US3872039A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Cellulosic materials internally sized with low molecular weight copolymers of alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated hydrophobic monomers and ammoniated carboxylic acid comonomers
Assignee: Dow Chemical Co
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Filing: 1974-02-01
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Granted: 1975-03-18
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Expires: 1994-02-01
Abstract
Abstract Cellulosic materials such as paper are internally sized by treating fibers of the cellulosic material, e.g., paper pulp, with a low molecular weight copolymer of an Alpha , Beta ethylenically unsaturated hydrophobic monomer and an ammoniated, Alpha , Beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and a cationic retention aid. Internal sizing of the cellulosic material by this method can be carried out under acidic, neutral or basic conditions.
Inventors
- 👤 Walter Lee Vaughn
- 👤 Robert James Beam
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 13:00
CPC Classifications
D; D21; D21H; D21H17/00; D21H17/20; D21H17/33; D21H17/34; D21H17/41; D21H17/42; D21H17/43; D21H17/35
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 23
Claim 1
Independent Claim
75 words
IN A METHOD FOR INTERNAL SIZING OF A CELLULOSIC MATERIAL WHEREIN AN INTERNAL SIZING AGENT AND A RETENTION AID ARE APPLIED TO THE FIBERS OF THE CELLULOSIC MATERIAL, THE IMPROVEMENT WHEREIN THE INTERNAL SIZING AGENT IS A WATER-DISPERSIBLE, WATERAND ALKALI-INSOLUBLE COPOLYMER OF AN A,B-ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED HYDROPHOBIC MONOMER AND AN AMMONIATED A,BETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACID, SAID COPOLYMER HAVING A NUMBER AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT AS DETERMINED BY EBULLIOMETRY IN THE RANGE FROM ABOUT 1,000 TO ABOUT 10,000.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
75 words
IN A METHOD FOR INTERNAL SIZING OF A CELLULOSIC MATERIAL WHEREIN AN INTERNAL SIZING AGENT AND A RETENTION AID ARE APPLIED TO THE FIBERS OF THE CELLULOSIC MATERIAL, THE IMPROVEMENT WHEREIN THE INTERNAL SIZING AGENT IS A WATER-DISPERSIBLE, WATERAND ALKALI-INSOLUBLE COPOLYMER OF AN A,B-ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED HYDROPHOBIC MONOMER AND AN AMMONIATED A,BETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACID, SAID COPOLYMER HAVING A NUMBER AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT AS DETERMINED BY EBULLIOMETRY IN THE RANGE FROM ABOUT 1,000 TO ABOUT 10,000.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
12 words
The improvement according to claim 1 wherein the cellulosic material is pulp.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
18 words
The improvement according to claim 1 wherein the hydrophobic monomer is an Alpha , Beta -ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
20 words
The improvement according to claim 3 wherein the hydrocarbon is an aliphatic Alpha -monoolefin having 2 to 14 carbon atoms.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
13 words
The improvement according to claim 4 wherein the aliphatic Alpha -monoolefin in ethylene.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
13 words
The improvement according to claim 1 wherein the carboxylic acid is acrylic acid.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
13 words
The improvement according to claim 1 wherein the carboxylic acid is methacrylic acid.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
17 words
The improvement according to claim 5 wherein the copolymer is film-forming under the conditions of internal sizing.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
41 words
The improvement of claim 8 wherein the copolymer has a number average molecular weight in the range from about 3000 to about 8000 and contains from about 10 to about 20 weight percent of Alpha , Beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
18 words
The improvement according to claim 8 wherein the retention aid is the reaction product of ammonia and epihalohydrin.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
31 words
The improvement of claim 10 wherein the reaction product has at least one molecular weight peak as determined by gel permeation chromatography in the range from about 2000 to about 70,000.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
14 words
The improvement according to claim 8 wherein the retention aid is a cationic starch.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
14 words
The improvement according to claim 8 wherein the retention aid is a polyalkylene polyamine.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
12 words
The improvement according to claim 8 wherein the retention aid is polyethyleneimine.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
13 words
The improvement according to claim 8 wherein the retention aid is a polyacRylamide.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
14 words
The improvement according to claim 8 wherein the retention aid is a polyamidepichlorohydrin resin.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
21 words
The improvement according to claim 1 wherein the cellulosic material is internally sized under conditions of pH of at least 7.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
86 words
An internal sizing composition for a cellulosic material comprising a sizing amount of a water-dispersible, water- and alkali-insoluble copolymer of an Alpha , Beta -ethylenically unsaturated hydrophobic monomer and an ammoniated Alpha , Beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, said copolymer containing from about 6 to about 40 weight percent of the ammoniated carboxylic acid and having a number average molecular weight in the range from about 1,000 to about 10,000 and an amount of a retention aid effetive to retain the copolymer on the cellulosic material.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
86 words
An internal sizing composition for a cellulosic material comprising a sizing amount of a water-dispersible, water- and alkali-insoluble copolymer of an Alpha , Beta -ethylenically unsaturated hydrophobic monomer and an ammoniated Alpha , Beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, said copolymer containing from about 6 to about 40 weight percent of the ammoniated carboxylic acid and having a number average molecular weight in the range from about 1,000 to about 10,000 and an amount of a retention aid effetive to retain the copolymer on the cellulosic material.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
14 words
The composition according to claim 18 wherein the retention aid is a cationic starch.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
19 words
The composition according to claim 18 wherein the hydrophobic monomer is ethylene and the carboxylic acid is acrylic acid.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
17 words
The composition of claim 18 wherein a reaction product of epihalohydrin and ammonia is the retention aid.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-03-17 | 1978-09-16 | 1979-03-18 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-03-17 | 1982-09-16 | 1983-03-18 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-03-17 | 1986-09-16 | 1987-03-18 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |