Layered clay minerals, catalysts, and processes for using

Claim 2

A LAYER-TYPE TRIOCTSAHEDRAL CLAY-LIKE MINERAL HAVING THE EMPIRICAL FORMULA

Claim 3

The mineral of claim 1 where 1.0 < or = s < or = 1.33, 0 <a < or = 0.166, and 0 <b < or = 0.166, A is NH4 and B is a mixture of F and OH .

Claim 4

A mineral in accordance with claim 1 wherein A is chosen from the group consisting of H , NH4 , Na , K , 1/2 Mg , 1/2 Ba , 1/2 Sr , and 1/3 Al , and mixtures thereof.

Claim 5

The mineral of claim 1 wherein A is a cation that may be readily converted into the hydrogen form upon calcination.

Claim 6

The mineral of claim 1 wherein A is NH4 , B is at least in part F , and calcination gives a product consisting essentially of the product of claim 1 in the hydrogen form, wherein s 1.166 a 0.08, and said mineral having after calcination a fluoride content of from 1 to 3 weight percent.

Claim 7

A catalytic cracking catalyst comprising dehydrated, calcined, layer-type, trioctahedral, clay-like mineral having prior to dehydration and calcining of said catalyst the empirical formula MgO : sSiO2 : aAl2O3 : bAB : xH2O wherein the layer-lattice structure is composed of said silica, said alumina, said magnesia, said A and said B, and wherein s is from 0.66 to 1.33, a is 0 <a < or = 0.333, b is 0 <b < or = 0.333, A is one equivalent of an exchangeable cation having a valence of 3 or less and is external to the layers of the framework or at the edges or between successive layers of the structure, B is chosen from the group of negative ions consisting of F , OH , 1/2 O and mixtures thereof, and is internal or at the edges and surfaces of the layers of the framework structure, and x is from 2 to 3.5 at 50% relative humidity, said mineral being characterized by a d001 spacing at said humidity within the range which extends from a lower limit of about 10 Angstroms to an upper limit of about 15 Angstroms when A is monovalent and an upper limit of 18 Angstroms when A is divalent or trivalent, with intermediate values possible when A is a mixture of monovalent, divalent and trivalent cations, and a d06 spacing at said humidity in the range of from 1.5335 to 1.5176 Angstroms by x-ray diffraction analysis.

Claim 8

A catalytic cracking catalyst comprising dehydrated, calcined, layer-type, trioctahedral, clay-like mineral having prior to dehydration and calcining of said catalyst the empirical formula MgO : sSiO2 : aAl2O3 : bAB : xH2O wherein the layer-lattice structure is composed of said silica, said alumina, said magnesia, said A and said B, and wherein s is from 0.66 to 1.33, a is 0 <a < or = 0.333, b is 0 <b < or = 0.333, A is one equivalent of an exchangeable cation having a valence of 3 or less and is external to the layers of the framework or at the edges or between successive layers of the structure, B is chosen from the group of negative ions consisting of F , OH , 1/2 O and mixtures thereof, and is internal or at the edges and surfaces of the layers of the framework structure, and x is from 2 to 3.5 at 50% relative humidity, said mineral being characterized by a d001 spacing at said humidity within the range which extends from a lower limit of about 10 Angstroms to an upper limit of about 15 Angstroms when A is monovalent and an upper limit of 18 Angstroms when A is divalent or trivalent, with intermediate values possible when A is a mixture of monovalent, divalent and trivalent cations, and a d06 spacing at said humidity in the range of from 1.5335 to 1.5176 Angstroms by x-ray diffraction analysis.

Claim 9

The catalytic cracking catalyst of claim 6 wherein said dehydrated mineral is composited with an amorphous inorganic oxide.

Claim 10

The catalytic cracking catalyst of claim 6 wherein said dehydrated mineral is composited with a zeolite.

Claim 11

A catalyst composite comprising: A. a layer-type, trioctahedral, clay-like mineral having prior to dehydration and calcining of said catalyst the empirical formula MgO : sSiO2 : aAl2O3 : bAB : xH2O wherein the layer-lattice structure is composed of said silica, said alumina, said magnesia, said A and said B, and wherein s is from 0.66 to 1.33, a is 0 <a < or = 0.333, b is 0 <b < or = 0.333, A is one equivalent of an exchangeable cation having a valence of 3 or less and is external to the layers of the framework or at the edges or between successive layers of the structure, B is chosen from the group of negative ions consisting of F , OH , O and mixtures thereof, and is internal or at the edges and surfaces of the layers of the framEwork structure, and x is from 2 to 3.5 at 50% relative humidity, said mineral being characterized by a d001 spacing at said humidity within the range which extends from a lower limit of about 10 Angstroms to an upper limit of about 15 Angstroms when A is monovalent and an upper limit of 18 Angstroms when A is divalent or trivalent, with intermediate values possible when A is a mixture of monovalent, divalent and trivalent cations, and a d06 spacing at said humidity in the range of from 1.5335 to 1.5176 Angstroms by x-ray diffraction analysis; and B. at least one hydrogenation component.

Claim 12

A catalyst composite comprising: A. a layer-type, trioctahedral, clay-like mineral having prior to dehydration and calcining of said catalyst the empirical formula MgO : sSiO2 : aAl2O3 : bAB : xH2O wherein the layer-lattice structure is composed of said silica, said alumina, said magnesia, said A and said B, and wherein s is from 0.66 to 1.33, a is 0 <a < or = 0.333, b is 0 <b < or = 0.333, A is one equivalent of an exchangeable cation having a valence of 3 or less and is external to the layers of the framework or at the edges or between successive layers of the structure, B is chosen from the group of negative ions consisting of F , OH , O and mixtures thereof, and is internal or at the edges and surfaces of the layers of the framEwork structure, and x is from 2 to 3.5 at 50% relative humidity, said mineral being characterized by a d001 spacing at said humidity within the range which extends from a lower limit of about 10 Angstroms to an upper limit of about 15 Angstroms when A is monovalent and an upper limit of 18 Angstroms when A is divalent or trivalent, with intermediate values possible when A is a mixture of monovalent, divalent and trivalent cations, and a d06 spacing at said humidity in the range of from 1.5335 to 1.5176 Angstroms by x-ray diffraction analysis; and B. at least one hydrogenation component.

Claim 13

The catalyst of claim 9 wherein said hydrogenation component is a Group VIB or Group VIII metal, oxide, sulfide, or any combination thereof.

Claim 14

The catalyst of claim 10 wherein said hydrogenation component is palladium.