US3818200A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Method for measuring the size of the disperse elements in a fluid immiscible two-phase system
Assignee: Individual
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Filing: 1973-01-02
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Granted: 1974-06-18
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Expires: 1993-01-02
Abstract
Abstract A method for measuring the size of the disperse elements in a fluid immiscible two-phase system comprising separating a partial stream from the two-phase mixture to be investigated, passing it through a capillary past a first sensing means and then past a second sensing means, said first and second sensing means generating signals lasting from the beginning to the end of each plug or discrete portion of laminar flow flowing through the capillary, the velocity of each plug being determined by the distance between said first and second sensing means and the time lag between said sensing signals. In a preferred embodiment, the actual cross section of the plugs is measured by the plug velocity with the aid of constants specific to the system and finally, the volume of each plug is determined from its cross section and its length, the latter being calculated from its velocity and from the duration of one of said sensing signals. Also, an apparatus for performing the method comprising a transparent capillary having a funnel shaped enlargement at its end, and being connected with a circumferential support means, a tube having inserted into one end thereof said support means, and having arranged therein a detection block containing said sensing means, a spacing means and a cable duct.
Inventors
- 👤 T Pilhofer
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 03:37
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N15/00; G01N15/10; G01N15/14; G01N15/1456; G01N15/1459; G01N2015/0023; G01N2015/003; G01N2015/1027; G01N2015/1493
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 16
Claim 1
Independent Claim
134 words
A method for measuring the size of the disperse elements in a fluid immiscible two-phase system comprising separating a partial stream from the mixture to be investigated, transforming the disperse elements contained therein into plugs and passing said plugs through a capillary past a first sensing means generating a signal lasting from the beginning to the end of the corresponding plug, then passing the said plug past a second sensing means generating a second signal lasting from the beginning to the end of said plug, determining from the distance between said sensing means and the time lag between said first signal and said second signal the veLocity of each plug, and calculating from the velocity of each plug and from the duration of one of said signals generated thereby the length of each plug.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
134 words
A method for measuring the size of the disperse elements in a fluid immiscible two-phase system comprising separating a partial stream from the mixture to be investigated, transforming the disperse elements contained therein into plugs and passing said plugs through a capillary past a first sensing means generating a signal lasting from the beginning to the end of the corresponding plug, then passing the said plug past a second sensing means generating a second signal lasting from the beginning to the end of said plug, determining from the distance between said sensing means and the time lag between said first signal and said second signal the veLocity of each plug, and calculating from the velocity of each plug and from the duration of one of said signals generated thereby the length of each plug.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
115 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the constants (a, b) of the function: A/AN a (1 - (w/wN) b) which holds for the relation between the actual cross section (A) of the plug and the plug velocity (w) measured and wherein the actual cross section (A) of the plug is related to a calibration cross section (AN) and the plug velocity (w) measured is related to a calibration velocity (wN), are experimentally determined by directly measuring the actual cross section (A) of the plug with constants (a, b) specific to the system via the plug velocity (w) measured and by using the actual cross section (A) measured instead of the cross section of the capillary.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
47 words
The method of claim 2 wherein the velocity of said partial stream in the capillary is controlled at a maximum value so that most part of the horizontal traverse connecting the legs of the U-shaped pulse signal of the first sensor (2) does not show any waviness.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 2 wherein the velocity of said partial stream in the capillary is controlled at a maximum value so that the U-shaped pulse signal is substantially symmetrical with the legs of the U.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
168 words
The method of claim 2 wherein direct voltages are generated from the signal pulses generated by the sensing means by electrically integrating them with two integrators, one of said direct voltages being proportional to duration Delta t1 of the signal of the first sensor and the other being proportional to time delay Delta t2 of the beginning of the signal of the second sensor with respect to the beginning of the signal of the first sensor, said direct voltages generated are then processed in an analog computer according to the equation: V AN.a.h (( Delta t1/ Delta t2) - (b/wN) . ( Delta t1/ Delta t2) 2)) wherein AN is a calibration cross section; a is a constant specific to the system; h is the distance of the two sensors; b is a further constant specific to the system; and wN is a calibration velocity; and obtaining a direct voltage proportional to the plug volume at the output of said analog computer and analyzed in a multi-channel analyzer.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
85 words
The method of claim 5 wherein said analog computer is controlled digitally by triggering both the U-shaped pulse signals to transform them into rectangular pulses, generating therefrom by logic interconnection a rectangular pulse with the duration Delta t2 i.e., the time delay between said U-shaped pulse signals and supplying said rectangular pulse corresponding to the duration Delta t1 of the first of said U-shaped pulse signals and said rectangular pulse corresponding to the time delay Delta t2 to the control inputs of said integrators respectively.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
56 words
The method of claim 6 wherein at the beginning and at the end of said U-shaped pulse signal generated on said first sensing means and at the beginning of said U-shaped pulse signal generated by said second sensing means very short pulses are generated and counted by a counter according to their sequence of coming in.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method of claim 7 wherein said counter counts to three independently of the sequence of the arriving short pulses and then an analysis of said direct voltage at the output of said analog computer by means of said multichannel analyzer is initiated.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
78 words
The method of claim 5 wherein plugs of known volume are measured at constant velocity of said partial stream in the capillary, obtaining therefrom the relation between the plug volume and a registration channel of the multi-channel analyzer, then varying the velocity of said partial stream while measuring plugS of equal volume and setting a potentiometer in said analog computer so that at various velocities a minimum deviation of said registration channel of the multi-channel analyzer takes place.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
47 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the velocity of said partial stream in the capillary is controlled at a maximum value so that most part of the horizontal traverse connecting the legs of the U-shaped pulse signal of the first sensor (2) does not show any waviness.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the velocity of said partial stream in the capillary is controlled at a maximum value so that the U-shaped pulse signal is substantially symmetrical with the legs of the U.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
149 words
The method of claim 1 wherein direct voltages are generated from the signal pulses generated by the sensing means by electrically integrating them with two integrators, one of said direct voltages being proportional to duration Delta t1 of the signal of the first sensor and the other being proportional to time delay Delta t2 of the beginning of the signal of the second sensor with respect to the beginning of the signal of the first sensor said direct voltages generated are then processed in an analog computer according to the equation: V AN . a . h .( Delta t1/ Delta t2) wherein AN is a calibration cross section; a is a constant specific to the system; and h is the distance of the two sensors; and obtaining a direct voltage proportional to the plug volume at the output of said analog computer and anlayzed in a multi-channel analyzer.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
85 words
The method of claim 12 wherein said analog computer is controlled digitally by triggering both the U-shaped pulse signals to transform them into rectangular pulses, generating therefrom by logic interconnection a rectangular pulse with the duration Delta t2, i.e., the time delay between said U-shaped pulse signals and supplying said rectangular pulse corresponding to the duration Delta t1 of the first of said U-shaped pulse signals and said rectangular pulse corresponding to the time delay Delta t2 to the control inputs of said integrators, respectively.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
55 words
The method of claim 13 wherein at the beginning and at the end of said pulse signal generated by said first sensing means and at the beginning of said U-shaped pulse signal generated by said second sensing means very short pulses are generated and counted by a counter according to their sequence of coming in.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method of claim 14 wherein said counter counts to three independently of the sequence of the arriving short pulses and then an analysis of said direct voltage at the output of said analog computer by means of said multichannel analyzer is initiated.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1977-06-17 | 1977-12-17 | 1978-06-18 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1981-06-17 | 1981-12-17 | 1982-06-18 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1985-06-17 | 1985-12-17 | 1986-06-18 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |