US3844906A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Dynamic bath control process
Assignee: Xerox Corp
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Filing: 1973-05-21
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Granted: 1974-10-29
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Expires: 1993-05-21
Abstract
Abstract A process for maintaining a continuous and stable aqueous nickel sulfamate electroforming solution adapted to form a relatively thin, ductile, seamless nickel belt by electrolytically depositing nickel from said solution onto a support mandrel and thereafter recovering said nickel belt by cooling said nickel coated mandrel effecting a parting of the nickel belt from the mandrel due to different respective coefficients of thermal expansion comprising: establishing an electroforming zone comprising a nickel anode and a cathode comprising said support mandrel, said anode and cathode being separated by said nickel sulfamate solution maintained at a temperature of about 140* to 160* F and having a current density therein ranging from about 200 to about 500 amps/ft2; imparting sufficient agitation to said solution to continuously expose said cathode to fresh solution; maintaining said solution within said zone at a stable equilibrium composition: Total Nickel 12.0 to 15.0 oz/gal Halide as NiX2.6H2O 0.11 to 0.23 moles/gal H3BO3 4.5 to 6.0 oz/gal ELECTROLYTICALLY REMOVING METALLIC AND ORGANIC IMPURITIES FROM SAID SOLUTION UPON EGRESS THEREOF FROM SAID ELECTROFORMING ZONE: CONTINUOUSLY CHARGING TO SAID SOLUTION ABOUT 1.0 TO 2.0 X 10 4 MOLES OF A STRESS REDUCING AGENT PER MOLE OF NICKEL ELECTROLYTICALLY DEPOSITED FROM SAID SOLUTION; PASSING SAID SOLUTION THROUGH A FILTERING ZONE TO REMOVE ANY SOLID IMPURITIES THEREFROM; COOLING SAID SOLUTION SUFFICIENTLY TO MAINTAIN THE TEMPERATURE WITHIN THE ELECTROFORMING ZONE UPON RECYCLE THERETO AT ABOUT 140* TO 160* F. at the current density in said electroforming zone; and recycling said solution to said electroforming zone.
Inventors
- 👤 R Bailey
- 👤 D Kreckel
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 17:05
CPC Classifications
C; C25; C25D; C25D1/00; C25D1/10; C25D21/00; C25D21/02; C25D3/00; C25D3/02; C25D3/12; C25D3/14; C25D5/00; C25D5/08; C25D5/60; C25D5/605; C25D5/611; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S204/00; Y10S204/13
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 21
Claim 1
Independent Claim
143 words
A PROCESS FOR MAINTAINING A CONTINUOUS AND STABLE AQUEOUS NICKEL SULFAMATE ELECTROFORMING SOLUTION ADAPTED TO FORM A RELATIVELY THIN, DUCTILE, SEAMLESS NICKEL BELT BY ELECTROLYTICALLY DEPOSITING NICKEL FROM SAID SOLUTION ONTO A SUPPORT MANDREL AND THERAFTER RECOVERING SAID NICKEL BELT BY COOLING SAID NICKEL COATED MANDREL EFFECTING A PARTING OF THE NICKEL BELT FROM THE MANDREL DUE TO DIFFERENT RESPECTIVE COEFFICCIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION COMPRISING: ESTABLISHING AN ELECTROFORMING ZONE COMPRISSING A SULFUR DEPOLARIZED NICKEL ANODE AND A CATHODE COMPRISING SAID SUPPORT MANDREL, SAID ANODE AND CATHODE BEING SEPARATED BY SAID NICKEL SULFAMATE SOLUTION MAINTAINED AT A TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 140* TO 1600 F. AND HAVING A CURRENT DENSITY THEREIN RANGING FROM ABOUT 200 TO ABOUT 400 AMPS/FT2, IMPARTING SUFFICIENT AGITATION TO SAID SOLUTION TO CONTINUOUSLY EXPOSE SAID CATHODE TO FRESH SOLUTION; MAINTAININGS SAID SOLUTION WITHIN SAID ZONE AT A STABLE EQUILIBRIUM COMPOSITION COMPRISING:
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
143 words
A PROCESS FOR MAINTAINING A CONTINUOUS AND STABLE AQUEOUS NICKEL SULFAMATE ELECTROFORMING SOLUTION ADAPTED TO FORM A RELATIVELY THIN, DUCTILE, SEAMLESS NICKEL BELT BY ELECTROLYTICALLY DEPOSITING NICKEL FROM SAID SOLUTION ONTO A SUPPORT MANDREL AND THERAFTER RECOVERING SAID NICKEL BELT BY COOLING SAID NICKEL COATED MANDREL EFFECTING A PARTING OF THE NICKEL BELT FROM THE MANDREL DUE TO DIFFERENT RESPECTIVE COEFFICCIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION COMPRISING: ESTABLISHING AN ELECTROFORMING ZONE COMPRISSING A SULFUR DEPOLARIZED NICKEL ANODE AND A CATHODE COMPRISING SAID SUPPORT MANDREL, SAID ANODE AND CATHODE BEING SEPARATED BY SAID NICKEL SULFAMATE SOLUTION MAINTAINED AT A TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 140* TO 1600 F. AND HAVING A CURRENT DENSITY THEREIN RANGING FROM ABOUT 200 TO ABOUT 400 AMPS/FT2, IMPARTING SUFFICIENT AGITATION TO SAID SOLUTION TO CONTINUOUSLY EXPOSE SAID CATHODE TO FRESH SOLUTION; MAINTAININGS SAID SOLUTION WITHIN SAID ZONE AT A STABLE EQUILIBRIUM COMPOSITION COMPRISING:
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
14 words
Process as defined in claim 1 wherein the stress reducing agent is sodium sulfobenzimide.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
19 words
Process as defined in claim 1 wherein the stress reducing agent is a mixture of sodium sulfobenzimide and 2-methylbenzenesulfonamide.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
19 words
Process as defined in claim 1 wherein the pH of the electroforming solution ranges from about 3.9 to 4.05.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
23 words
Process as defined in claim 1 wherein the surface tension of the nickel sulfamate solution ranges from about 33 to about 37 dynes/cm2.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
30 words
Process as defined in claim 5 wherein the surface tension is maintained within said range by charging a surfactant to said solution in an amount up to about 0.014 oz/gal.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
13 words
Process as defined in claim 6 wherein the surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
15 words
Process as defined in claim 1 wherein the electroforming solution is prepared with de-ionized water.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
16 words
Process as defined in claim 1 wherein the nickel belt obtained exhibits an internal stress of
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
142 words
A process for maintaining a continuous and stable aqueous nickel sulfamate electroforming solution adapted to form a relatively thin, ductile, seamless nickel belt by electrolytically depositing nickel from said solution onto a support mandrel and thereafter recovering said nickel belt by cooling said nickel coated mandrel effecting a parting of the nickel belt from the mandrel due to different respective coefficients of thermal expansion comprising: establishing an electroforming zone comprising a sulfur depolarized nickel anode and a cathode comprising said support mandrel, said anode and cathode being separate by said nickel sulfamate solution maintained at a temperature of about 150* to 160*F. and having a current density therein ranging from about 250 to about 350 amps/ft2; imparting sufficient agitation to said solution to continuously expose said cathode to fresh solution; maintaining said solution within said zone at a stable equilibrium composition comprising:
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
142 words
A process for maintaining a continuous and stable aqueous nickel sulfamate electroforming solution adapted to form a relatively thin, ductile, seamless nickel belt by electrolytically depositing nickel from said solution onto a support mandrel and thereafter recovering said nickel belt by cooling said nickel coated mandrel effecting a parting of the nickel belt from the mandrel due to different respective coefficients of thermal expansion comprising: establishing an electroforming zone comprising a sulfur depolarized nickel anode and a cathode comprising said support mandrel, said anode and cathode being separate by said nickel sulfamate solution maintained at a temperature of about 150* to 160*F. and having a current density therein ranging from about 250 to about 350 amps/ft2; imparting sufficient agitation to said solution to continuously expose said cathode to fresh solution; maintaining said solution within said zone at a stable equilibrium composition comprising:
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
14 words
Process as defined in claim 10 wherein the current density is about 300 amps/ft2.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
17 words
Process as defined in claim 10 wherein the current concentration ranges from about 5 to 15 amps/gal.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
23 words
Process as defined in claim 10 wherein the solution flow rate across the mandrel surface ranges from about 4 to 10 linear feet/second.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
14 words
Process as defined in claim 10 wherein the stress reducing agent is sodium sulfobenzimide.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
19 words
Process as defined in claim 10 wherein the stress reducing agent is a mixture of sodium sulfobenzimide and 2-methylbenzenesulfonamide.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
22 words
Process as defined in claim 15 wherein the weight ratio of 2-methylbenzenesulfonamide to sodium sulfobenzimide ranges from about 2:1 to about 2.5:1.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
30 words
Process as defined in claim 10 wherein the surface tension is maintained within said range by charging a surfactant to said solution in an amount up to about 0.014 oz/gal.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
13 words
Process is defined in claim 17 wherein the surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
15 words
Process as defined in claim 10 wherEin the nickel belt exhibits an internal stress of
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1977-10-28 | 1978-04-29 | 1978-10-29 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1981-10-28 | 1982-04-29 | 1982-10-29 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1985-10-28 | 1986-04-29 | 1986-10-29 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |