US3853673A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Strengthened glass articles and methods using glass precursor ion exchange medium
Assignee: OI Glass Inc
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Filing: 1973-04-30
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Granted: 1974-12-10
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Expires: 1993-04-30
Abstract
Abstract A strengthened glass article is prepared by applying to the surface of the article a glass precursor that is (A) a clear solution of a hydrolyzable metalloxane that is preferably a metallosiloxane that is capable of being further hydrolyzed to a cross-linked polymetalloxane or polymetallosiloxane or (B) a cross-linked polymetalloxane that is a polymetallosiloxane that has a gel structure, the cross-linked polymetallosiloxane as defined in parts A and B being prepared by reacting a metal alkoxide such as silicon alkoxide, optionally a metal alkoxide such as an aluminum alkoxide and a precursor of an alkali metal oxide such as potassium acetate, the alkali metal ion of the alkali metal oxide being larger than the alkali metal ion in the glass; and maintaining the glass article and the glass precursor at an elevated temperature sufficiently high to provide a compressive stress layer in the glass article to produce the strengthened article.
Inventors
- 👤 L Levene
- 👤 I Thomas
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 21:01
CPC Classifications
C; C03; C03C; C03C21/00; C03C21/001; C03C21/002; C03C17/00; C03C17/02
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 45
Claim 1
Independent Claim
45 words
IN A METHOD OF STRENGTHENING A SILICATE GLAS ARTICLE CONTAINING ALKALI METAL IONS IN WHICH THE ALKALI METAL IONS IN THE SURFACELAYER OF THE GLASS ARE REPLACED BY DIFFERENT ALKALI METAL IONS FROM AN EXTERNAL SOURCE AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING THE STEPS OF:
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
45 words
IN A METHOD OF STRENGTHENING A SILICATE GLAS ARTICLE CONTAINING ALKALI METAL IONS IN WHICH THE ALKALI METAL IONS IN THE SURFACELAYER OF THE GLASS ARE REPLACED BY DIFFERENT ALKALI METAL IONS FROM AN EXTERNAL SOURCE AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING THE STEPS OF:
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
72 words
APPLYING TO THE SURFACE OF THE GLASS ARTICLE A GLASS PERCURSOR THAT IS (A) A CLEAR SOLUTION OF A SOLUBLE, FURTHER HYDROLYZABLE METALLOSILOXANE THAT IS CAPABLE OF BEING FURTHER HYDROLYZED TO A CROSS-LINKED POLYMETALLOSILOXANE, THE SOLUBLE, FURTHER HYDROLYZABLE METALLOSILOXANE BEING FORMED FROM A SILICON ALKOXIDE AND A PRECURSOR OF AN ALKALI METAL OXIDE, THE ALKALI METAL OF THE ALKALI METAL OXIDE BEING LARGER THAN THE ALKALI METAL ION IN THE GLASS; AND
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
72 words
APPLYING TO THE SURFACE OF THE GLASS ARTICLE A GLASS PERCURSOR THAT IS (A) A CLEAR SOLUTION OF A SOLUBLE, FURTHER HYDROLYZABLE METALLOSILOXANE THAT IS CAPABLE OF BEING FURTHER HYDROLYZED TO A CROSS-LINKED POLYMETALLOSILOXANE, THE SOLUBLE, FURTHER HYDROLYZABLE METALLOSILOXANE BEING FORMED FROM A SILICON ALKOXIDE AND A PRECURSOR OF AN ALKALI METAL OXIDE, THE ALKALI METAL OF THE ALKALI METAL OXIDE BEING LARGER THAN THE ALKALI METAL ION IN THE GLASS; AND
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
92 words
MAINTAINING THE GLASS ARTICLE AND THE GLASS PRECURSOR AT AN ELEVATE TEMPERATURE SUFFICIENTLY HIGH TO CONVERT THE METALLOSILOXANE AS DEFINED IN PART (A) TO A CROSS-LINKED POLYMETALLOSILOXANE GEL STRUCTURE AND A GLASS STRUCTURE CONTAINING THE ALKALI METAL ION THAT IS LARGER THAN THE ALKALI METAL ION IN THE GLASS, THE MAINTAINING OF THE GLASS ARTICLE AT THE ELEVATED TEMPERATURE BEIG FOR A PERIOD OF TIME SUFFICIENT TO FORM A COMPRESSIVE STRESS LAYER IN THE GLASS ARTICLE FROM THE GLASS PRECURSOR FORMED FROM THE CROSS-LINKED POLYMETALLOSILOXANE TO THEREBY PRODUCE A STRENGTHENED GLASS ARTICLE.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
92 words
MAINTAINING THE GLASS ARTICLE AND THE GLASS PRECURSOR AT AN ELEVATE TEMPERATURE SUFFICIENTLY HIGH TO CONVERT THE METALLOSILOXANE AS DEFINED IN PART (A) TO A CROSS-LINKED POLYMETALLOSILOXANE GEL STRUCTURE AND A GLASS STRUCTURE CONTAINING THE ALKALI METAL ION THAT IS LARGER THAN THE ALKALI METAL ION IN THE GLASS, THE MAINTAINING OF THE GLASS ARTICLE AT THE ELEVATED TEMPERATURE BEIG FOR A PERIOD OF TIME SUFFICIENT TO FORM A COMPRESSIVE STRESS LAYER IN THE GLASS ARTICLE FROM THE GLASS PRECURSOR FORMED FROM THE CROSS-LINKED POLYMETALLOSILOXANE TO THEREBY PRODUCE A STRENGTHENED GLASS ARTICLE.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
27 words
heating the resultant precursor of step (C) to a temperature and for a time sufficient to convert the same to a homogenous mixture of metal oxides; and
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
27 words
heating the resultant precursor of step (C) to a temperature and for a time sufficient to convert the same to a homogenous mixture of metal oxides; and
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
17 words
converting the glass precursor to a homogenous mixture of metal oxides to form a coating thereon; and
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
17 words
converting the glass precursor to a homogenous mixture of metal oxides to form a coating thereon; and
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
92 words
maintaining the glass article and the glass precursor at an elevated temperature sufficiently high to convert the metallosiloxane as defined in part (A) to a cross-linked polymetallosiloxane gel structure and a glass structure containing the alkali metal ion that is larger than the alkali metal ion in the glass, the maintaining of the glass article at the elevated temperature being for a period of time sufficient to form a compressive stress layer in the glass article from the glass precursor formed from the cross-linked polymetallosiloxane to thereby produce a strengthened glass article.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
92 words
maintaining the glass article and the glass precursor at an elevated temperature sufficiently high to convert the metallosiloxane as defined in part (A) to a cross-linked polymetallosiloxane gel structure and a glass structure containing the alkali metal ion that is larger than the alkali metal ion in the glass, the maintaining of the glass article at the elevated temperature being for a period of time sufficient to form a compressive stress layer in the glass article from the glass precursor formed from the cross-linked polymetallosiloxane to thereby produce a strengthened glass article.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
69 words
maintaining the glass article and the glass precursor at an elevated temperature sufficiently high to convert the metallosiloxane having a gel structure to a glass structure, the maintaining of the glass article at the elevated temperature being for a period of time sufficient to form a compressive stress layer in the glass article from the glass precursor that is the cross-linked polymetallosiloxane to thereby produce a strengthened glass article.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
69 words
maintaining the glass article and the glass precursor at an elevated temperature sufficiently high to convert the metallosiloxane having a gel structure to a glass structure, the maintaining of the glass article at the elevated temperature being for a period of time sufficient to form a compressive stress layer in the glass article from the glass precursor that is the cross-linked polymetallosiloxane to thereby produce a strengthened glass article.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
46 words
In a method of strengthening a silicate glass article containing alkali metal ions in which the alkali metal ions in the Surface layer of the glass are replaced by different alkali metal ions from an external source at elevated temperatures, the improvement comprising the steps of:
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
46 words
In a method of strengthening a silicate glass article containing alkali metal ions in which the alkali metal ions in the Surface layer of the glass are replaced by different alkali metal ions from an external source at elevated temperatures, the improvement comprising the steps of:
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
32 words
heating the resultant precursor coating of step 1 for a time sufficient to convert the same to a glass coating at a temperature below the annealing temperature of the glass article; and
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
32 words
heating the resultant precursor coating of step 1 for a time sufficient to convert the same to a glass coating at a temperature below the annealing temperature of the glass article; and
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
46 words
In a method of strengthening a silicate glass article containing alkali metal ions in which the alkali metal ions in the surface layer of the glass are replaced by different alkali metal ions from an external source at elevated temperatures, the improvement comprising the steps of:
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
46 words
In a method of strengthening a silicate glass article containing alkali metal ions in which the alkali metal ions in the surface layer of the glass are replaced by different alkali metal ions from an external source at elevated temperatures, the improvement comprising the steps of:
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
60 words
maintaining the glass article and the glass coating thereon at an elevated temperature not substantially above the strain point of the glass article and at an elevated temperature for a period of time sufficient to provide a compressive stress layer in the glass article from the glass coating formed from the glass precursor to thereby produce a strengthened glass article.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
60 words
maintaining the glass article and the glass coating thereon at an elevated temperature not substantially above the strain point of the glass article and at an elevated temperature for a period of time sufficient to provide a compressive stress layer in the glass article from the glass coating formed from the glass precursor to thereby produce a strengthened glass article.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
64 words
maintaining the glass article and the glass precursor at an elevated temperature sufficiently high and for a period of time sufficient to provide a compressive stress layer in the glass article from the glass precursor containing the alkali metal oxide that has the alkali metal ion that is larger than the alkali metal ion in the glass to thereby produce a strengthened glass article.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
64 words
maintaining the glass article and the glass precursor at an elevated temperature sufficiently high and for a period of time sufficient to provide a compressive stress layer in the glass article from the glass precursor containing the alkali metal oxide that has the alkali metal ion that is larger than the alkali metal ion in the glass to thereby produce a strengthened glass article.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
49 words
heating and maintaining the glass article and the mixture of metal oxides at an elevated temperature sufficiently high and for a period of time to provide a compressive stress surface layer in the glass article from the mixture of the metal oxides to thereby produce a strengthened glass article.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
49 words
heating and maintaining the glass article and the mixture of metal oxides at an elevated temperature sufficiently high and for a period of time to provide a compressive stress surface layer in the glass article from the mixture of the metal oxides to thereby produce a strengthened glass article.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
48 words
A method for strengthening a silicate glass article containing alkali metal ions in the surface layer thereof which are replaced by different alkali metal ions from an external source and elevated in temperatures not substantially above the strain point of the glass, the method comprising the steps of:
Claim 28
Independent Claim
48 words
A method for strengthening a silicate glass article containing alkali metal ions in the surface layer thereof which are replaced by different alkali metal ions from an external source and elevated in temperatures not substantially above the strain point of the glass, the method comprising the steps of:
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
49 words
A method as defined in claim 4 in which there is also reacted with the metallosiloxane and the additional water in step (C) a metal compound which decomposes to an oxide below about 600*C. the metal compound being an alkali metal compound that decomposes to an alkali metal oxide.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method as defined in claim 5 in which the alkali metal compound is an alkali metal acetate.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method as defined in claim 6 in which the alkali metal compound is potassium acetate.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method as defined in claim 6 in which the alkali metal compound is sodium acetate.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method as defined in claim 6 in which the alkali metal compound is rubidium acetate.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method as defined in claim 6 in which the alkali metal compound is cesium acetate.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method as defined in claim 4 in which the silicon alkoxide is ethyl orthosilicate.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method as defined in claim 4 in which the silicon alkoxide is methyl orthosilicate.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method as defined in claim 4 in which the metal alkoxide is aluminum sec. butoxide.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method as defined in claim 4 in which the precursor of the alkali metal oxide is an alkali metal acetate.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method as defined in claim 14 in which the alkali metal acetate is sodium acetate.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method as defined in claim 14 in which the alkali metal acetate is potassium acetate.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method as defined in claim 4 in which the glass precursor provides a glass of the following approximate composition:
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method as defined in claim 4 in which the silicate glass article has the following approximate composition:
Claim 43
Independent Claim
60 words
A method of strengthening a silicate glass article containing alkali metal ions in which the alkali metal ions of the surface layer are replaced by different alkali metal ions from an external source at elevated temperatures, in which the different alkali metal ions are larger than the alkali metal ions of the surface layer, the method comprising the steps of:
Claim 44
Independent Claim
60 words
A method of strengthening a silicate glass article containing alkali metal ions in which the alkali metal ions of the surface layer are replaced by different alkali metal ions from an external source at elevated temperatures, in which the different alkali metal ions are larger than the alkali metal ions of the surface layer, the method comprising the steps of:
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
10 words
A strengthened glass article made by the method of claim
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3481726A
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US3459673A
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US3743491A
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US3640093A
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US3759683A
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US3582395A
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1977-12-09 | 1978-06-10 | 1978-12-10 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1981-12-09 | 1982-06-10 | 1982-12-10 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1985-12-09 | 1986-06-10 | 1986-12-10 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |