Candles and manufacture thereof

Claim 2

A CONDLE COMPRISING A BODY HAVING THEREIN A WICK, A. SAID BODY COMPRISING ON A 100 WEIGHT PERCENT BASIS A THERMOPLASTIC BLEND OF

Claim 3

FROM ABOUT 6 TO 55 WEIGHT PERCENT OF AT LEAST ONE

Claim 4

FROM ABOUT 6 TO 55 WEIGHT PERCENT OF AT LEAST ONE

Claim 5

BE IMPREGNATED BY SAID BLEND WHEN SAID BLEND IS IN A HEATED, LIQUIFIED FORM, AND

Claim 6

BE IMPREGNATED BY SAID BLEND WHEN SAID BLEND IS IN A HEATED, LIQUIFIED FORM, AND

Claim 7

PROVIDE CAPILLARY ACTION FOR SUCH HEATED, LIQUIFIED FORM OF SAID BLEND, C. THE COMBINATION OF SAID BODY AND SAID WICH BEING SUCH THAT, WHEN AN UPPER END OF SAID WICK IS IN A GENERALLY VERTICAL CONFIGURATION AND IS IGNITED, SAID WICK BURNS WITH A GENERALLY LUMINOUS FLAME AND COMBUSTS GRADUALLY BOTH ITSELF AND SAID BODY.

Claim 8

PROVIDE CAPILLARY ACTION FOR SUCH HEATED, LIQUIFIED FORM OF SAID BLEND, C. THE COMBINATION OF SAID BODY AND SAID WICH BEING SUCH THAT, WHEN AN UPPER END OF SAID WICK IS IN A GENERALLY VERTICAL CONFIGURATION AND IS IGNITED, SAID WICK BURNS WITH A GENERALLY LUMINOUS FLAME AND COMBUSTS GRADUALLY BOTH ITSELF AND SAID BODY.

Claim 9

FROM ABOUT 45 TO 55 94 WEIGHT PERCENT OF AT LEAST ONE GLYCERIDE, B. SAID WICK BEING ADAPTED TO

Claim 10

FROM ABOUT 45 TO 55 94 WEIGHT PERCENT OF AT LEAST ONE GLYCERIDE, B. SAID WICK BEING ADAPTED TO

Claim 11

The candle of claim 1 wherein said wick comprises a plurality of combustible, organic fibrous members disposed in generally adjacent relationship to one another and wherein said body is in a solid or semi-solid form at room temperatures and pressures.

Claim 12

from about 45 to 94 weight percent of at least one glyceride, B. said wick Being adapted to

Claim 13

from about 45 to 94 weight percent of at least one glyceride, B. said wick Being adapted to

Claim 14

provide capillary action for such heated, liquified form of said blend, C. the combination of said body and said wick being such that, when an upper end of said wick is in a generally vertical configuration and is ignited, said wick burns with a generally luminous flame and combusts gradually both itself and said body.

Claim 15

provide capillary action for such heated, liquified form of said blend, C. the combination of said body and said wick being such that, when an upper end of said wick is in a generally vertical configuration and is ignited, said wick burns with a generally luminous flame and combusts gradually both itself and said body.

Claim 16

provide capillary action for such heated, liquified form of said blend, C. removing said so immersed wick from said liquid blend with a pOrtion of said liquid blend deposited thereon, D. cooling said so-deposited blend while maintaining said resulting wick in a generally vertical configuration at least until said liquid blend solidifies, and E. sequentially repeating steps (B), (C) and (D) until a body of desired dimensions is built up about said wick.

Claim 17

provide capillary action for such heated, liquified form of said blend, C. removing said so immersed wick from said liquid blend with a pOrtion of said liquid blend deposited thereon, D. cooling said so-deposited blend while maintaining said resulting wick in a generally vertical configuration at least until said liquid blend solidifies, and E. sequentially repeating steps (B), (C) and (D) until a body of desired dimensions is built up about said wick.

Claim 18

provide capillary action for such heated, liquified form of said blend, and C. cooling said so-deposited blend.

Claim 19

provide capillary action for such heated, liquified form of said blend, and C. cooling said so-deposited blend.

Claim 20

The candle of claim 1 wherein said wick and said body are substantially completely combusted as said wick so burns.

Claim 21

The candle of claim 1 wherein said blend comprises (a) from about 15 to 45 weight percent of ethyl cellulose having an ethoxyl content of from about 45 to 49 weight percent (total cellulose basis) and a viscosity of from about 50 to 300 centipoises when measured as a 5 weight percent concentration at 25*C in an 80:20 toluene/ethanol solution using a sample dried for 30 minutes at 100*C, and (b) from about 55 to 85 weight percent of at least one triglyceride having a molecular weight above about 650.

Claim 22

The candle of claim 4 wherein said triglyceride is castor oil.

Claim 23

The candle of claim 1 wherein said body has incorporated thereinto from 0 up to about 40 weight percent (total candle body weight basis) of at least one additive selected from the group consisting of (a) organic compounds containing at least one oxa or at least one oxo group and from about 7 through 50 carbon atoms per molecule, and (b) viscous petroleum hydrocarbons containing at least about 15 carbon atoms per molecule, said additive being further characterized by being soluble in corn oil at the rate of 10 parts additive per 100 parts corn oil and by having when so dissolved in corn oil the capacity to dissolve ethyl cellulose having an ethoxyl content ranging from about 45.0 to 49.0 weight percent total ethyl cellulose basis in such corn oil solution at the rate of about 20 parts by weight of such ethyl cellulose per 100 parts by weight of such corn oil solution at about 180*C within a time interval of about 15 minutes, the total amount of any given such additive used in any given said candle body being generally insufficient to cause either the torch effect, or the bleeding effect.

Claim 24

The candle of claim 6 wherein the amount of any given such additive used in any given said candle body is additionally generally insufficient to cause opacity.

Claim 25

The candle of claim 6 wherein said additive is employed at the rate of from about 3 to 20 weight percent (total candle body weight basis), the total amount of any given such additive used in any given said candle body being generally insufficient to cause either the torch effect or the bleeding effect.

Claim 26

The candle of claim 6 additionally containing less than about 10 weight percent (total candle body weight basis) of an organophosphate.

Claim 27

The candle of claim 6 additionally containing less than about 30 weight percent (total candle body weight basis) of a material selected from the class consisting of rosin adducts.

Claim 28

The candle of claim 5 wherein said triglyceride is selected from the group consisting of corn oil, soybean oil and safflower oil.

Claim 29

The candle of claim 1 wherein said glyceride is selected from the group consisting of semi-drying oils and non-drying oils.

Claim 30

The candle of claim 1 wherein said glyceride comprises from about 1 to 30 weight percent of at least one glyceride oil from the group consisting of safflower oil, corn oil, soybean oil, and olive oil mixed with a balanCe up to 100 weight percent of castor oil.

Claim 31

The candle of claim 1 wherein said body is substantially transparent.

Claim 32

The candle of claim 6 wherein said body is substantially transparent.

Claim 33

A process for making a candle comprising the steps of: A. dissolving at a temperature ranging from about 100* to 200*C. from about 6 to 55 weight percent ethyl cellulose in from about 45 to 94 weight percent glyceride on a 100 weight percent total basis to produce a uniform, heat fused liquid blend, B. depositing the so-heated and so-produced liquid blend in a mold cavity of predetermined dimensions, said cavity having a wick extending through a mid-region thereof in one direction, said wick comprising a plurality of combustible fibrous members in generally adjacent relationship to one another and adapted to

Claim 34

A process for making a candle comprising the steps of: A. dissolving at a temperature ranging from about 100* to 200*C. from about 6 to 55 weight percent ethyl cellulose in from about 45 to 94 weight percent glyceride on a 100 weight percent total basis to produce a uniform, heat fused liquid blend, B. depositing the so-heated and so-produced liquid blend in a mold cavity of predetermined dimensions, said cavity having a wick extending through a mid-region thereof in one direction, said wick comprising a plurality of combustible fibrous members in generally adjacent relationship to one another and adapted to

Claim 35

The process of claim 15 wherein from about 15 to 45 weight percent ethyl cellulose having an ethoxyl content of from about 45 to 49 weight percent (total cellulose basis) and a viscosity of from about 50 to 300 centipoises when measured as a 5 weight percent concentration at 25*C in an 80:20 toluene/ethanol solution using a sample dried for 30 minutes at 100*C, is dissolved in from about 55 to 85 weight percent of at least one triglyceride having a molecular weight above about 650 (total 100 weight percent composition basis).

Claim 36

The process of claim 17 wherein said triglyceride is castor oil.

Claim 37

The process of claim 16 wherein said glyceride initially has dissolved therein from 0 up to about 40 weight percent, total compsition weight basis, of at least one additive selected from the group consisting of (a) organic compounds containing at least one oxa or at least one oxo group and from about 7 through 50 carbon atoms per molecule, and (b) viscous petroleum hydrocarbons containing at least about 15 carbon atoms per molecule, said additive being further characterized by being soluble in corn oil at the rate of 10 parts additive per 100 parts corn oil and by having when so dissolved in corn oil the capacity to dissolve ethyl cellulose having an ethoxyl content ranging from about 45.0 to 49.0 weight percent total ethyl cellulose basis in such corn oil solution at the rate of about 20 parts by weight of such ethyl cellulose per 100 parts by weight of such corn oil solution at about 180*C within a time interval of about 15 minutes, the total amount of any given such additive used in any given said composition being generally insufficient to cause either the torch effect/or the bleeding effect.

Claim 38

The process of claim 19 wherein the amount of any given such additive used in any given said composition is additionally generally insufficient to cause opacity in the resulting cooled such composition.

Claim 39

A process for making a candle comprising the steps of: A. dissolving at a temperature ranging from about 100* to 200*C. from about 6 to 55 weight percent ethyl cellulose in from about 45 to 94 weight percent glyceride on a 100 weight percent total basis to produce a uniform, heat fused liquid blend, B. immersing a wick in an extended condition in said liquid blend, said wick comprising a plurality of combustible fibrous members in generally adjacent relationship to one another and adapted to

Claim 40

A process for making a candle comprising the steps of: A. dissolving at a temperature ranging from about 100* to 200*C. from about 6 to 55 weight percent ethyl cellulose in from about 45 to 94 weight percent glyceride on a 100 weight percent total basis to produce a uniform, heat fused liquid blend, B. immersing a wick in an extended condition in said liquid blend, said wick comprising a plurality of combustible fibrous members in generally adjacent relationship to one another and adapted to

Claim 41

The candle of claim 1 wherein said ethyl cellulose is substantially ashless.

Claim 42

The candle of claim 6 wherein said ethyl cellulose is substantially ashless.