US3869381A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Process and apparatus for chemical conditioning of water
Assignee: DWARS ING BUREAU
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Filing: 1973-03-28
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Granted: 1975-03-04
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Expires: 1993-03-28
Abstract
Abstract Water is conditioned by rendering it alkaline by addition of an alkali metal hydroxide in a grain reactor with a fluidized granular bed, in which reactor the water and the alkaline solution are introduced separately in such a manner that the outflow direction of the water forms an angle with the general current direction in the reactor and that the alkali metal hydroxide solution discharges into the reactor above the level of the water discharge openings. The hydroxide is preferably sodium hydroxide.
Inventors
- 👤 Antonie Graveland
- 👤 Wouter Louis Prinsen Geerligs
- 👤 Mohamad Ali Arafien Soleman
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 03:50
CPC Classifications
C; C02; C02F; C02F1/00; C02F1/52; C02F1/5281; C02F5/00; C02F5/02
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 19
Claim 1
Independent Claim
90 words
A PROCESS FOR CHEMICAL CONDITIONING OF WATER CONTAINING HARDNESS CONSTITUENTS COMPRISING ADDING A SOLUTION OF AN ALKALI METAL HYDROXIDE TO THE WATER IN A REACTOR WITH A FLUIDIZED GRANULAR BED AND REMOVING THE HARDNESS CONSISTUENTS IN GRANULAR FORM, WHEREIN THE WATER AND THE ALKALI METAL HYDROXIDE SOLUTION ARE SEPARATELY INJECTED INTO THE REACTOR IN SUCH A MANNER THAT THE OUTFLOW DIRECTION OF THE WATER FORMS AN ANGLE WITH THE GENERAL CURRENT DIRECTION IN THE REACTOR AND THE ALKALI METAL HYDROXIDE SOLUTION DISCHARGES ABOVE THE LEVEL OF THE WATER DISCHARGE OPENINGS.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
90 words
A PROCESS FOR CHEMICAL CONDITIONING OF WATER CONTAINING HARDNESS CONSTITUENTS COMPRISING ADDING A SOLUTION OF AN ALKALI METAL HYDROXIDE TO THE WATER IN A REACTOR WITH A FLUIDIZED GRANULAR BED AND REMOVING THE HARDNESS CONSISTUENTS IN GRANULAR FORM, WHEREIN THE WATER AND THE ALKALI METAL HYDROXIDE SOLUTION ARE SEPARATELY INJECTED INTO THE REACTOR IN SUCH A MANNER THAT THE OUTFLOW DIRECTION OF THE WATER FORMS AN ANGLE WITH THE GENERAL CURRENT DIRECTION IN THE REACTOR AND THE ALKALI METAL HYDROXIDE SOLUTION DISCHARGES ABOVE THE LEVEL OF THE WATER DISCHARGE OPENINGS.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein the alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein the alkali metal hydroxide solution and the water discharge into the reactor at several places simultaneously.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process according to claim 3, wherein the alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process according to claim 3, wherein the water and the alkali metal hydroxide solution are injected into the reactor from the bottom.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
35 words
A process according to claim 1, wherein the water and the alkali metal hydroxide solution discharge into the reactor at an angle with respect to the general current direction of the liquid in the reactor.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process according to claim 6, wherein the angle between the discharge direction and the general current direction amounts to 90*.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process according to claim 6, wherein the alkali metal hydroxide solution discharges into the reactor within a ring of discharged water streams.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
137 words
A reactor for chemical conditioning of water with a solution of a chemical comprising a chamber adapted to maintain a fluidized granular bed, said chamber provided with a bottom inlet for the water, and a bottom inlet for the chemical solution, an upper inlet for the granular material constituting the fluidized bed, an upper outlet for the conditioned water and a bottom outlet for precipitated granular material, wherein the water inlet comprises at least one water spray nozzle having water discharge channels oriented in such a manner that the center line of these channels forms an angle with the general upward direction of water flow in the reactor and wherein the chemical solution inlet comprises at least one chemical solution spray nozzle having chemical solution discharge channels positioned at a higher level than the water discharge channels.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
137 words
A reactor for chemical conditioning of water with a solution of a chemical comprising a chamber adapted to maintain a fluidized granular bed, said chamber provided with a bottom inlet for the water, and a bottom inlet for the chemical solution, an upper inlet for the granular material constituting the fluidized bed, an upper outlet for the conditioned water and a bottom outlet for precipitated granular material, wherein the water inlet comprises at least one water spray nozzle having water discharge channels oriented in such a manner that the center line of these channels forms an angle with the general upward direction of water flow in the reactor and wherein the chemical solution inlet comprises at least one chemical solution spray nozzle having chemical solution discharge channels positioned at a higher level than the water discharge channels.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
20 words
A reactor according to claim 9, wherein several separate hydroxide spray nozzles and several separate water spray nozzles are provided.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
41 words
A reactor according to claim 10, wherein the discharge channels of the hydroxide solution spray nozzles are also oriented In such a manner that their center line forms an angle with the general current direction of the liquid in the reactor.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
31 words
A reactor according to claim 10, wherein the angle between the center line of the discharge channels and the general current direction of the liquid in the reactor amounts to 90*.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
35 words
A reactor according to claim 11, wherein the hydroxide solution spray nozzles are positioned concentrically within a ring of water discharge openings with respect to the general current direction of the liquid in the reactor.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
55 words
A reactor according to claim 9, wherein the reactor is provided with two separate chambers at the bottom side, one of which chambers serves for feeding water and the other serves for feeding hydroxide solution, which chambers are respectively connected with water and hydroxide solution feeding lines to the spray nozzles provided in the bottom.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
21 words
A reactor according to claim 14, wherein several separate hydroxide solution spray nozzles and several separate water spray nozzles are provided.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
16 words
A reactor according to claim 14, wherein the water chamber adjoins the bottom of the reactor.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
99 words
A reactor according to claim 16, wherein the reactor comprises a cylindrical container in which both chambers are formed by two partitions provided in the container, and wherein the spray nozzles are provided in the second partition above the container bottom, which second partition forms the factual reactor bottom, while the water feeding lines to the spray nozzles are directly connected with the water chamber immediately below and the hydroxide solution chamber which is below this water chamber is connected with the hydroxide solution feeding lines of the hydroxide solution spray nozzles through channels passing through the water chamber.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-03-03 | 1978-09-02 | 1979-03-04 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-03-03 | 1982-09-02 | 1983-03-04 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-03-03 | 1986-09-02 | 1987-03-04 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |