US3844754A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Process of ion exchange of glass
Assignee: OI Glass Inc
•
Filing: 1970-02-04
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Granted: 1974-10-29
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Expires: 1990-02-04
Abstract
Abstract Glass articles can be strengthened by applying thereto a salt of an alkali metal, different from the alkali metal in the glass, and carrying out an ion exchange at a temperature below the strain point of the glass. The salt, which must contain an alkali metal carbonate, is deposited on the glass article as a mixture with water, or an organic solvent or both. The ion exchange is carried out for a period of time to form a compressive stress surface layer on the glass article, but for a time insufficient to provide ion exchange to a substantial degree in the interior portion of the glass and for a time insufficient to cause substantial stress relaxation of the glass in the surface layer.
Inventors
- 👤 E Grubb
- 👤 Due A La
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 07:54
CPC Classifications
C; C03; C03C; C03C21/00; C03C21/001; C03C21/002; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/31; Y10T428/315
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 31
Claim 1
Independent Claim
23 words
A PROCESS FOR TREATING AN ARTICLE COMPOSED OF AN INORGANIC SILICATE GLASS CONTAINING IONS OF AN ALKALI METAL EXPRESSED AS OXIDE, WHICH COMPRISES:
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
23 words
A PROCESS FOR TREATING AN ARTICLE COMPOSED OF AN INORGANIC SILICATE GLASS CONTAINING IONS OF AN ALKALI METAL EXPRESSED AS OXIDE, WHICH COMPRISES:
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
146 words
APPLYING TO THE GLASS ARTICLE A MIXTURE OF AN INORGANIC SALT OF A DIFFERENT ALKALI METAL AND WATER, OR AN ORGANIC LIQUID OR A MIXTURE THEREOF, FORMING ON AT LEAST AN AREA OF A SURFACE OF SAID GLASS ARTICLE A SUBSTANTIALLY CONTINUOUS LAYER OF MATERIAL CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF AT LEAST 90 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF A SALT OF A DIFFERENT ALKALI METAL, SAID ALKALI METAL OXIDE IN SAID GLASS AT LEAST IN A SURFACE LAYER AT SAID AREA OXIDE IN SAID GLASS IN AT LEAST ABOUT 5 PERCENT BY WEIGHT EXPRESSED AS SODA MOLE EQUIVALENT, SAID ALKALI METAL OXIDE IN SAID GLASS BEING SODA AND WHEREIN THE ALKALI METAL SALT OF THE LAYER FORMED ON THE GLASS AT SAID AREA CONTAINS POTASSIUM CARBONATE IN A MOLAR RATIO OF POTASSIUM CARBONATE TO THE TOTAL OF ANY OTHER POTASSIUM SALT PRESENT IN THE LAYER IN AT LEAST 1:5;
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
146 words
APPLYING TO THE GLASS ARTICLE A MIXTURE OF AN INORGANIC SALT OF A DIFFERENT ALKALI METAL AND WATER, OR AN ORGANIC LIQUID OR A MIXTURE THEREOF, FORMING ON AT LEAST AN AREA OF A SURFACE OF SAID GLASS ARTICLE A SUBSTANTIALLY CONTINUOUS LAYER OF MATERIAL CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF AT LEAST 90 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF A SALT OF A DIFFERENT ALKALI METAL, SAID ALKALI METAL OXIDE IN SAID GLASS AT LEAST IN A SURFACE LAYER AT SAID AREA OXIDE IN SAID GLASS IN AT LEAST ABOUT 5 PERCENT BY WEIGHT EXPRESSED AS SODA MOLE EQUIVALENT, SAID ALKALI METAL OXIDE IN SAID GLASS BEING SODA AND WHEREIN THE ALKALI METAL SALT OF THE LAYER FORMED ON THE GLASS AT SAID AREA CONTAINS POTASSIUM CARBONATE IN A MOLAR RATIO OF POTASSIUM CARBONATE TO THE TOTAL OF ANY OTHER POTASSIUM SALT PRESENT IN THE LAYER IN AT LEAST 1:5;
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
128 words
MAINTAINING SAID SURFACE AREA OF GLASS AND SAID LAYER OF MATERIAL AT AN ELEVATED TEMPERATURE AT LEAST ABOUT 200*C BUT BELOW THE STRAIN POINT OF THE GLASS AND AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AND FOR A PERIOD OF TIME BETWEEN A FEW SECONDS AND ABOUT 24 HOURS, ONLY FOR SOME OF SAID ALKALI METAL OF THE GLASS IN THE SURFACE LAYER OF THE GLASS TO EXCHANGE WITH SAID DIFFERENCE ALKALI METAL TO PROVIDE A COMPRESSIVE STRESS SURFACE LAYER IN THE GLASS ARTICLE IN SAID LAYER BUT FOR A TIME INSUFFICIENT TO PROVIDE SUCH ION EXCHANGE TO A SUBSTANTIAL DEGREE IN THE INTERIOR PORTION OF THE GLASS OF THE ARTICLE AND FOR A TIME INSUFFICIENT TO PROVIDE SUBSTANTIAL STRESS RELAXATION OF SAID GLASS IN SAID SURFACE LAYER OF SAID AREA; AND
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
128 words
MAINTAINING SAID SURFACE AREA OF GLASS AND SAID LAYER OF MATERIAL AT AN ELEVATED TEMPERATURE AT LEAST ABOUT 200*C BUT BELOW THE STRAIN POINT OF THE GLASS AND AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AND FOR A PERIOD OF TIME BETWEEN A FEW SECONDS AND ABOUT 24 HOURS, ONLY FOR SOME OF SAID ALKALI METAL OF THE GLASS IN THE SURFACE LAYER OF THE GLASS TO EXCHANGE WITH SAID DIFFERENCE ALKALI METAL TO PROVIDE A COMPRESSIVE STRESS SURFACE LAYER IN THE GLASS ARTICLE IN SAID LAYER BUT FOR A TIME INSUFFICIENT TO PROVIDE SUCH ION EXCHANGE TO A SUBSTANTIAL DEGREE IN THE INTERIOR PORTION OF THE GLASS OF THE ARTICLE AND FOR A TIME INSUFFICIENT TO PROVIDE SUBSTANTIAL STRESS RELAXATION OF SAID GLASS IN SAID SURFACE LAYER OF SAID AREA; AND
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
118 words
maintaining said surface area of glass and said layer of material at an elevated temperature sufficiently high but below the strain point of the glass and at atmospheric pressure and for a period of time only for some of said alkali metal of the glass in the surface layer of the glass to exchange with said different alkali metal to provide a compressive stress surface layer in the glass article in said layer but for a time insufficient to provide such ion exchange to a substantial degree in the interior portion of the glass of the article and for a time insufficient to provide substantial stress relaxation of said glass in said surface layer of said area; and
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
118 words
maintaining said surface area of glass and said layer of material at an elevated temperature sufficiently high but below the strain point of the glass and at atmospheric pressure and for a period of time only for some of said alkali metal of the glass in the surface layer of the glass to exchange with said different alkali metal to provide a compressive stress surface layer in the glass article in said layer but for a time insufficient to provide such ion exchange to a substantial degree in the interior portion of the glass of the article and for a time insufficient to provide substantial stress relaxation of said glass in said surface layer of said area; and
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process for treating an article composed of an inorganic silicate glass containing ions of an alkali metal expressed as oxide, which comprises:
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process for treating an article composed of an inorganic silicate glass containing ions of an alkali metal expressed as oxide, which comprises:
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
128 words
maintaining said surface area of glass and said layer of material at an elevated temperature at least about 200*C but below the strain point of thE glass and at atmospheric pressure and for a period of time between a few seconds and about 24 hours, only for some of said alkali metal of the glass in the surface layer of the glass to exchange with said different alkali metal to provide a compressive stress surface layer in the glass article in said layer but for a time insufficient to provide such ion exchange to a substantial degree in the interior portion of the glass of the article and for a time insufficient to provide substantial stress relaxation of said glass in said surface layer of said area; and
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
128 words
maintaining said surface area of glass and said layer of material at an elevated temperature at least about 200*C but below the strain point of thE glass and at atmospheric pressure and for a period of time between a few seconds and about 24 hours, only for some of said alkali metal of the glass in the surface layer of the glass to exchange with said different alkali metal to provide a compressive stress surface layer in the glass article in said layer but for a time insufficient to provide such ion exchange to a substantial degree in the interior portion of the glass of the article and for a time insufficient to provide substantial stress relaxation of said glass in said surface layer of said area; and
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
117 words
maintaining said surface area of glass and said layer of material at an elevated temperature sufficiently high but below the strain point of the glass and at atmospheric pressure and for a period of time only for some of said alkali metal of the glass in the surface layer of the glass to exchange with the potassium ions to provide a compressive stress surface layer in the glass article in said layer but for a time insufficient to provide such ion exchange to a substantial degree in the interior portion of the glass of the article and for a time insufficient to provide substantial stress relaxation of said glass in said surface layer of said area; and
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
117 words
maintaining said surface area of glass and said layer of material at an elevated temperature sufficiently high but below the strain point of the glass and at atmospheric pressure and for a period of time only for some of said alkali metal of the glass in the surface layer of the glass to exchange with the potassium ions to provide a compressive stress surface layer in the glass article in said layer but for a time insufficient to provide such ion exchange to a substantial degree in the interior portion of the glass of the article and for a time insufficient to provide substantial stress relaxation of said glass in said surface layer of said area; and
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
117 words
maintaining said surface area of glass and said layer of material at an elevated temperature sufficiently high but below the strain point of the glass and at atmospheric pressure and for a period of time only for some of said alkali metal of the glass in the surface layer of the glass to exchange wiTh the potassium ions to provide a compressive stress surface layer in the glass article in said layer but for a time insufficient to provide such ion exchange to a substantial degree in the interior portion of the glass of the article and for a time insufficient to provide substantial stress relaxation of said glass in said surface layer of said area; and
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
117 words
maintaining said surface area of glass and said layer of material at an elevated temperature sufficiently high but below the strain point of the glass and at atmospheric pressure and for a period of time only for some of said alkali metal of the glass in the surface layer of the glass to exchange wiTh the potassium ions to provide a compressive stress surface layer in the glass article in said layer but for a time insufficient to provide such ion exchange to a substantial degree in the interior portion of the glass of the article and for a time insufficient to provide substantial stress relaxation of said glass in said surface layer of said area; and
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process for treating an article composed of soda-lime-silica glass containing ions of an alkali metal expressed as oxide, which comprises:
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process for treating an article composed of soda-lime-silica glass containing ions of an alkali metal expressed as oxide, which comprises:
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
30 words
cooling the glass article to a temperature at which said ion exchange does not occur, said layer of material and said potassium carbonate therein being solid at said elevated temperature.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
30 words
cooling the glass article to a temperature at which said ion exchange does not occur, said layer of material and said potassium carbonate therein being solid at said elevated temperature.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
30 words
cooling the glass article to a temperature at which said ion exchange does not occur, said layer of material and said potassium carbonate therein being solid at said elevated temperature.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
30 words
cooling the glass article to a temperature at which said ion exchange does not occur, said layer of material and said potassium carbonate therein being solid at said elevated temperature.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
30 words
COOLING THE GLASS ARTICLE TO A TEMPERATURE AT WHICH SAID ION EXCHANGE DOES NOT OCCUR, SAID LAYER OF MATERIAL AND SAID ALKALI METAL THEREIN BEING SOLID AT SAID ELEVATED TEMPERATURE.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
30 words
COOLING THE GLASS ARTICLE TO A TEMPERATURE AT WHICH SAID ION EXCHANGE DOES NOT OCCUR, SAID LAYER OF MATERIAL AND SAID ALKALI METAL THEREIN BEING SOLID AT SAID ELEVATED TEMPERATURE.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
31 words
cooling the glass article to a temperature at which said ion exchange does not occur, said layer of material and said alkali metal salt therein being solid at said elevated temperature.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
31 words
cooling the glass article to a temperature at which said ion exchange does not occur, said layer of material and said alkali metal salt therein being solid at said elevated temperature.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
48 words
cooling the glass article to a temperature at which said ion exchange does not occur, said layer of material and said alkali metal salt therein being solid at said elevated temperature, and wherein the glass contains as its ingredients, expressed as oxides, the following in weight percent ranges:
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
48 words
cooling the glass article to a temperature at which said ion exchange does not occur, said layer of material and said alkali metal salt therein being solid at said elevated temperature, and wherein the glass contains as its ingredients, expressed as oxides, the following in weight percent ranges:
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process for testing an article composed of an inorganic glass containing ions of an alkali metal expressed as oxide, which comprises:
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process for testing an article composed of an inorganic glass containing ions of an alkali metal expressed as oxide, which comprises:
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 4 wherein the potassium carbonate aqueous solution is a saturated solution of potassium carbonate.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1977-10-28 | 1978-04-29 | 1978-10-29 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1981-10-28 | 1982-04-29 | 1982-10-29 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1985-10-28 | 1986-04-29 | 1986-10-29 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |