebbe Johansen
- 👤 Jorgen Aage Preben Lund
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 15:48
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N33/00; G01N33/48; G01N33/483; G01N33/487; G01N33/49; G01N33/4925; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T436/00; Y10T436/11; Y10T436/115831
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 53
Claim 1
Independent Claim
148 words
A METHOD OF ANALYZING BLOOD, SAID METHOD COMPRISING THE FOLLOWING STEPS: A. PASSING A BLOOD SAMPLE INTO CONDUIT MEANS PROVIDED WITH MEASURING DEVICES, B. MEASURING INDICATIONS OF BLOOD PARAMETERS BY SAID DEVICES, SAID PARAMETERS COMRPISING PH, PCO2 AND PO2, C. DISCHARGING SAID BLOOD SAMPLE FROM SAID CONDUIT MEANS, D. PASSING A RINSING FLUID THROUGH SAID CONDUIT MEANS BEFORE ANOTHER SAMPLE IS PASSED INTO IT, E. PASSING AT CONTROLLED INTERVALS AND IN SUCCESSION AMOUNTS OF AT LEAST TWO CILIBRATING FLUIDS HAVING DIFFERENT SETS OF CALIBRATION VALUES OF PH, PCO2 AND PO2 THROUGH SAID CONDUIT MEANS, F. MEASURING SAID SETS OF CALIBRATION VALUES WITH THE MEASURING DEVICES, G. CONTROLLING THE OPERATIONAL SEQUENCE OF THE STEPS (B) THROUGH (F) BY CONTROL MEANS, H. STORING SAID SETS OF CALIBRATION VALUES RECEIVED FROM SAID MEASURING DEVICES; AND (I) CONVERTING SAID MEASURED INDICATIONS INTO EASILY INTERPRETED UNITS ON THE BASIS ON THE CALIBRATION VALUES.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
148 words
A METHOD OF ANALYZING BLOOD, SAID METHOD COMPRISING THE FOLLOWING STEPS: A. PASSING A BLOOD SAMPLE INTO CONDUIT MEANS PROVIDED WITH MEASURING DEVICES, B. MEASURING INDICATIONS OF BLOOD PARAMETERS BY SAID DEVICES, SAID PARAMETERS COMRPISING PH, PCO2 AND PO2, C. DISCHARGING SAID BLOOD SAMPLE FROM SAID CONDUIT MEANS, D. PASSING A RINSING FLUID THROUGH SAID CONDUIT MEANS BEFORE ANOTHER SAMPLE IS PASSED INTO IT, E. PASSING AT CONTROLLED INTERVALS AND IN SUCCESSION AMOUNTS OF AT LEAST TWO CILIBRATING FLUIDS HAVING DIFFERENT SETS OF CALIBRATION VALUES OF PH, PCO2 AND PO2 THROUGH SAID CONDUIT MEANS, F. MEASURING SAID SETS OF CALIBRATION VALUES WITH THE MEASURING DEVICES, G. CONTROLLING THE OPERATIONAL SEQUENCE OF THE STEPS (B) THROUGH (F) BY CONTROL MEANS, H. STORING SAID SETS OF CALIBRATION VALUES RECEIVED FROM SAID MEASURING DEVICES; AND (I) CONVERTING SAID MEASURED INDICATIONS INTO EASILY INTERPRETED UNITS ON THE BASIS ON THE CALIBRATION VALUES.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said parameters being measured further comprise the hemoglobin contents of the blood, the measurement of the hemoglobin contents being performed photometrically on whole blood.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
45 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein the calibrating fluids used comprise a first solution equilibrated with a gas mixture containing known amounts of O2 and CO2, and a second solution equilibrated with a gas mixture containing a known different amount of at least CO2.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
78 words
A method according to claim 3, wherein the gas pressure to which the calibrating fluids are exposed is concurrently measured during measurement of said set of calibration values, the pH, PO2 and PCO2 values of said calibrating fluids being calculated by said computer means on the basis of said concurrently measured gas pressure, the relative amounts of O2 and CO2 in said equilibrating gas mixtures, and the concentration and other known cOnstants of said first and second solutions.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein said conduit means are flushed with calibrating fluid before measuring said set of calibration values of the respective calibrating fluid.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method according to claim 5, wherein said conduit means are flushed with one of said equilibrating gas mixtures after discharging the corresponding calibrating fluid therefrom and prior to passing another blood sample thereinto.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
160 words
A method in analyzing blood, said method comprising the following steps: a. passing a sample of whole blood into conduit means provided with measuring devices comprising measuring electrodes and a photometer device, b. measuring indications for the blood parameters pH, PCO2, PO2 and hemoglobin contents by said electrodes and photometer device, respectively, c. discharging said blood sample from said conduit means, d. passing a rinsing fluid through said conduit means before another sample is passed into it, e. passing at controlled intervals and in succession amounts at least two calibrating fluids having different sets of calibration values of pH, PCO2 and PO2 through said conduit means, f. measuring said calibration sets of values by the measuring devices, g. controlling the operational sequence of the steps (b) through (f) by control means, and h. storing said sets of calibration values received from said measuring devices; and (i) converting said measured indications into easily interpreted units on the basis of calibration values.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
160 words
A method in analyzing blood, said method comprising the following steps: a. passing a sample of whole blood into conduit means provided with measuring devices comprising measuring electrodes and a photometer device, b. measuring indications for the blood parameters pH, PCO2, PO2 and hemoglobin contents by said electrodes and photometer device, respectively, c. discharging said blood sample from said conduit means, d. passing a rinsing fluid through said conduit means before another sample is passed into it, e. passing at controlled intervals and in succession amounts at least two calibrating fluids having different sets of calibration values of pH, PCO2 and PO2 through said conduit means, f. measuring said calibration sets of values by the measuring devices, g. controlling the operational sequence of the steps (b) through (f) by control means, and h. storing said sets of calibration values received from said measuring devices; and (i) converting said measured indications into easily interpreted units on the basis of calibration values.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
45 words
A method according to claim 7, wherein the calibrating fluids used comprise a first solution equilibrated with a gas mixture containing known amounts of O2 and CO2, and a second solution equilibrated with a gas mixture containing a different known amount of at least CO2.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
78 words
A method according to claim 8, wherein the gas pressure to which the calibrating fluids are exposed, is concurrently measured during measurement of said set of calibration values, the pH, PO2 and PCO2 values of said calibrating fluids being calculated by said computer means on the basis of said concurrently measured gas pressure, the relative amounts of O2 and CO2 in said equilibrating gas mixtures, and the concentration and other known constants of said first and second solutions.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method according to claim 9, wherein said conduit means are flushed with calibrating fluid before measuring said set of calibration values of the respective calibrating fluid.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method according to claim 10, wherein said conduit means are flushed with one of said equilibrating gas mixtures after discharging the corresponding calibrating fluid therefrom and prior to passing another blood sample thereinto.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
164 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer comprising: a. conduit means having a blood sample inlet section and a measuring section, said measuring section including self-operated means for measuring at least one parameter of a blood sample, b. means for discharging the blood sample from the measuring section when measurements have been performed by said measuring means, c. rinsing fluid storage means, d. means for flowing rinsing fluid from said storage means through said measuring and inlet conduit sections, e. calibrating fluid storage means, f. means for flowing amounts of calibrating fluids from said storage means into said measuring section, g. means for discharging said amounts of calibrating fluids from the measuring section, and h. self-operated control means including computer means for automatically controlling the operational sequence of said flow means and discharge means, and for automatically converting the parameters of a fluidmeasured by said measuring means to values based on calibration values obtained by measuring the parameters of said calibrating fluids in said measuring section.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
164 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer comprising: a. conduit means having a blood sample inlet section and a measuring section, said measuring section including self-operated means for measuring at least one parameter of a blood sample, b. means for discharging the blood sample from the measuring section when measurements have been performed by said measuring means, c. rinsing fluid storage means, d. means for flowing rinsing fluid from said storage means through said measuring and inlet conduit sections, e. calibrating fluid storage means, f. means for flowing amounts of calibrating fluids from said storage means into said measuring section, g. means for discharging said amounts of calibrating fluids from the measuring section, and h. self-operated control means including computer means for automatically controlling the operational sequence of said flow means and discharge means, and for automatically converting the parameters of a fluidmeasured by said measuring means to values based on calibration values obtained by measuring the parameters of said calibrating fluids in said measuring section.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
30 words
An automatic blood sampLe analyzer according to claim 12, wherein said means for moving, calibrating and rinsing fluid and said means for discharging blood and calibrating fluid comprise pumping means.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
24 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 12, wherein said measuring means comprise electrodes for measuring pH, PO2, and PCO2 of blood samples.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
26 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 14, wherein said measuring means further comprise photometric means for measuring the hemoglobin content of the blood sample.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
35 words
An automatic blood sampler analyzer according to claim 14, wherein said calibrating fluid storage means comprise two storage containers for calibrating liquids and means for equilibrating said calibrating liquids with gas mixtures of known composition.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
26 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 12, further comprising means for flowing an amount of blood from said inlet section into said measuring section.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
18 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 17, wherein said inlet section comprises walls having transparent portions.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
33 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 17, wherein said conduit means further comprise a drainage section, said inlet section comprising a transitional storage chamber to which said drainage section is connected.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
18 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 19, wherein said transitional storage chamber comprises transparent wall parts.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
78 words
An automatic blood sample analyser according to claim 19, wherein said conduit means further comprise a shunt section connecting said drainage section and an end portion of the inlet section, the part of the shunt section adjacent to the inlet end portion comprising a moveable part movable between a closed position in which said movable part communicates with the inlet end portion, and an open position, in which the shunt section is separated from the inlet end portion.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
36 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 21, further comprising switch means for starting the operational sequence of the analyzer, said switch means comprising means operated by moving said movable part of the shunt section.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
56 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 21, wherein said movable part of the shunt section comprises an enlarged end portion which in the closed position of said movable part surrounds the free end of said inlet end portion in spaced relation and is in tight engagement with a shoulder on said inlet end portion.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
49 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 19, further comprising liquid sensors applying signals to the control and computer means for controlling means for passing blood from the inlet section into the measuring section, said sensors being arranged downstream of said transitional storage container and said measuring means.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
30 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 14, and further comprising temperature control means for maintaining said measuring section and said fluid storage means at a substantially constant temperature.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
20 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 25, wherein said control means comprise air heating and air circulating means.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
28 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 25, wherein said temperature control means comprise heat accumulating means for heating a blood sample passing through said inlet section.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
21 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 19, wherein said inlet and measuring sections are arranged in an upright position.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
43 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 16, further comprising means for measuring gas pressure in said fluid storage means and including a transducer for converting the measured pressure values into electrical signals to be transmitted to said control and computer means.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
179 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer comprising: a. conduit means having a blood sample inlet section and a measuring section, saId measuring section having self-operated measuring means including electrodes for measuring indications for pH, PO2 and PCO2, and a photometer device for measuring the hemoglobin contents of a sample of whole blood, b. means for discharging said blood sample from the measuring section when measurements have been performed by said measuring means, c. rinsing fluid storage means, d. means for flowing rinsing fluid from said storage means through said measuring and inlet conduit sections, e. calibrating fluid storage means, f. means for flowing amounts of calibrating fluids from said storage means into said measuring section, g. means for discharging said amounts of calibrating fluids from the measuring section, and h. self-operated control means including computer means for automatically controlling the operational sequence of said flow means and discharge means, and for automatically converting the indications measured by said measuring means to values based on calibration values obtained by measuring the corresponding indications for said calibrating fluids in said measuring section.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
179 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer comprising: a. conduit means having a blood sample inlet section and a measuring section, saId measuring section having self-operated measuring means including electrodes for measuring indications for pH, PO2 and PCO2, and a photometer device for measuring the hemoglobin contents of a sample of whole blood, b. means for discharging said blood sample from the measuring section when measurements have been performed by said measuring means, c. rinsing fluid storage means, d. means for flowing rinsing fluid from said storage means through said measuring and inlet conduit sections, e. calibrating fluid storage means, f. means for flowing amounts of calibrating fluids from said storage means into said measuring section, g. means for discharging said amounts of calibrating fluids from the measuring section, and h. self-operated control means including computer means for automatically controlling the operational sequence of said flow means and discharge means, and for automatically converting the indications measured by said measuring means to values based on calibration values obtained by measuring the corresponding indications for said calibrating fluids in said measuring section.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
35 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 30, wherein said calibrating fluid storage means comprise two storage containers for calibrating liquids and means for equilibrating said calibrating liquids with gas mixtures of known composition.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
26 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 31, further comprising means for flowing a sample of blood from said inlet section into said measuring section.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
33 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 32, wherein said means for flowing calibrating and rinsing fluid and said means for moving and discharging blood and calibrating fluid comprise common pumping means.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
18 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 33, wherein said inlet section comprises walls having transparent portions.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
33 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 33, wherein said conduit means further comprise a drainage section, said inlet section comprising a transitional storage chamber to which said drainage section is connected.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
19 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 35, wherein said transitional storage chamber comprises walls having transparent portions.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
78 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 35, wherein said conduit means further comprise a shunt section connecting said drainage section and an end portion of the inlet section, the part of the shunt section adjacent to the inlet end portion comprising a movable part movable between a closed position in which said movable part communicates with the inlet end portion, and an open position in which the shunt section is separated from the inlet end portion.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
36 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 37, further comprising switch means for starting the operational sequence of the analyzer, said switch means comprising means operated by moving said mavable part of the shunt section.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
56 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 37, wherein said movable part of the shunt section comprises an enlarged end portion which in the closed position of said movable part surrounds the free end of said inlet end portion in spaced relation and is in tight engagement with a shoulder on said inlet end portion.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
51 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 35, further comprising blood sensors for applying signals to the control and computer means for controlling the means for passing blood from the inlet section into the measuring section, said sensors being arranged downstream of said transitional storage container and said measuring means.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
30 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 31 and further comprising temperature control means for maintaining said measuring section and said fluid storage means at a substantially constant temperature.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
20 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 41, wherein saiD control means comprise air heating and air circulating means.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
28 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 41, wherein said temperature control means comprise heat accumulating means for heating a blood sample passing through said inlet section.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
21 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 35, wherein said inlet and measuring sections are arranged in an upright position.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
42 words
An automatic blood sample analyzer according to claim 31 further comprising means for measuring gas pressure in said storage containers and including a transducer for converting the measured pressure values into electrical signals to be transmitted to said control and computer means.
Claim 50
Independent Claim
130 words
An apparatus for measuring indications for blood parameters including pH, PO2, and PCO2, said apparatus comprising: a. electrodes for measuring indications of blood parameters and converting them into electrical signals, b. self-operated calibrating means for use in calibrating said measuring electrodes, said calibrating means comprising means for equilibrating first and second calibrating liquids with different gas mixtures of known composition, c. self-operated means for moving said equilibrated calibrating fluids separately and at intervals into contact with said electrodes so as to enable said electrodes to perform calibration measurements thereon, and d. computer means for converting said measured indications into easily conceivable units, said computer means comprising means to store calibrating measurement signals received from said electrodes and to base the conversion of measured indications on the stored calibrating measurement signals.
Claim 51
Independent Claim
130 words
An apparatus for measuring indications for blood parameters including pH, PO2, and PCO2, said apparatus comprising: a. electrodes for measuring indications of blood parameters and converting them into electrical signals, b. self-operated calibrating means for use in calibrating said measuring electrodes, said calibrating means comprising means for equilibrating first and second calibrating liquids with different gas mixtures of known composition, c. self-operated means for moving said equilibrated calibrating fluids separately and at intervals into contact with said electrodes so as to enable said electrodes to perform calibration measurements thereon, and d. computer means for converting said measured indications into easily conceivable units, said computer means comprising means to store calibrating measurement signals received from said electrodes and to base the conversion of measured indications on the stored calibrating measurement signals.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
53 words
An apparatus according to claim 46, further comprising means for measuring the gas pressure above said equilibrated calibrating liquids, and a transducer for converting the measured pressure values into electrical signals, said computer means comprising means to store electrical signals received from said transducer and to base the conversion of measured indications thereon.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
21 words
An apparatus according to claim 46, further comprising photometric means for measuring the hemoglobin contents of a sample of whole blood.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US2763422A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-03-31 | 1978-09-30 | 1979-04-01 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-03-31 | 1982-09-30 | 1983-04-01 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-03-31 | 1986-09-30 | 1987-04-01 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |