US3821086A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Enzymatic process using immobilized microbial cells
Assignee: RJ Reynolds Tobacco Co
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Filing: 1971-07-09
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Granted: 1974-06-28
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Expires: 1991-07-09
Abstract
Abstract Microbial cells having active enzymes associated therewith are subjected to flocculation conditions to produce a flocculated whole cell aggregate that is useful in effecting enzyme-catalyzed chemical transformations. Substrates are brought into contact with the flocculated cell aggregates where they undergo chemical transformations in the presence of active enzymes associated with the cells.
Inventors
- 👤 C Lee
- 👤 M Long
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 06:28
CPC Classifications
C; C12; C12N; C12N1/00; C12N1/02; C12N11/00; C12N11/02; C12P; C12P19/00; C12P19/24; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S435/00; Y10S435/813; Y10S435/8215; Y10S435/822; Y10S435/83; Y10S435/886; Y10S435/902; Y10S435/911; Y10S435/913; Y10S435/917; Y10S435/918; Y10S435/94; Y10S435/942
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 15
Claim 1
Independent Claim
23 words
A process according to claim 1 in which said flocculating agent is selected from the group consisting of anionic polyelectrolytes and cationic polyelectrolytes.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process according to claim 1 in which said aggregate comprises whole microbial cells, a flocculating agent and a filter aid.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process according to claim 1 in which said aggregate is dried prior to use in said enzyme-catalyzed transformation.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process according to claim 1 in which said aggregate is frozen prior to use in said enzyme-catalyzed transformation.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
47 words
In a process for converting glucose to fructose in the presence of whole microbial cells containing active quantities of a glucose-isomerizing enzyme, the improvement which comprises contacting a glucose-containing liquor with an aggregate possessing glucose-isomerizing enzyme activity and comprising said cells flocculated with a polyelectrolyte flocculating agent.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process according to claim 6 in which said cells are derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Arthrobacter.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
18 words
A process according to claim 7 in which said aggregate is dried prior to use in said process.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process according to claim 6 in which said cells are derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Streptomyces.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
56 words
A continuous process for converting glucose to fructose in the presence of polyelectrolyte-flocculated whole microbial cells containing active quantities of a glucose-isomerizing enzyme which comprises passing a glucose-containing liquor through a bed of said cells to convert a portion of the glucose in said liquor to fructose and recovering an effluent liquor containing glucose and fructose.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process according to claim 10 in which said cells are derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Arthrobacter.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
52 words
A process according to claim 11 in which said cells are dried prior to use, said bed is maintained at a temperature between 50* and 90* C., said glucose-containing liquor has a pH of about 6 to 10 and the portion of glucose converted to fructose is between 1 and 50 percent.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process according to claim 10 in which said cells are derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Streptomyces.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
82 words
A process for converting glucose to fructose which comprises contacting under conditions suitable for glucose isomerization an aqueous glucose-containing solution with flocculated microbial cells having active quantities of a glucose-isomerizing enzyme associated therewith to effect isomerization of a portion of said glucose, wherein said flocculated cells are used in the form of an aggregate resulting from prior treatment of unflocculated cells with a polyelectrolyte flocculating agent with said flocculating agent including a cationic polyelectrolyte and said aggregate being dried prior to use.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process according to claim 14 in which said aggregate is maintained at a temperature between 50* and 90* C., said glucose-containing solution has a pH of about 6 to 10 and said cells are derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Arthrobacter.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process according to claim 14 in which said cells are derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Streptomyces.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
No citation records indexed.
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1977-06-27 | 1977-12-27 | 1978-06-28 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1981-06-27 | 1981-12-27 | 1982-06-28 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1985-06-27 | 1985-12-27 | 1986-06-28 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |