US3853624A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
High energy density iron-nickel battery
Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Filing: 1972-04-20
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Granted: 1974-12-10
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Expires: 1992-04-20
Abstract
Abstract An iron-nickel storage battery, consisting of at least one negative electrode plate and at least one positive electrode plate housed in a case containing an alkaline electrolyte is made by (1) depositing iron active material and nickel active material within the pore volume of flexible, expansible, 75 to 95 percent porous metal fiber plaques, to provide positive and negative plates; the iron active material comprising iron particles and an additive of either sulfur, selenium or tellurium and the nickel active material comprising nickel hydroxide precipitate, (2) alternately stacking the positive and negative plates with a separator between each plate, (3) placing the stacked plates into a case, (4) filling the case with an alkaline electrolyte, and (5) attaching cover with associated terminals and insulators to the top of the case.
Inventors
- 👤 J Brown
- 👤 W Feduska
- 👤 C Hardman
- 👤 W Pollack
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 09:21
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M4/00; H01M4/02; H01M4/04; H01M4/0438; H01M4/0459; H01M10/00; H01M10/24; H01M10/30; H01M4/24; H01M4/36; H01M4/362; H01M4/364; H01M4/62; H01M4/624; H01M4/626; H01M4/64; H01M4/70; H01M4/72; H01M4/74; H01M4/80; H01M4/806; H01M2004/026; H01M2004/027; H01M2004/028; H01M4/049; H01M4/0497; H01M4/48; H01M4/52; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/10; Y02P; Y02P70/00; Y02P70/50
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 45
Claim 1
Independent Claim
15 words
AN IRON NICKEL STORAGE BATTERY COMPRISING A CASE AND A COVER WITHIN WHICH IS DISPOSED:
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
15 words
AN IRON NICKEL STORAGE BATTERY COMPRISING A CASE AND A COVER WITHIN WHICH IS DISPOSED:
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
83 words
AT LEAST ONE POSITIVE ELECTRODE PLATE COMPRISING: A. A FLEXIBLE, EXPANSIBLE, 75 TO 95 PERCENT POROUS PLAQUE MADE OF FINE, CONTACTING, METAL FIBERS HAVING UNMELTED METAL TO METAL BONDS OF THE FIBERS AT THEIR CONTACT POINTS BY AN INTERDIFFUSION OF METAL FIBER ATOMS ACROSS THE FIBER INTERFACE, THE BONDED FIBERS BEING FREE OF MELT PROTUBERANCES, AND AN ACTIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL COMPRISING NICKEL HYDROXIDE DISTRIBUTED UPON AND DISPOSED WITHIN THE PORE VOLUME OF THE PLAQUE B. AN ELECTRICAL LEAD TAB ATTACTED TO THE PLAQUE
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
83 words
AT LEAST ONE POSITIVE ELECTRODE PLATE COMPRISING: A. A FLEXIBLE, EXPANSIBLE, 75 TO 95 PERCENT POROUS PLAQUE MADE OF FINE, CONTACTING, METAL FIBERS HAVING UNMELTED METAL TO METAL BONDS OF THE FIBERS AT THEIR CONTACT POINTS BY AN INTERDIFFUSION OF METAL FIBER ATOMS ACROSS THE FIBER INTERFACE, THE BONDED FIBERS BEING FREE OF MELT PROTUBERANCES, AND AN ACTIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL COMPRISING NICKEL HYDROXIDE DISTRIBUTED UPON AND DISPOSED WITHIN THE PORE VOLUME OF THE PLAQUE B. AN ELECTRICAL LEAD TAB ATTACTED TO THE PLAQUE
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
111 words
AT LEAST ONE NEGATIVE ELECTRODE PLATE COMPRISING: A. A FLEXIBLE, EXPANSIBLE, 75 TO 95 PERCENT POROUS PLAQUE MADE OF FINE, CONTACTING, METAL FIBERS HAVING UNMELTED METAL TO METAL BONDS OF THE FIBERS AT THEIR CONTACT POINTS BY AN INTERDIFFUSION OF METAL FIBER ATOMS ACROSS THE FIBER INTERFACE, THE BONDED FIBERS BEING FREE OF MELT PROTUBERANCES, AND AN ACTIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL COMPRISING IRON OXIDE PARTICLES HAVING A FUSED COATING OF A SULFUR ADDITIVE SAID ADDITIVE BEING PRESENT UP TO ABOUT 20 PERCENT OF THE WEIGHT OF THE IRON PARTICLES, SAID ACTIVE MATERIAL DISTRIBUTED UPON AND DISPOSED WITHIN THE PORE VOLUME OF THE PLAQUE B. AN ELECTRICAL LEAD TAB ATTACHED TO THE PLAQUE
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
111 words
AT LEAST ONE NEGATIVE ELECTRODE PLATE COMPRISING: A. A FLEXIBLE, EXPANSIBLE, 75 TO 95 PERCENT POROUS PLAQUE MADE OF FINE, CONTACTING, METAL FIBERS HAVING UNMELTED METAL TO METAL BONDS OF THE FIBERS AT THEIR CONTACT POINTS BY AN INTERDIFFUSION OF METAL FIBER ATOMS ACROSS THE FIBER INTERFACE, THE BONDED FIBERS BEING FREE OF MELT PROTUBERANCES, AND AN ACTIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL COMPRISING IRON OXIDE PARTICLES HAVING A FUSED COATING OF A SULFUR ADDITIVE SAID ADDITIVE BEING PRESENT UP TO ABOUT 20 PERCENT OF THE WEIGHT OF THE IRON PARTICLES, SAID ACTIVE MATERIAL DISTRIBUTED UPON AND DISPOSED WITHIN THE PORE VOLUME OF THE PLAQUE B. AN ELECTRICAL LEAD TAB ATTACHED TO THE PLAQUE
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
111 words
at least one negative electrode plate comprising: a. a flexible, expansible, 75 to 95 percent porous plaque made of fine, contacting, metal fibers having unmelted metal to metal bonds of the fibers at their contact points by an interdiffusion of metal fiber atoms across the fiber interface, the bonded fibers being free of melt protuberances, and an active electrode material comprising iron oxide particles having a fused coating of a sulfur additive said additive being present up to about 20 percent of the weight of the iron particles, said active material distributed upon and disposed within the pore volume of the plaque b. an electrical lead tab attached to the plaque
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
111 words
at least one negative electrode plate comprising: a. a flexible, expansible, 75 to 95 percent porous plaque made of fine, contacting, metal fibers having unmelted metal to metal bonds of the fibers at their contact points by an interdiffusion of metal fiber atoms across the fiber interface, the bonded fibers being free of melt protuberances, and an active electrode material comprising iron oxide particles having a fused coating of a sulfur additive said additive being present up to about 20 percent of the weight of the iron particles, said active material distributed upon and disposed within the pore volume of the plaque b. an electrical lead tab attached to the plaque
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
48 words
The battery of claim 1 wherein the active material of the negative electrode plates comprises iron particles selected from the group consisting of iron oxide, iron oxide hydrate and mixtures thereof, and the active material of the positive electrode plate comprises Ni(OH)2, with a small amount of Co(OH)2.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
179 words
at least one negative electrode plate comprising: a. a flexible, expansible porous plaque consisting of fine, contacting, metal fibers selected from the group consisting of uncoated steel and iron having a long length to cross section ratio and unmelted metal to metal bonds of the fibers at their contact points said fibers being bonded in a protective atmosphere at temperatures up to the melting point of the fibers used, causing an interdiffusion of metal fiber atoms across the fiber interface, the bonded fibers being free of melt protuberances, the fibers having a nickel coating applied after bonding and an active electrode material consisting essentially of iron oxide particles having a fused coating of a sulfur additive, said additive being present up to about 20 percent of the weight of the iron particles, said active material distributed upon and disposed within the pore volume of the plaque b. an electrical lead tab attached to the plaque, wherein each positive tab connected to a positive terminal and each negative tab connected to a negative terminal, said terminals extending through the cover
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
179 words
at least one negative electrode plate comprising: a. a flexible, expansible porous plaque consisting of fine, contacting, metal fibers selected from the group consisting of uncoated steel and iron having a long length to cross section ratio and unmelted metal to metal bonds of the fibers at their contact points said fibers being bonded in a protective atmosphere at temperatures up to the melting point of the fibers used, causing an interdiffusion of metal fiber atoms across the fiber interface, the bonded fibers being free of melt protuberances, the fibers having a nickel coating applied after bonding and an active electrode material consisting essentially of iron oxide particles having a fused coating of a sulfur additive, said additive being present up to about 20 percent of the weight of the iron particles, said active material distributed upon and disposed within the pore volume of the plaque b. an electrical lead tab attached to the plaque, wherein each positive tab connected to a positive terminal and each negative tab connected to a negative terminal, said terminals extending through the cover
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
131 words
at least one negative electrode plate comprising: a. a flexible, expansible, porous plaque consisting of fine, contacting, metal fibers having unmelted metal to metal bonds of the fibers at their contact points by an interdiffusion of metal fiber atoms across the fiber interface, the bonded fibers being free of melt protuberances, and an active electrode material consisting essentially of iron oxide particles having a fused coating of sulfur, said sulfur being present up to about 20 percent of the weight of the iron particles, said active material distributed upon and disposed within the pore volume of the plaque b. an electrical lead tab attached to the plaque, wherein each positive tab connected to a positive terminal and each negative tab connected to a negative terminal, said terminals extending through the cover
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
131 words
at least one negative electrode plate comprising: a. a flexible, expansible, porous plaque consisting of fine, contacting, metal fibers having unmelted metal to metal bonds of the fibers at their contact points by an interdiffusion of metal fiber atoms across the fiber interface, the bonded fibers being free of melt protuberances, and an active electrode material consisting essentially of iron oxide particles having a fused coating of sulfur, said sulfur being present up to about 20 percent of the weight of the iron particles, said active material distributed upon and disposed within the pore volume of the plaque b. an electrical lead tab attached to the plaque, wherein each positive tab connected to a positive terminal and each negative tab connected to a negative terminal, said terminals extending through the cover
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
6 words
a separator between the plates, and
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
6 words
a separator between the plates, and
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
6 words
a separator between the plates, and
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
6 words
a separator between the plates, and
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
26 words
The battery of claim 2 wherein the additive is present in tHe range of about 5 to 20 percent of the weight of the iron particles.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
5 words
a separator between the plates
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
5 words
a separator between the plates
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
5 words
A SEPARATOR BETWEEN THE PLATES
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
5 words
A SEPARATOR BETWEEN THE PLATES
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
4 words
AN ALKALINE ELECTROLYTE, AND
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
4 words
AN ALKALINE ELECTROLYTE, AND
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
4 words
an alkaline electrolyte, and
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
4 words
an alkaline electrolyte, and
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
25 words
The battery of claim 2 wherein the plaque fibers are selected from the group consisting of nickel, nickel coated steel and nickel coated iron fibers.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
3 words
an alkaline electrolyte.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
3 words
an alkaline electrolyte.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
3 words
an alkaline electrolyte.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
3 words
an alkaline electrolyte.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
46 words
The battery of claim 2 wherein the lead tabs on the positive and negative plates are turned 180* from each other, each positive tab being connected to a positive terminal and each negative tab being connected to a negative terminal, said terminals extending through the cover.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
9 words
means for making electrical connections to the respective plates.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
9 words
means for making electrical connections to the respective plates.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
9 words
MEANS FOR MAKING ELECTRICAL CONNECTION TO THE RESPECTIVE PLATES.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
9 words
MEANS FOR MAKING ELECTRICAL CONNECTION TO THE RESPECTIVE PLATES.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
40 words
The battery of claim 2 wherein the electrolyte is KOH, the case has disposed therein a plurality of alternating positive and negative plates which are insulated from the case by a plastic sheet material, and the cover contains a vent.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
14 words
An iron-nickel storage battery comprising a case and a cover within which is disposed:
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
14 words
An iron-nickel storage battery comprising a case and a cover within which is disposed:
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
75 words
The battery of claim 7 wherein the metal fibers are bonded in a protective atmosphere at temperatures up to the melting point of the fibers used, sulfur is present in the range of about 5 to 20 percent of the weight of the iron particles, the case has disposed therein a plurality of alternating positive and negative plates which are insulated from the case by a plastic sheet material, and the cover contains a vent.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
42 words
The battery of claim 8, wherein the plaque fibers are selected from the group consisting of nickel coated steel and nickel coated iron fibers having cross sections between about 0.0002 to 0.005 inches, said coating being applied after the bonding of fibers.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
22 words
The battery of claim 7, wherein the plaque fibers are uncoated nickel fibers having cross sections between about 0.0002 to 0.005 inches.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
14 words
An iron-nickel storage battery comprising a case and a cover within which is disposed:
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
14 words
An iron-nickel storage battery comprising a case and a cover within which is disposed:
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
35 words
The battery of claim 11 wherein the additive is fuse coated to the iron oxide particles and is present in the range of about 5 to 20 percent of the weight of the iron particles.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1977-12-09 | 1978-06-10 | 1978-12-10 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1981-12-09 | 1982-06-10 | 1982-12-10 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1985-12-09 | 1986-06-10 | 1986-12-10 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |