Apparatus for no-contact measurement of the velocity, the path or the range of objects

Claim 3

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a geometrical beam splitter (50;52) is located along the optical axis between said means for projecting and said grating.

Claim 4

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the grating is also a beam splitter.

Claim 5

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein drive means are provided for the continuous movement of the grating relative to the optical axis.

Claim 6

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein drive means are provided for the continuous movement of the grating relative to a point on the optical axis.

Claim 7

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a polarizing beam splitter (2) is located along the optical axis between said means for projecting and said grating, said grating is a radial grating (3'''''') with an axis of rotation having means for rotating at a constant frequency and means for shifting the sites of said image on the grating by 90* with respect to one another and with reference to said axis of rotation.

Claim 8

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein for the purpose of measuring motion in two mutually perpendicular coordinate directions, said grating comprises two gratings (3'', 3''''), the position of the line directions of these grating with respect to one another corresponding to the two desired measuring coordinate directions; a first common polarizing beam splitter (2) is located in front of said gratings; a quarter-wave plate (20, 21) is arranged respectively in the optical axis between said first beam splitter and said gratings; and said beam splitter has a third exit surface associated with a second polarizing beam splitter (22) for splitting up the proportions of the beam reflected by said gratings according to their directions of polarization and feeding them to separate first photoelectric receivers (28, 30) which are pairwise in phase opposition with second photoelectric receivers (27, 29) connected after said gratings.

Claim 9

In an apparatus for the no-contact measurement of the velocity, the path or the range of objects without special optical markers with respect to a reference position comprising an objective means with an optical axis for projecting an image of said objects to an image plane located along the optical axis, a grating located along the optical axis receiving said projected image and emitting light which has penetrated the grating, and photoelectric means for receiving said penetrated light and generating signals proportional to the velocity of motion of the object, the improvement comprising: said grating having a transparent support and reflective grating lines; said photoelectric means comprising at least two photoelectric receivers the outputs of which are pairwise in phase opposition; a polarizing beam splitter located along the optical axis between said means for projecting and said grating for projecting an image of the objects from said reflective grating lines to at least one of said photoelectric receivers; and a quarter-wave plate located along the optical axis between said beam splitter and said grating.

Claim 10

In an apparatus for the no-contact measurement of the velocity, the path or the range of objects without special optical markers with respect to a reference position comprising an objective means with an optical axis for projecting an image of said objects to an image plane located along the optical axis, a grating located along the optical axis receiving said projected image and emitting light which has penetrated the grating, and photoelectric means for receiving said penetrated light and generating signals proportional to the velocity of motion of the object, the improvement comprising: said grating having a transparent support and reflective grating lines; said photoelectric means comprising at least two photoelectric receivers the outputs of which are pairwise in phase opposition; a polarizing beam splitter located along the optical axis between said means for projecting and said grating for projecting an image of the objects from said reflective grating lines to at least one of said photoelectric receivers; and a quarter-wave plate located along the optical axis between said beam splitter and said grating.

Claim 11

The apparatus of claim 8, wherein means (10; 19,51) for the visual observation of the object to be measured are provided.

Claim 12

The apparatus of claim 8 wherein means are provided for varying the relative position between said grating and the image plane in the direction of the optical axis.

Claim 13

In an apparatus for the no-Contact measurement of the velocity, the path or the range of objects without special optical markers with respect to a reference position comprising an objective means with an optical axis for projecting an image of said objects to an image plane located along the optical axis, a grating located along the optical axis receiving said projected image and emitting light which has penetrated the grating, and photoelectric means for receiving said penetrated light and generating signals proportional to the velocity of motion of the object, the improvement comprising: said grating having a transparent support and reflective grating lines; said photoelectric means comprising at least two photoelectric receivers the outputs of which are pairwise in phase opposition and are mounted adjacent opposite sides of said grating; drive means are provided for the continuous rotation of the grating relative to the optical axis; and means for obtaining reference signals based on the speed of rotation are located on an extension of a line connecting the axis of rotation of the grating and the imaging site.

Claim 14

In an apparatus for the no-Contact measurement of the velocity, the path or the range of objects without special optical markers with respect to a reference position comprising an objective means with an optical axis for projecting an image of said objects to an image plane located along the optical axis, a grating located along the optical axis receiving said projected image and emitting light which has penetrated the grating, and photoelectric means for receiving said penetrated light and generating signals proportional to the velocity of motion of the object, the improvement comprising: said grating having a transparent support and reflective grating lines; said photoelectric means comprising at least two photoelectric receivers the outputs of which are pairwise in phase opposition and are mounted adjacent opposite sides of said grating; drive means are provided for the continuous rotation of the grating relative to the optical axis; and means for obtaining reference signals based on the speed of rotation are located on an extension of a line connecting the axis of rotation of the grating and the imaging site.