Multilayer radiation sensitive element having controlled triboelectric charging characteristics

Claim 2

A MULTILAYER RADIATION SENSITIVE ELEMENT OF THE TYPE SUBJECT TO TRIBOELECTRIC CHARGING UPON IMPACT AND DISSOCIATION WITH ANOTHER UNSUALLY DISSIMILAR MATERIAL SAID ELEMENT HAVING A SURFACE THEREOF MODIFIED AGAINST GENERATION OF TRIBOELECTRICAL CHAROES SUFFICIENT IN ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL TO CAUSE STATIC DISCHARGES, SAID ELEMENT COMPRISING A BASE AND AT LEAST ONE RADIATION SENSITIVE LAYER AND INCLUDING AT LEAST ONE SURFACE THEREOF AT LEAST ONE CHARGE CONTROL AGENT IN AN AMOUNT SUFFICIENT TO LIMIT THE TRIBOELECTRIC CHARGING OF SAID SURFACE TO AN ELECTRICAL CHARGE OF FROM ABOUT -10 TO ABOUT +10 ESU/CM2 AS DETERMINED BY IMPACT ELECTRIFICATION OF 20 PSI IMPACT PRESSURE AT 5 PERCENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND 70*F. AGAINST A STAINLESS STEEL OR ANODIZED ALUMINUM IMPACTING SURFACE; SAID CHARGE CONTROL AGENT BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF: A. SURFACTANT MATERIALS HAVING THE GENERIC STRUCTURE:

Claim 3

R1 AND R2 ARE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF UNSATURATED HYDROCARBON, ARYL AND SUBSTITUTED ARYL RESIDUES;

Claim 4

R1 AND R2 ARE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF UNSATURATED HYDROCARBON, ARYL AND SUBSTITUTED ARYL RESIDUES;

Claim 5

R1 and R2 are selected from the group consisting of unsaturated hydrocarbon, aryl and substituted aryl residues;

Claim 6

R1 and R2 are selected from the group consisting of unsaturated hydrocarbon, aryl and substituted aryl residues;

Claim 7

The radiation sensitive element of claim 1 wherein said radiation sensitive layer is a gelatino silver halide emulsion.

Claim 8

The radiation sensitive element of claim 2 wherein said charge control agent is selected from the group consisting of: A. those compounds of group (A) wherein A is selected from the group consisting of partially fluorinated hydrocarbon chains and fluorocarbon chains; B. sodium and potassium salts of substituted benzene sulfonic acids; C. non-polymeric compounds containing at least 2 carboxylic acid groups; D. polymeric compounds having structural formulas selected from the group consisting of:

Claim 9

R1 represents the atoms of a polymeric structure in which case R2 is selected from the group consisting of H and as defined in (1) and (2) above; and M is selected from the group consisting of H, NH4 and alkali metal cations; and F. mixtures thereof.

Claim 10

R1 represents the atoms of a polymeric structure in which case R2 is selected from the group consisting of H and as defined in (1) and (2) above; and M is selected from the group consisting of H, NH4 and alkali metal cations; and F. mixtures thereof.

Claim 11

R1 REPRESENTS THE ATOMS OF A POLYMERIC STRUCTURE IN WHICH CASE RS IS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF H AND AS DEFINED IN (1) AND (2) ABOVE; AND M IS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF H, NH4 AND ALKALI METAL CATIONS; AND F. MIXTURES THEREOF.

Claim 12

R1 REPRESENTS THE ATOMS OF A POLYMERIC STRUCTURE IN WHICH CASE RS IS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF H AND AS DEFINED IN (1) AND (2) ABOVE; AND M IS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF H, NH4 AND ALKALI METAL CATIONS; AND F. MIXTURES THEREOF.

Claim 13

The radiation sensitive element of claim 3 including a protective overcoat over said gelatino silver halide emulsion and wherein said sufficient amount of said charge control agent is at the surface of said protective overcoat.

Claim 14

The radiation sensitive element of claim 4 wherein said charge control agent is selected from the group consisting of: p-nitrosophenol, sodium salt; p-aminobenzoic acid; p-nitrobenzoic acid; 2,4,6-trinitrobenzoic acid; sodium benzoate; p-nitrophenol; picric acid; trinitroresorcinol; p-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid; 3-nitrophthalic acid; p-nitrocinnamic acid; dih benzene phosphonate; p-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt; p-nitrophenylacetonitrile; p-nitrophenylacetic acid; p-nitrophenoxy acetic acid; 3-nitrochalcone; 2,6-dinitrothymel; 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol-7-sulfonic acid; 4-nitrophthalic acid; p-nitrobenzamide; 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; m-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt; p-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid, dibutylamine salt; 4-chloro-m-toluene sulfonic acid; p-fluorobenzene sulfonic acid; p-toluene sulfonic acid (hereinafter p-t.s.a.); p-chlorobenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt; p-bromobenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt; 2,5-dichlorobenzene sulfonic acid; p-hydroxybenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt; o-(carboxy methoxy) benzoic acid; p-hydroxy benzoic acid; p-chlorophenylacetic acid; 4,4''-biphenyl disulfonic acid; 2,5-dichlorosulfanilic acid, sodium salt 4-sulfophthalic acid, mono sodium salt; 2,2''-diphenic Acid; trimellitic acid; benzene sulfonic acid (hereinafter b.s.a.); b.s.a., didodecylamine salt; b.s.a., dibutylamine salt; p-t.s.a., tridodecylamine salt; p-t.s.a., didodecylamine salt; p-t.s.a., triethylamine salt; 4-sulfophthalic acid, dibutylamine salt; b.s.a., tridodecylamine salt; b.s.a. tributylamine salt; p-t.s.a., triethylamine salt; p-t.s.a., tributylamine salt; pyromellitic acid; terephthalic acid; phthalic acid; mellitic acid; citric acid; salicyclic acid; d-tartaric acid; succinic acid; oxalic acid; malonic acid; malic acid; maleic acid; adipic acid; fumaric acid; hydroquinone; glutaric acid; l-tartaric acid; 50-50 d-, l-tartaric acid; pyromellitic acid, mono sodium salt; 1,3-dicarboxymethyl-5-benzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt; pyromellitic acid nh4 ph 4.3; pyromellitic acid nh4 ph 8.2; 5-sulfoisophthalic acid, sodium salt; 5-sulfosalicyclic acid, trimellitic acid, trimesic acid, compounds of the following empirical formulas

Claim 15

The radiation sensitive element of claim 4 including a backing layer and wherein said sufficient amount of said charge control agent is at the surface of said backing layer.

Claim 16

The radiation sensitive element of claim 4 wherein said base comprises a film of a polymer selected from the group consisting of cellulose ester, polyester and polycarbonate materials.

Claim 17

The radiation sensitive element of claim 3 wherein said film is selected from the group consisting of cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate and poly(ethylene terephthalate).

Claim 18

The radiation sensitive element of claim 8 wherein said charge control agent is selected fRom the group consisting of: the sodium and potassium salts of substituted benzene sulfonic acids, polyethylene pyromellitate, the compound having the following empirical formula:

Claim 19

A radiation sensitive element as in claim 8, wherein said charge control agent is perfluorosulfonamido-(N-propyl-3-N,N,N-trimethyl)ammonium iodide.

Claim 20

A multilayer radiation sensitive element of the type subject to triboelectric charging upon impact and dissociation with another material, said element having a surface thereof modified against generation of triboelectrical charges sufficient in electrical potential to cause static discharges, said element comprising a base and at least one radiation sensitive layer and including at at least one surface of said element at least one charge control agent in an amount sufficient to limit the triboelectric charging of said surface to an electrical charge of from about -10 to about +10 esu/cm2, as determined by impact electrification of 20 psi impact pressure at 5 percent relative humidity and 70*F. against a stainless steel or anodized aluminum impacting surface; said charge control agent being selected from compounds of the following structural formula:

Claim 21

A multilayer radiation sensitive element of the type subject to triboelectric charging upon impact and dissociation with another material, said element having a surface thereof modified against generation of triboelectrical charges sufficient in electrical potential to cause static discharges, said element comprising a base and at least one radiation sensitive layer and including at at least one surface of said element at least one charge control agent in an amount sufficient to limit the triboelectric charging of said surface to an electrical charge of from about -10 to about +10 esu/cm2, as determined by impact electrification of 20 psi impact pressure at 5 percent relative humidity and 70*F. against a stainless steel or anodized aluminum impacting surface; said charge control agent being selected from compounds of the following structural formula:

Claim 22

The element according to claim 11 wherein the charge control agent is present at said surface of the element in the amount of from about 0.2 to about 4 micrograms/cm2 of surface.

Claim 23

The radiation sensitive element of claim 11 wherein said radiation sensitive layer is a gelatino silver halide emulsion.

Claim 24

The radiation sensitive element of claim 13 including a protective overcoat over said gelatino silver halide emulsion and wherein at least one charge control agent is present in said overcoat in the amount of from about 0.3 to about 2.0g./g. of gelatin by dry weight of gelatin.

Claim 25

The radiation sensitive element of claim 14 including a backing layer and wherein at least one charge control agent is present also at the surface of said backing layer in the amount of from about 0.2 to about 4 micrograms/cm2 of surface.

Claim 26

The radiation sensitive element of claim 13 wherein the base comprises a film of a polymer selected from the group consisting of cellulose ester, polyester and polycarbonate materials.

Claim 27

The radiation sensitive element of claim 14 wherein the base comprises a film of a polymer selected from the group consisting of cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate, and poly(ethylene terephthalate).

Claim 28

The radiation sensitive element of claim 15 wherein the base comprises a film of a polymer selected from the group consisting of cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate, and poly(ethylene terephthalate).

Claim 29

The radiation sensitive element of claim 13 wherein the element is a photographic film element.

Claim 30

The radiation sensitive element of claim 13 wherein the element is an X-ray film element.

Claim 31

The radiation sensitive element of claim 13 wherein the element is an aero film element.

Claim 32

The element according to claim 13 wherein the charge control agent is selected from p-nitrosophenol, sodium salt; p-aminobenzoic acid; p-nitrobenzoic acid; 2,4,6-trinitrobenzoic acid; sodium benzoate; p-nitrophenol; picric acid; trinitroresorcinol; p-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid; 3-nitrophthalic acid; p-nitro-cinnamic acid; dih benzene phosphonate; p-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt; p-nitrophenylacetonitrile; p-nitrophenylacetic acid; p-nitrophenoxy acetic acid; 3-nitrochalcone; 2,6-dinitrothymol; 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol-7-sulfonic acid; 4-nitrophthalic acid; p-nitrobenzamide; 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; m-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt; p-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid, dibutylamine salt; 4-chloro-m-toluene sulfonic acid; p-fluorobenzene sulfonic acid; p-toluene sulfonic acid (hereinafter p-t.s.a.); p-chlorobenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt; p-bromobenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt; 2,5-dichlorobenzene sulfonic acid; p-Hydroxybenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt; o-(carboxy methoxy) benzoic acid; p-hydroxy benzoic acid p-chlorophenylacetic acid; 4,4''-biphenyl disulfonic acid; 2,5-dichlorosulfanilic acid, sodium salt; 4-sulfophthalic acid, mono sodium salt; 2,2''-diphenic acid; trimellitic acid; benzene sulfonic acid (hereinafter b.s.a.); b.s.a., didodecylamine salt; b.s.a., dibutylamine salt; p-t.s.a., tridodecylamine salt; p-t.s.a., didodecylamine salt; p-t.s.a., triethylamine salt; 4-sulfophthalic acid, dibutylamine salt; b.s.a., tridodecylamine salt; b.s.a., tributylamine salt; p-t.s.a., triethylamine salt; p-t.s.a., tributylamine salt; pyromellitic acid; terephthalic acid; phthalic acid; mellitic acid; salicyclic acid; hydroquinone; pyromellitic acid, mono sodium salt; 1,3-dicarboxymethyl-5 benzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt; pyromellitic acid nh4 , ph 4.3; pyromellitic acid NH4 , ph8.2; 5-sulfoisophthalic acid, sodium salt; 5-sulfosalicyclic acid; trimellitic acid; trimesic acid; and mixtures thereof.

Claim 33

The element according to claim 22 wherein said element is a photographic film element.

Claim 34

The radiation sensitive element of claim 13 including a backing layer and wherein at least one charge control agent is present at the surface of said backing layer in the amount of from about 0.2 to about 4 micrograms/cm2 of surface.

Claim 35

The element according to claim 22 including a backing layer and wherein at least one of said charge control agents is present at the surface of said backing layer in the amount of from about 0.2 to about 4 micrograms/cm2 of surface.

Claim 36

The element according to claim 25 wherein the charge control agent is a substituted benzene sulfonic acid or a sodium or potassium salt of a substituted benzene sulfonic acid.

Claim 37

A multilayer radiation sensitive element of the type subject to triboelectric charging upon impact and dissociation with another material, said element having a surface thereof modified against generation of triboelectrical charges sufficient in electrical potential to cause static discharges, said element comprising a base and at least one radiation sensitive layer and including at at least one surface of said element at least one charge control agent in an amount sufficient to limit the triboelectric charging of said surface to an electrical charge of from about -10 to about +10 esu/cm2 as determined by impact electrification of 20 psi impact pressure at 5 percent relative humidity and 70*F. against a stainless steel or anodized aluminum impacting surface; said charge control agent being selected from the group consisting of materials having the generic structure: (A-Z(CH2)n - D)+ X wherein: A is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon chains, partially fluorinated hydrocarbon chains, and fluorocarbon chains; Z is a member selected from the group consisting of:

Claim 38

A multilayer radiation sensitive element of the type subject to triboelectric charging upon impact and dissociation with another material, said element having a surface thereof modified against generation of triboelectrical charges sufficient in electrical potential to cause static discharges, said element comprising a base and at least one radiation sensitive layer and including at at least one surface of said element at least one charge control agent in an amount sufficient to limit the triboelectric charging of said surface to an electrical charge of from about -10 to about +10 esu/cm2 as determined by impact electrification of 20 psi impact pressure at 5 percent relative humidity and 70*F. against a stainless steel or anodized aluminum impacting surface; said charge control agent being selected from the group consisting of materials having the generic structure: (A-Z(CH2)n - D)+ X wherein: A is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon chains, partially fluorinated hydrocarbon chains, and fluorocarbon chains; Z is a member selected from the group consisting of:

Claim 39

The element of claim 27 wherein A in said structure is hydrocarbon chain, partially fluorinated hydrocarbon chain or fluorocarbon chain, and Z is

Claim 40

The element of claim 28 wherein X is I.

Claim 41

The element of claim 28 including a protective overcoat over said radiation sensitive layer and wherein said charge control agent is present at the surface of said overcoat.

Claim 42

The element of claim 28 including a backing layer and wherein said charge control agent is present at the surface of said backing layer.

Claim 43

The element of claim 30 including a backing layer and wherein said charge control agent is present also at the surface of said backing layer.

Claim 44

The element of claim 28 including a backing layer and wherein there is present at the surface of said backing layer from about 0.2 to about 4 micrograms/cm2 of surface of a charge control agent selected from substituted benzene sulfonic acids and sodium and potassium salts of substituted benzene sulfonic acids.

Claim 45

The element of claim 27 wherein said base comprises paper.

Claim 46

The radiation sensitive element of claim 28 wherein A in said structure is a hydrocarbon chain and D is lower alkyl.

Claim 47

The radiation sensitive element of claim 35 wherein said charge control agent is

Claim 48

The radiation sensitive element of claim 28 wherein A in said structure is a fluorocarbon chain, D is lower alkyl and Z is

Claim 49

The radiation sensitive element of claim 28 wherein said charge control agent is

Claim 50

The element of claim 38 wherein the radiation sensitive layer is a hydrophilic, water permeable colloid containing silver halide emulsion layer, said element includes a protective overcoat over said emulsion layer and at least one of said charge control agents is present in said overcoat in the amount of from about 0.3 to about 2.0g./g of hydrophilic water permeable colloid by dry weight of colloid.

Claim 51

The radiation sensitive element of claim 39 including a backing layer and wherein at least one of said charge control agents is present also at the surface of said backing layer in the amount of from about 0.2 to about 4 micrograms/cm2 of surface.

Claim 52

A multilayer radiation sensitive element of the type subject to triboelectric charging upon impact and dissociation with another material said element having a surface thereof modified against generation of triboelectrical charges sufficient in electrical potential to cause static discharges, said element comprising a base and at least one radiation sensitive layer and including at at least one surface of said element at least one charge control agent in an amount sufficient to limit the triboelectric charging of said surface to an electrical charge of from about -10 to about +10 esu/cm2 as determined by impact electrification of 20 psi impact pressure at 5 percent relative humidity and 70*F. against a stainless steel or anodized aluminum impacting surface; said charge control agent being selected from multifunctional carboxylic acids of the general formula: HOOC-R-COOH wherein R is selected from the group consisting of:

Claim 53

A multilayer radiation sensitive element of the type subject to triboelectric charging upon impact and dissociation with another material said element having a surface thereof modified against generation of triboelectrical charges sufficient in electrical potential to cause static discharges, said element comprising a base and at least one radiation sensitive layer and including at at least one surface of said element at least one charge control agent in an amount sufficient to limit the triboelectric charging of said surface to an electrical charge of from about -10 to about +10 esu/cm2 as determined by impact electrification of 20 psi impact pressure at 5 percent relative humidity and 70*F. against a stainless steel or anodized aluminum impacting surface; said charge control agent being selected from multifunctional carboxylic acids of the general formula: HOOC-R-COOH wherein R is selected from the group consisting of:

Claim 54

The element according to claim 41 wherein the charge control agent is present at said surface of the element in the amount of from about 0.2 to about 4 micrograms/cm2 of surface.

Claim 55

The radiation sensitive element of claim 42 wherein said charge control agent is selected from citric acid; d-tartaric acid; 1-tartaric acid; succinic acid; oxalic acid; maloric acid; malic acid; maleic acid; adipic acid; fumaric acid; and glutaric acid.

Claim 56

A multilayer radiation sensitive element of the type subject to triboelectric charging upon impact and dissociation with another material said element having a surface thereof modified against generation of triboelectrical charges sufficient in electrical potential to cause static discharges, said element comprising a base and at least one radiation sensitive layer and including at at least one surface of said element at least one charge control agent in an amount sufficient to limit the triboelectric charging of said surface to an electrical charge of from about -10 to about +10 esu/cm2 as determined by impact electrification of 20 psi impact pressure at 5 percent relative humidity and 70*F. against a stainless steel or anodized aluminum impacting surface; said charge control agent being selected from polymeric compounds having structural formulas selected from the group consisting of:

Claim 57

A multilayer radiation sensitive element of the type subject to triboelectric charging upon impact and dissociation with another material said element having a surface thereof modified against generation of triboelectrical charges sufficient in electrical potential to cause static discharges, said element comprising a base and at least one radiation sensitive layer and including at at least one surface of said element at least one charge control agent in an amount sufficient to limit the triboelectric charging of said surface to an electrical charge of from about -10 to about +10 esu/cm2 as determined by impact electrification of 20 psi impact pressure at 5 percent relative humidity and 70*F. against a stainless steel or anodized aluminum impacting surface; said charge control agent being selected from polymeric compounds having structural formulas selected from the group consisting of:

Claim 58

The element according to claim 44 wherein the charge control agent is present at said surface of the element in the amount of from about 0.2 to about 4 micrograms/cm2 of surface.

Claim 59

The radiation sensitive element of claim 44 wherein said charge control agent is selected from polyethylene pyromellitate; copolymer of dimethylformate with Beta -propiolactone; and copolymer of dimethylformate with trimellitic anhydride.

Claim 60

A multilayer radiation sensitive element of the type subject to triboelectric charging upon impact and dissociation with another material said element having a surface thereof modified against generation of triboelectrical charges sufficient in electrical potential to cause static discharges, said element comprising a base and at least one radiation sensitive layer and including at at least one surface of said element at least one charge control agent in an amount sufficient to limit the triboelectric charging of said surface to an electrical charge of from about -10 to about +10 esu/cm2 as determined by impact electrification of 20 psi impact pressure at 5 percent relative humidity and 70*F. against a stainless steel or anodized aluminum impacting suface; said charge control agent being selected from lower alkyl phosphates.

Claim 61

A multilayer radiation sensitive element of the type subject to triboelectric charging upon impact and dissociation with another material said element having a surface thereof modified against generation of triboelectrical charges sufficient in electrical potential to cause static discharges, said element comprising a base and at least one radiation sensitive layer and including at at least one surface of said element at least one charge control agent in an amount sufficient to limit the triboelectric charging of said surface to an electrical charge of from about -10 to about +10 esu/cm2 as determined by impact electrification of 20 psi impact pressure at 5 percent relative humidity and 70*F. against a stainless steel or anodized aluminum impacting suface; said charge control agent being selected from lower alkyl phosphates.

Claim 62

The element according to claim 44 wherein the charge control agent is present at said surface of the element in the amount of from about 0.2 to about 4 micrograms/cm2 of surface.

Claim 63

The radiation sensitive element according to claim 47 wherein said charge control agent is Ethyl Dihydrogen Phosphate, Butyl Dihydrogen Phosphate, or Dibutyl Hydrogen Phosphate.