Patent US2130245A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3854972A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Light-weight aggregates
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1973-05-07
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Granted: 1974-12-17
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Expires: 1993-05-07
Abstract
Abstract A process for producing light-weight aggregate by treating primary material such as mud or soil wherein the primary material is dried if necessary and crushed prior to firing in a kiln, together with the step of treating the material to initiate or assist in the bloating of the aggregate. One such manner from which the primary material may be so treated comprises mixing with the primary material, prior to crushing thereof, combustible particulate material such as sawdust, shredded grass, straw or the like.
Inventors
- 👤 M Kratochvil
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-06 16:07
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09C; C09C1/00; C04; C04B; C04B20/00; C04B20/02; C04B20/04; C04B20/06; C04B20/068; C01; C01P; C01P2004/00; C01P2004/50
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 12
Claim 1
Independent Claim
146 words
IN A PROCESS FOR TREATING A COARSE GRAINED MUD OR SOIL HAVING A RELATIVELY LARGE QUANTITY OF MATERIAL WITH A GRAIN SIZE LARGER THAN THE ORDER OF 5 TO 7 MICRONS AND CONTAINING ORGANIC OR MINERAL DETRITUS OR WASTE THAT IS GASIFIABLE DURING FIRING OF THE DRY CRUSHED MUD OR SOIL IN A KILN AT A FIRING TEMPERATURE SUFFICIENT TO SINTER THE MUD OR SOIL AND TO CAUSE GASIFICATION OF SAID ORGANIC OR MINERAL DETRITUS OR WASTE WITH BLOATING OF THE MUD OR SOIL TO PRODUCE VOIDS THEREIN TO FORM A LIGHT WEIGHT AGGREGATE, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING: FORMING VOIDS WITHIN SAID MUD OR SOIL PRIOR TO OR DURING SAID FIRSING WHICH VOIDS ARE IN ADDITION TO VOIDS FORMED THROUGH GASIFICATION OF SAID ORGANIC OR MINERAL DETRITUS OR WASTE, WHEREBY SAID COARSE GRAINED MUD OR SOIL IS MADE USABLE IN THE FORMATION OF A LIGHT WEIGHT AGGREGATE.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
146 words
IN A PROCESS FOR TREATING A COARSE GRAINED MUD OR SOIL HAVING A RELATIVELY LARGE QUANTITY OF MATERIAL WITH A GRAIN SIZE LARGER THAN THE ORDER OF 5 TO 7 MICRONS AND CONTAINING ORGANIC OR MINERAL DETRITUS OR WASTE THAT IS GASIFIABLE DURING FIRING OF THE DRY CRUSHED MUD OR SOIL IN A KILN AT A FIRING TEMPERATURE SUFFICIENT TO SINTER THE MUD OR SOIL AND TO CAUSE GASIFICATION OF SAID ORGANIC OR MINERAL DETRITUS OR WASTE WITH BLOATING OF THE MUD OR SOIL TO PRODUCE VOIDS THEREIN TO FORM A LIGHT WEIGHT AGGREGATE, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING: FORMING VOIDS WITHIN SAID MUD OR SOIL PRIOR TO OR DURING SAID FIRSING WHICH VOIDS ARE IN ADDITION TO VOIDS FORMED THROUGH GASIFICATION OF SAID ORGANIC OR MINERAL DETRITUS OR WASTE, WHEREBY SAID COARSE GRAINED MUD OR SOIL IS MADE USABLE IN THE FORMATION OF A LIGHT WEIGHT AGGREGATE.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
38 words
The process of claim 1 including drying said mud or soil which contains water in a shallow container at a temperature above the boiling point of water to form trapped steam bubbles within the dried mud or soil.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
43 words
The process of claim 1 including heating said mud or soil which contains water, and spraying said heated material through the air against an obstruction to produce drying and partial hardening of the material and formation of trapped steam bubbles within the material.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
51 words
The process of claim 1 including admixing combustible particulate material with said mud or soil prior to crushing, whereby said combustible material is gasified during firing to produce voids in the heat bloated material in addition to voids resulting from gasification of said organic or mineral detritus or waste during firing.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
56 words
The process of claim 1 including admixing aluminum powder with said mud or soil, and adding an alkali to the admixture to form gas bubbles therein, whereby said bubbles promote the formation of voids within said mud or soil which are in addition to voids produced by gasification of said organic or mineral detritus during firing.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
50 words
The process of claim 2 including admixing combustible particulate material with said mud or soil prior to crushing, whereby said combustible material is gasified during firing to produce voids in the heat bloated material in addition to the voids produced by gasification of said organic or mineral detritus or waste.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
50 words
The process of claim 3 including admixing combustible particulate material with said mud or soil prior to crushing, whereby said combustible material is gasified during firing to produce voids in the heat bloated material in addition to the voids produced by gasification of said organic or mineral detritus or waste.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
56 words
The process of claim 2 including admixing aluminum powder with said mud or soil, and adding an alkali to the admixture to form gas bubbles therein, whereby said bubbles promote the formation of voids within said mud or soil which are in addition to voids formed through gasification of said organic or mineral detritus during firing.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
58 words
The process of claim 3 including admixing aluminum powder with said mud or soil, and adding an alkali to the admixture to form gas bubbles therein, whereby said bubbles promote the formation of voids within said mud or soil which are in addition to voids formed through gasification of said organic or mineral detritus or waste during firing.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 5 wherein said alkali is lime.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 5 wherein said alkali is caustic soda.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1977-12-16 | 1978-06-17 | 1978-12-17 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1981-12-16 | 1982-06-17 | 1982-12-17 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1985-12-16 | 1986-06-17 | 1986-12-17 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |