US3847564A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Apparatus and process for burning liquid hydrocarbons in a synthesis gas generator
Assignee: Texaco Development Corp
•
Filing: 1972-11-20
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Granted: 1974-11-12
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Expires: 1992-11-20
Abstract
Abstract This disclosure pertains to a triple-orifice burner and process for atomizing a stream of normally liquid hydrocarbon with a separate stream of free-oxygen-containing gas a finite distance downstream from the tip of the burner and for simultaneously enveloping the mixed streams with a separate stream of temperature-moderating gas so that none of the three streams comes into contact with any other gas with which it is combustible until it reaches a distance downstream from the tips of the burner orifices beyond that close enough to cause appreciable deterioration of the tips when reaction takes place in a free-flow partial oxidation gas generator at a temperature in the range of about 1,200* to 3500*F. and at a pressure in the range of about 1 to 275 atmospheres to produce a gaseous mixture comprising principally H2 and CO, e.g., synthesis gas, reducing gas, or fuel gas. While the liquid hydrocarbon is passed through the burner at a velocity in the range of about 10 to 100 feet per second, both the stream of free-oxygen-containing gas and the stream of temperature-moderating gas may be passed through the burner at velocities up to sonic velocity when it is desired to offset the effects of variable back pressure in the gas generator. The burner comprises three coaxial concentric nozzles whose tips are recessed from the downstream tip of the burner and which discharge into a single unobstructed coaxial central outwardlydiverging passage with an annular face of convex configuration at the extremity of the downstream tip of the burner. An imaginary plane tangent to said annular face at its outermost extremity is normal to the burner axis. The three nozzles provide, respectively, a central passage with a circular opening for discharging a stream of liquid hydrocarbon, an intermediate converging annular passage for discharging a stream of freeoxygen-containing gas, and an outer converging annular passage for discharging a stream of temperature-moderating gas, such as steam. An annular coolant chamber is disposed about the outside periphery of said outer discharge passage and downstream burner tip.
Inventors
- 👤 C Marion
- 👤 B Reynolds
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 08:35
CPC Classifications
C; C01; C01B; C01B3/00; C01B3/02; C01B3/32; C01B3/34; C01B3/36; C01B3/363; F; F23; F23D; F23D11/00; F23D11/36; F23L; F23L7/00; F23L7/002; F23L7/005; F23D2214/00; F23D2900/00; F23D2900/00006
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 48
Claim 1
Independent Claim
41 words
A CENTRAL AXIAL TUBULAR CONDUIT, INLET MEANS AT THE UPSTREAM END OF SAID CENTRAL CONDUIT, A CENTRAL DISCHARGE NOZZLE AT THE DOWNSTREAM END OF SAID CENTRAL CONDUIT HAVING AN INWARDLY CONVERGING TAPERED OUTER SURFACE AND A SINGLE UNOBSTRUCTED CIRCULAR DISCHARGE PASSAGE;
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
41 words
A CENTRAL AXIAL TUBULAR CONDUIT, INLET MEANS AT THE UPSTREAM END OF SAID CENTRAL CONDUIT, A CENTRAL DISCHARGE NOZZLE AT THE DOWNSTREAM END OF SAID CENTRAL CONDUIT HAVING AN INWARDLY CONVERGING TAPERED OUTER SURFACE AND A SINGLE UNOBSTRUCTED CIRCULAR DISCHARGE PASSAGE;
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
31 words
A BURNER, FOR INTRODUCING A LIQUID HYDROCARBON, A FREEOXYGEN-CONTAINING GAS, AND A TEMPERATURE MODERATOR INTO A GAS GENERATOR IN WHICH REACTION TAKES PLACE AT A MINIMUM TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 1,200*F COMPRISING:
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
31 words
A BURNER, FOR INTRODUCING A LIQUID HYDROCARBON, A FREEOXYGEN-CONTAINING GAS, AND A TEMPERATURE MODERATOR INTO A GAS GENERATOR IN WHICH REACTION TAKES PLACE AT A MINIMUM TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 1,200*F COMPRISING:
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
47 words
A INTERMEDIATE COAXIAL CONCENTRIC TUBULAR CONDUIT DISPOSED RADIALLY ABOUT THE OUTSIDE OF SAID CENTRAL TUBULAR CONDUIT ALONG ITS LENGTH, INLET MEANS AT THE UPSTREAM END OF SAID INTERMEDIATE CONCENTRIC COONDUIT, AN INTERMADIATE COAXIALLY CONCENTRIC INWARDLY CONVERGING FRUSTO-CONICALLY SHAPED DISCHARGE NOZZLE WITH A CIRCULAR TIP AT THE DOWN-
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
47 words
A INTERMEDIATE COAXIAL CONCENTRIC TUBULAR CONDUIT DISPOSED RADIALLY ABOUT THE OUTSIDE OF SAID CENTRAL TUBULAR CONDUIT ALONG ITS LENGTH, INLET MEANS AT THE UPSTREAM END OF SAID INTERMEDIATE CONCENTRIC COONDUIT, AN INTERMADIATE COAXIALLY CONCENTRIC INWARDLY CONVERGING FRUSTO-CONICALLY SHAPED DISCHARGE NOZZLE WITH A CIRCULAR TIP AT THE DOWN-
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
98 words
an intermediate coaxial concentric tubular conduit disposed radially about the outside of said central tubular conduit along its length, inlet means at the upstream end of said intermediate concentric conduit, an intermediate coaxial concentric inwardly converging frusto-conically shaped discharge nozzle with a circular tip at the downstream end of said intermediate concentric conduit, means for positioning said central axial conduit and central discharge nozzle with respect to said intermediate concentric conduit and intermediate discharge nozzle in spaced relationship thereby providing an intermediate annular passage having a single unobstructed inwardly converging intermediate annular discharge passage at the downstream end;
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
98 words
an intermediate coaxial concentric tubular conduit disposed radially about the outside of said central tubular conduit along its length, inlet means at the upstream end of said intermediate concentric conduit, an intermediate coaxial concentric inwardly converging frusto-conically shaped discharge nozzle with a circular tip at the downstream end of said intermediate concentric conduit, means for positioning said central axial conduit and central discharge nozzle with respect to said intermediate concentric conduit and intermediate discharge nozzle in spaced relationship thereby providing an intermediate annular passage having a single unobstructed inwardly converging intermediate annular discharge passage at the downstream end;
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
68 words
an intermediate coaxial concentric inwardly converging frusto-conically shaped discharge nozzle with a circular discharge orifice and an upstream coaxial concentric tubular conduit attached thereto radially disposed about the structure of (1) along its length thereby providing an intermediate annular passage having a single unobstructed inwardly conVerging annular discharge passage at the downstream end through which preferably a stream of free-oxygen-containing gas, optionally in admixture with H2O is passed;
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
68 words
an intermediate coaxial concentric inwardly converging frusto-conically shaped discharge nozzle with a circular discharge orifice and an upstream coaxial concentric tubular conduit attached thereto radially disposed about the structure of (1) along its length thereby providing an intermediate annular passage having a single unobstructed inwardly conVerging annular discharge passage at the downstream end through which preferably a stream of free-oxygen-containing gas, optionally in admixture with H2O is passed;
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
39 words
The burner of claim 1 wherein the central discharge nozzle in (1) is further provided with a longitudinal axial passage having an inwardly converging tapered portion which fairs into a cylindrical section having a single unobstructed circular discharge orifice.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
80 words
The burner of claim 1 further provided with means for simultaneously passing liquid hydrocarbon fuel at a velocity in the range of about 10 to 100 feet per second through said central discharge nozzle, free-oxygen-containing gas at a velocity in the range of about 110 feet per second to sonic velocity through said intermediate discharge nozzle, and a temperature-moderating gas at a velocity in the range of about 55 feet per second to sonic velocity through said outer discharge nozzle.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
99 words
an outer coaxial concentric discharge nozzle extending from an outer coaxial concentric tubular conduit, said outer discharge nozzle comprising an inwardly converging frusto-conically shaped inside section that flares out into an outwardly diverging outside section with an annular face of convex configuration at the outer extremity of the downstream tip of the burner, said outer discharge nozzle and outer tubular conduit being radially disposed about the structure of (2) along its length so as to provide an outer converging annular passage that discharges into an unobstructed outwardly diverging central passage through which a stream of temperature-moderating gas is passed;
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
99 words
an outer coaxial concentric discharge nozzle extending from an outer coaxial concentric tubular conduit, said outer discharge nozzle comprising an inwardly converging frusto-conically shaped inside section that flares out into an outwardly diverging outside section with an annular face of convex configuration at the outer extremity of the downstream tip of the burner, said outer discharge nozzle and outer tubular conduit being radially disposed about the structure of (2) along its length so as to provide an outer converging annular passage that discharges into an unobstructed outwardly diverging central passage through which a stream of temperature-moderating gas is passed;
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
107 words
AN OUTER COAXIAL CONCENTRIC TUBULAR CONDUIT RADIALLY DISPOSED ABOUT THE OUTSIDE OF SAID INTERMEDIATE COAXIAL CONCENTRIC CONDUIT ALONG ITS LENGTH INLET MEANS AT THE UPSTREAM END OF SAID OUTER CONCENTRIC CONDUIT AN OUTER COAXIAL CONCENTRIC INWARDLY CONVERGING FRUSTO-CONICALLY SHAPED DISCHARGE NOZZLE AT THE DOWNSTREAM END OF SAID OUTER CONCENTRIC CONDUIT, MEANS FOR POSITIONING SAID OOUTER CONCENTRIC CONDUIT, AND OUTER DISCHARGE NOZZLE WITH RESPECT TO SAID INTERMEDIATE CONCENTRIC CONDUIT AND INTERMEDIATE DISCHARGE NOZZLE IN SPACED RELATIONSHIP THERBY PROVIDING AN OUTER ANNULAR PASSAGE HAVING AN UNOBSTRUCTED INWARDLY CONVERGING ANNULAAR PASSAGE THAT DISCHARGES INTO A SINGLE UNOBSTRUCTED CONCENTRIC COAXIAL OUTWARDLY DIVERGING CENTRAL PASSAGE AT THE DOWNSTREAM TIP OF SAID BURNER;
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
107 words
AN OUTER COAXIAL CONCENTRIC TUBULAR CONDUIT RADIALLY DISPOSED ABOUT THE OUTSIDE OF SAID INTERMEDIATE COAXIAL CONCENTRIC CONDUIT ALONG ITS LENGTH INLET MEANS AT THE UPSTREAM END OF SAID OUTER CONCENTRIC CONDUIT AN OUTER COAXIAL CONCENTRIC INWARDLY CONVERGING FRUSTO-CONICALLY SHAPED DISCHARGE NOZZLE AT THE DOWNSTREAM END OF SAID OUTER CONCENTRIC CONDUIT, MEANS FOR POSITIONING SAID OOUTER CONCENTRIC CONDUIT, AND OUTER DISCHARGE NOZZLE WITH RESPECT TO SAID INTERMEDIATE CONCENTRIC CONDUIT AND INTERMEDIATE DISCHARGE NOZZLE IN SPACED RELATIONSHIP THERBY PROVIDING AN OUTER ANNULAR PASSAGE HAVING AN UNOBSTRUCTED INWARDLY CONVERGING ANNULAAR PASSAGE THAT DISCHARGES INTO A SINGLE UNOBSTRUCTED CONCENTRIC COAXIAL OUTWARDLY DIVERGING CENTRAL PASSAGE AT THE DOWNSTREAM TIP OF SAID BURNER;
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
107 words
an outer coaxial concentric tubular conduit radially disposed about the outside of said intermediate coaxial concentric conduit along its length, inlet means at the upstream end of said outer concentric conduit, an outer coaxial concentric inwardly converging frusto-conically shaped discharge nozzle at the downstream end of said outer concentric conduit, means for positioning said outer concentric conduit and outer discharge nozzle with respect to said intermediate concentric conduit and intermediate discharge nozzle in spaced relationship thereby providiNg an outer annular passage having an unobstructed inwardly converging annular passage that discharges into a single unobstructed concentric coaxial outwardly diverging central passage at the downstream tip of said burner;
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
107 words
an outer coaxial concentric tubular conduit radially disposed about the outside of said intermediate coaxial concentric conduit along its length, inlet means at the upstream end of said outer concentric conduit, an outer coaxial concentric inwardly converging frusto-conically shaped discharge nozzle at the downstream end of said outer concentric conduit, means for positioning said outer concentric conduit and outer discharge nozzle with respect to said intermediate concentric conduit and intermediate discharge nozzle in spaced relationship thereby providiNg an outer annular passage having an unobstructed inwardly converging annular passage that discharges into a single unobstructed concentric coaxial outwardly diverging central passage at the downstream tip of said burner;
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
109 words
A COOLANT CHAMBER AT THE DOWNSTREAM TIP OF SAID BURNER COMPRISING AN INSIDE SECTION THAT COMPRISES SAID OUTER INWARDLY CONVERGING FRUSTO-CONICALLY SHAPED DISCHARGE NOZZLE OF (3), AN OUSIDE SECTION THAT EXTENDS FROM AND FLARES OUT FROM SAID INSIDE SECTION AND WHICH COMPRISES AN OUTWARDLY DIVERGING SECTION WITH AN ANNULAR FACE OF CONVEX CONFIGURATION AT THE OUTER EXTREMITY OF THE DOWNSTREAM TIP OF THE BURNER, SAID OUTSIDE SECTION BEING IN PART THE PERIPHERAL SURFACE OF SAID OUTWARDLY DIVERGING TAPERED CENTRAL PASSAGE OF (3), A COLLAR SECTION JOINING SAID INSIDE AND OUTSIDE SECTIONS AND CLOSING SAID COOLANT CHAMBER, AND INLET AND OUTLET MEANS FOR CIRCULATING COOLANT CHAMBER SAID COOLANT CHAMBER; AND
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
109 words
A COOLANT CHAMBER AT THE DOWNSTREAM TIP OF SAID BURNER COMPRISING AN INSIDE SECTION THAT COMPRISES SAID OUTER INWARDLY CONVERGING FRUSTO-CONICALLY SHAPED DISCHARGE NOZZLE OF (3), AN OUSIDE SECTION THAT EXTENDS FROM AND FLARES OUT FROM SAID INSIDE SECTION AND WHICH COMPRISES AN OUTWARDLY DIVERGING SECTION WITH AN ANNULAR FACE OF CONVEX CONFIGURATION AT THE OUTER EXTREMITY OF THE DOWNSTREAM TIP OF THE BURNER, SAID OUTSIDE SECTION BEING IN PART THE PERIPHERAL SURFACE OF SAID OUTWARDLY DIVERGING TAPERED CENTRAL PASSAGE OF (3), A COLLAR SECTION JOINING SAID INSIDE AND OUTSIDE SECTIONS AND CLOSING SAID COOLANT CHAMBER, AND INLET AND OUTLET MEANS FOR CIRCULATING COOLANT CHAMBER SAID COOLANT CHAMBER; AND
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
21 words
a coolant chamber disposed about the periphery of the outer nozzle of (3) with which it has walls in common; and
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
21 words
a coolant chamber disposed about the periphery of the outer nozzle of (3) with which it has walls in common; and
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
36 words
The burner of claim 1 further provided with means for simultaneously passing free-oxygen-containing gas through said central discharge nozzle, liquid hydrocarbon fuel through said intermediate discharge nozzle, and a temperature-moderating gas through said outer discharge nozzle.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
109 words
a coolant chamber at the downstream tip of said burner comprising an inside section that comprises said outer inwardly converging frusto-conically shaped discharge nozzle of (3), an outside section that extends from and flares out from said inside section and which comprises an outwardly diverging section with an annular face of convex configuration at the outer extremity of the downstream tip of the burner, said outside section being in part the peripheral surface of said outwardly diverging tapered central passage of (3), a collar section joining said inside and outside sections and closing said coolant chamber, and inlet and outlet means for circulating coolant through said coolant chamber; and
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
109 words
a coolant chamber at the downstream tip of said burner comprising an inside section that comprises said outer inwardly converging frusto-conically shaped discharge nozzle of (3), an outside section that extends from and flares out from said inside section and which comprises an outwardly diverging section with an annular face of convex configuration at the outer extremity of the downstream tip of the burner, said outside section being in part the peripheral surface of said outwardly diverging tapered central passage of (3), a collar section joining said inside and outside sections and closing said coolant chamber, and inlet and outlet means for circulating coolant through said coolant chamber; and
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
25 words
conduit means in contact with said burner and connected to said inlet and outlet means for passing coolant in direct heat exchange with said burner.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
25 words
conduit means in contact with said burner and connected to said inlet and outlet means for passing coolant in direct heat exchange with said burner.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
20 words
The burner of claim 3 having means to admix said liquid hydrocarbon fuel with a portion of said temperature-moderating gas.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
25 words
CONDUIT MEANS IN CONTACT WITH SAID BURNER AND CONNECTED TO SAID INLET AND OUTLET MEANS FOR PASSING COOLANT IN DIRECT HEAT EXCHANGE WITH SAID BURNER.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
25 words
CONDUIT MEANS IN CONTACT WITH SAID BURNER AND CONNECTED TO SAID INLET AND OUTLET MEANS FOR PASSING COOLANT IN DIRECT HEAT EXCHANGE WITH SAID BURNER.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
11 words
conduit means for circulating coolant through the coolant chamber of (4).
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
11 words
conduit means for circulating coolant through the coolant chamber of (4).
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
41 words
The burner of claim 3 wherein said temperature moderating gas is steam or water droplets and further provided with means for introducing up to 25 weight percent of said temperature-moderating gas into said gas generator in admixture with said free-oxygen-containing gas.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
73 words
The burner of claim 1 wherein the conical surface of the stream ejected from the intermediate coaxial inwardly converging discharge nozzle makes an angle with the longitudinal axis of the burner in the range of about 10* to 55*, and the conical surface of the stream ejected from the outer coaxial inwardly converging discharge nozzle makes an angle with the longitudinal axis of the burner in the range of about 15* to 60*.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
62 words
A burner for atomizing a stream of liquid hydrocarbon fuel with a stream of free-oxygen-containing gas so as to react in a gas generator at a temperature in the range of about 1,200* to 3, 500*F. and at a pressure in the range of about 1 to 275 atmospheres and for enveloping the mixed streams with a stream of temperature-moderating gas comprising:
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
62 words
A burner for atomizing a stream of liquid hydrocarbon fuel with a stream of free-oxygen-containing gas so as to react in a gas generator at a temperature in the range of about 1,200* to 3, 500*F. and at a pressure in the range of about 1 to 275 atmospheres and for enveloping the mixed streams with a stream of temperature-moderating gas comprising:
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
30 words
The burner of claim 8 further provided with the tip of the central discharge nozzle in (1) being recessed upstream from the tip of the intermediate discharge nozzle in (2).
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
30 words
The burner of claim 8 further provided with the tip of the intermediate discharge nozzle in (2) being recessed upstream from the tip of the central discharge nozzle in (1).
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
117 words
The burner of claim 8 wherein the outwardly diverging outside section of said outer discharge nozzle has a divergence angle M in the range of about 70* to 150*, saie angle M being the angle of intercept between two legs of an angle in a plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the burner, the apex of said angle being located at a point determined by the intersection of the longitudinal axis of the burner, and a plane across the tip of the central nozzle which is normal to the longitudinal axis of the burner, said legs being tangent respectively to the peripheral surface of said outwardly diverging central passage with said annular face of convex configuration.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
57 words
The burner of claim 8 which includes means for passing said stream of liquid hydrocarbon through said intermediate annular passage in (2) in place of said stream of free-oxygen-containing gas and which includes means for simultaneously passing said stream of free-oxygen-containing gas through said central discharge nozzle in (1) in place of said stream of liquid hydrocarbon.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
339 words
In the manufacture of synthesis gas reducing gas or fuel gas by reacting a stream of free-Oxygen-containing gas and a stream of normally liquid hydrocarbon in the presence of a stream of temperature moderating gas in a reaction zone of a noncatalytic free-flow gas generator at a pressure in the range of about 1 to 275 atmospheres and a temperature in the range of about 1,200 to 3,500*F. and in proportions effective to produce a product comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide by the partial oxidation process, the improvement which comprises simultaneously injecting said reactants into the reaction zone from a burner having a plurality of separate concentric passages coaxial with the longitudinal axis of said burner and comprising a central cylindrical discharge passage, a single intermediate inwardly converging annular discharge passage coaxial with the central passage, and an outer discharge passage comprising an inwardly converging annular passage surrounding and coaxial with the first named passages and which flares out at its downstream end into an outwardly diverging unobstructed central passageway near the downstream tip of the burner, and a coolant chamber disposed about the outer periphery of said downstream burner tip, said liquid hydrocarbon stream and said stream of free-oxygen-containing gas being separately injected from said central passage and said intermediate passage respectively inTo said reaction zone at sharply disparate linear velocities and at an acute angle relative to each other so as to effect atomization of the liquid hydrocarbon and intimate association of the reactants at a finite distance downstream from the extremity of the burner tip so that burning can take place without damaging the orifices at the downstream ends of said passages, the velocity of the liquid hydrocarbon being in the range of about 10 to 100 feet per second and the velocity of the free-oxygen-containing gas being in the range of over 600 feet per second to sonic velocity and simultaneously injecting the stream of temperature moderating gas through the outer discharge passage at a velocity of over 300 feet per second to sonic velocity.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
339 words
In the manufacture of synthesis gas reducing gas or fuel gas by reacting a stream of free-Oxygen-containing gas and a stream of normally liquid hydrocarbon in the presence of a stream of temperature moderating gas in a reaction zone of a noncatalytic free-flow gas generator at a pressure in the range of about 1 to 275 atmospheres and a temperature in the range of about 1,200 to 3,500*F. and in proportions effective to produce a product comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide by the partial oxidation process, the improvement which comprises simultaneously injecting said reactants into the reaction zone from a burner having a plurality of separate concentric passages coaxial with the longitudinal axis of said burner and comprising a central cylindrical discharge passage, a single intermediate inwardly converging annular discharge passage coaxial with the central passage, and an outer discharge passage comprising an inwardly converging annular passage surrounding and coaxial with the first named passages and which flares out at its downstream end into an outwardly diverging unobstructed central passageway near the downstream tip of the burner, and a coolant chamber disposed about the outer periphery of said downstream burner tip, said liquid hydrocarbon stream and said stream of free-oxygen-containing gas being separately injected from said central passage and said intermediate passage respectively inTo said reaction zone at sharply disparate linear velocities and at an acute angle relative to each other so as to effect atomization of the liquid hydrocarbon and intimate association of the reactants at a finite distance downstream from the extremity of the burner tip so that burning can take place without damaging the orifices at the downstream ends of said passages, the velocity of the liquid hydrocarbon being in the range of about 10 to 100 feet per second and the velocity of the free-oxygen-containing gas being in the range of over 600 feet per second to sonic velocity and simultaneously injecting the stream of temperature moderating gas through the outer discharge passage at a velocity of over 300 feet per second to sonic velocity.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
48 words
The process of claim 13 wherein said stream of liquid hydrocarbon is passed through said intermediate annular passage in place of said stream of free-oxygen-containing gas, and simultaneously said stream of free-oxygen-containing gas is passed through said central discharge nozzle in place of said stream of liquid hydrocarbon.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
70 words
The process of claim 13 wherein the surface of the stream ejected from the intermediate inwardly converging annular discharge passage makes an angle with the longitudinal axis of the burner in the range of about 10* to 55* and the surface of the stream ejected from said outer inwardly converging annular passage makes an angle with the longitudinal axis of the burner in the range of about 15* to 60*.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
46 words
The process of claim 13 wherein said liquid hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of butane, pentane, hexane, gasoline, kerosene, gas oil, naphtha, diesel fuel, crude oil, residua, coal tar, tar sand oil, shale oil, oxygen-containing hydrocarbons, slurries of solid carbonaceous fuels, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
35 words
The process of claim 13 wherein said free-oxygen-containing gas is selected from the group consisting of air, oxygen-enriched air (greater than 21 mole percent oxygen), and substantially pure oxygen (greater than 95 mole percent oxygen).
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 13 wherein said temperature moderating gas is selected from the group consisting of steam, water droplets, CO2, nitrogen and other inert gases, flue gas, and off-gas from an ore-reduction zone.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
38 words
The process of claim 18 wherein said temperature moderating gas is steam or water droplets and up to 25 weight percent of said temperature moderating gas is introduced into said gas generator in admixture with said free-oxygen-containing gas.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1977-11-11 | 1978-05-13 | 1978-11-12 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1981-11-11 | 1982-05-13 | 1982-11-12 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1985-11-11 | 1986-05-13 | 1986-11-12 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |