Supercooled rotor coil type electric machine

Claim 2

A supercooled rotor coil type electric machine comprising a stator maintained at an ambient temperature, a supercooled rotor including rotor coils, a cylindrical container enclosing said rotor coils and having end walls, said rotor coils being disposed radially apart from each other within said container, the major part of the outer surface of said container being coated with a thermal insulation layer, a closed hollow cylinder joined in axial alignment to at least one of the end walls of said container,, said one end wall of said container having at least one first aperture opening into said hollow cylinder and the opposite end wall of said hollow cylinder having at least one second aperture, means for feeding a supercooling liquid to said cylindrical container, and temperature graduating means contained in said hollow cylinder for providing an elongated path for gas passing through said hollow cylinder from said first aperture to said second aperture, whereby the gas evaporated from the supercooling liquid within said container and escaping therefrom serves to establish a substantially uniform temperature gradient over the length of said cylinder between the supercool temperature and the ambient temperature.

Claim 3

An electric machine according to claim 1, wherein said temperature graduating means comprises a plurality of partitions disposed perpendicular to the rotational axis of said rotor, each of said partitions having at least one aperture positioned in a manner to provide said elongated path for a gas passing through said cylinder.

Claim 4

An electric machine according to claim 2, wherein said hollow cylinder has an axial core which is defined by another coaxial cylinder or by the shaft of the rotor.

Claim 5

An electric machine according to claim 3, wherein every other one of said partitions is attached to said core of said hollow cylinder while the remaining partitions are attached to the peripheral wall of said cylinder.

Claim 6

An electric machine according to Claim 3, wherein a collar is provided around said core of said hollow cylinder at each of the spaces between adjacent partitions to thereby secure said partitions in position.

Claim 7

An electric machine according to claim 5, wherein said collar is made of a material having a thermal contraction coefficient greater than that of the material of said core of said cylinder.

Claim 8

An electric machine according to claim 1, wherein said means for feeding the rotor with the supercooling liquid comprises stationary tube means provided in alignment with the rotational axis of said rotor and extending into the interior of said container.

Claim 9

An electric machine according to claim 1, wherein said container is provided with a liquid guide positioned within said container, said guide having a conical mouth coaxial with said rotor and opening to said container, the top portion of the conical mouth communicating with said supercool liquid feeding means to introduce the supercool liquid.

Claim 10

An electric machine according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of baffle plates are disposed within said container to reduce possible flow of the supercool liquid relative to said container.

Claim 11

An electric machine according to claim 1, wherein bearing means is provided at the external end portion of said hollow cylinder for supporting said rotor by said hollow cylinder.

Claim 12

An electric machine according to claim 9, wherein said baffle plates are disposed at an equal angular pitch around the shaft of the rotor in the space between said shaft and said rotor coils, said baffle plates having a curved profile.

Claim 13

An electric machine according to claim 9, wherein said baffle plates are radially disposed in the lateral spaces between said rotor coils with the plane of said plate being parallel to the rotational axis of said rotor.

Claim 14

A supercooled rotor coil type electric machine comprising a stator having a stator coil disposed in a normal temperature zone, a rotor container provided with thermal insulation means thermally insulating the inside 0f said rotor container from the outside, a rotor coil wound into a predetermined form and arranged along the inner wall of said rotor container, a hollow cylinder supporting one end of said rotor container and journalled in bearing means, a supercooling liquid supply means for supplying a supercooling liquid to the interior of said rotor container, a temperature gradient forming means provided integral with said hollow cylinders and having an evaporation gas inlet and an evaporation gas outlet in connection with said hollow cylinder for forming a substantially uniform temperature gradient over the length of said hollow cylinder from a supercool temperature at the end of said hollow cylinder adjacent said rotor container down to normal temperature at the opposite end of said hollow cylinder, evaporation gas resulting from the evaporation of the supercooling liquid introduced into said rotor container being introduced through each said inlet into said temperature gradient forming means and guided therethrough along said hollow cylinder, said temperature gradient forming means being provided with heat exchanger means secured for good thermal conduction to said hollow cylinder such that the evaporation gas flows through said temperature gradient forming means for a distance greater than the geometrical distance between the evaporation gas inlet and evaporation gas outlet provided in connection with said hollow cylinder, wherein said temperature gradient forming means is provided with a plurality of heat exchanger walls made of a material having good thermal conductivity, said heat exchanger walls being secured for good thermal conduction to said hollow cylinder and suitably spaced one from another along said hollow cylinder such that a gap is defined between each said heat exchanger wall and the associated hollow cylinder to permit flow of the evaporation gas in the axial direction through each said gap, said heat exchanger walls defining an evaporation gas passaGe of a greater length than the geometrical distance between the evaporation gas inlet and evaporation gas outlet provided in connection with said hollow cylinder.

Claim 15

A supercooled rotor coil type electric machine comprising a stator having a stator coil disposed in a normal temperature zone, a rotor container provided with thermal insulation means thermally insulating the inside 0f said rotor container from the outside, a rotor coil wound into a predetermined form and arranged along the inner wall of said rotor container, a hollow cylinder supporting one end of said rotor container and journalled in bearing means, a supercooling liquid supply means for supplying a supercooling liquid to the interior of said rotor container, a temperature gradient forming means provided integral with said hollow cylinders and having an evaporation gas inlet and an evaporation gas outlet in connection with said hollow cylinder for forming a substantially uniform temperature gradient over the length of said hollow cylinder from a supercool temperature at the end of said hollow cylinder adjacent said rotor container down to normal temperature at the opposite end of said hollow cylinder, evaporation gas resulting from the evaporation of the supercooling liquid introduced into said rotor container being introduced through each said inlet into said temperature gradient forming means and guided therethrough along said hollow cylinder, said temperature gradient forming means being provided with heat exchanger means secured for good thermal conduction to said hollow cylinder such that the evaporation gas flows through said temperature gradient forming means for a distance greater than the geometrical distance between the evaporation gas inlet and evaporation gas outlet provided in connection with said hollow cylinder, wherein said temperature gradient forming means is provided with a plurality of heat exchanger walls made of a material having good thermal conductivity, said heat exchanger walls being secured for good thermal conduction to said hollow cylinder and suitably spaced one from another along said hollow cylinder such that a gap is defined between each said heat exchanger wall and the associated hollow cylinder to permit flow of the evaporation gas in the axial direction through each said gap, said heat exchanger walls defining an evaporation gas passaGe of a greater length than the geometrical distance between the evaporation gas inlet and evaporation gas outlet provided in connection with said hollow cylinder.

Claim 16

A supercooled rotor coil type electric machine comprising a stator having a stator coil disposed in a normal temperature zone, a rotor container provided with thermal insulation means thermally insulating the inside of said rotor container from the outside, a rotor coil wound into a predetermined form and arranged along the inner wall of said rotor container, a hollow cylinder supporting one end of said rotor container and journalled in bearing means, a supercooling liquid supply means for supplying a supercooling liquid to the interior of said rotor container, a temperature gradient forming means provided integral with said hollow cylinders and having an evaporation gas inlet and an evaporation gas outlet in connection with said hollow cylinder for forming a substantially uniform temperature gradient over the length of said hollow cylinder from a supercool temperature at the end of said hollow cylinder adjacent said rotor container down to normal temperature at the opposite end of said hollow cylinder, evaporation gas resulting from the evaporation of the supercooling liquid introduced into said rotor container being introduced through each said inlet into said temperature gradient forming means and guided therethrough along said hollow cylinder, said temperature gradient forming means being provided with heat exchanger means secured for good thermal conduction to said hollow cylinder such that the evaporation gas flows through said temperature gradient forming means for a distance greater than the geometrical distance between the evaporation gas inlet and evaporation gas outlet provided in connection with said hollow cylinder, wherein said temperature gradient forming means is provided with a plurality of heat exchanger walls made of a material having good thermal conductivity, said heat exchanger walls being secured for good thermal conduction to said hollow cylinder and suitably spaced one from another along said hollow cylinder, said heat exchanger walls each being formed with at least one hole or aperture to permit flow of the evaporation gas in the axial direction, thereby defining an evaporation gas passage of a greater length than the geometrical distance between the evaporation gas inlet and evaporation gas outlet provided in connection with said hollow cylinder.

Claim 17

A supercooled rotor coil type electric machine comprising a stator having a stator coil disposed in a normal temperature zone, a rotor container provided with thermal insulation means thermally insulating the inside of said rotor container from the outside, a rotor coil wound into a predetermined form and arranged along the inner wall of said rotor container, a hollow cylinder supporting one end of said rotor container and journalled in bearing means, a supercooling liquid supply means for supplying a supercooling liquid to the interior of said rotor container, a temperature gradient forming means provided integral with said hollow cylinders and having an evaporation gas inlet and an evaporation gas outlet in connection with said hollow cylinder for forming a substantially uniform temperature gradient over the length of said hollow cylinder from a supercool temperature at the end of said hollow cylinder adjacent said rotor container down to normal temperature at the opposite end of said hollow cylinder, evaporation gas resulting from the evaporation of the supercooling liquid introduced into said rotor container being introduced through each said inlet into said temperature gradient forming means and guided therethrough along said hollow cylinder, said temperature gradient forming means being provided with heat exchanger means secured for good thermal conduction to said hollow cylinder such that the evaporation gas flows through said temperature gradient forming means for a distance greater than the geometrical distance between the evaporation gas inlet and evaporation gas outlet provided in connection with said hollow cylinder, wherein said temperature gradient forming means is provided with a plurality of heat exchanger walls made of a material having good thermal conductivity, said heat exchanger walls being secured for good thermal conduction to said hollow cylinder and suitably spaced one from another along said hollow cylinder, said heat exchanger walls each being formed with at least one hole or aperture to permit flow of the evaporation gas in the axial direction, thereby defining an evaporation gas passage of a greater length than the geometrical distance between the evaporation gas inlet and evaporation gas outlet provided in connection with said hollow cylinder.

Claim 18

A supercooled rotor coil type electric machine comprising a stator having a stator coil disposed in a normal temperature zone, a rotor container provided with thermal insulation means thermally insulating the inside of said rotor container from the outside, a rotor coil wound into a predetermined form and arranged along the inner wall of said rotor container, a hollow cylinder supporting one end of said rotor container and journalled in bearing means, a supercooling liquid supply means for supplying a supercooling liquid to the interior of said rotor container, a temperature gradient forming means provided integral with said hollow cylinders and having an evaporation gas inlet and an evaporation gas outlet in connection with said hollow cylinder for forming a substantially uniform temperature gradient over the length of said hollow cylinder from a supercool temperature at the end of said hollow cylinder adjacent said rotor container down to normal temperature at the opposite end of said hollow cylinder, evaporation gas resulting from the evaporation of the supercooling liquid introduced into said rotor container being introduced through each said inlet into said temperature gradient forming means and guided therethrough along said hollow cylinder, said temperature gradient forming means being provided with heat exchanger means secured for good thermal conduction to said hollow cylinder such that the evaporation gas flows through said temperature gradient forming means for a distance greater than the geometrical distance between the evaporation gas inlet and evaporation gas outlet provided in connection with said hollow cylinder, wherein said temperature gradient forming means is provided with a plurality of heat exchanger walls made of a material having good thermal conductivity and each having a cylindrical stem fitted for good thermal conduction on the associated hollow cylinder, said heat exchanger walls being secured to said hollow cylinder by cylindrical spacer means determining the axial spacing between adjacent heat exchangers and made of a materal having a greater coefficient of thermal contraction than said hollow cylinder, said heat exchanger walls defining an evaporation gas passage of a greater length than the geometrical distance between the evaporation gas inlet and evaporation gas outlet in connection with said hollow cylinder.

Claim 19

A supercooled rotor coil type electric machine comprising a stator having a stator coil disposed in a normal temperature zone, a rotor container provided with thermal insulation means thermally insulating the inside of said rotor container from the outside, a rotor coil wound into a predetermined form and arranged along the inner wall of said rotor container, a hollow cylinder supporting one end of said rotor container and journalled in bearing means, a supercooling liquid supply means for supplying a supercooling liquid to the interior of said rotor container, a temperature gradient forming means provided integral with said hollow cylinders and having an evaporation gas inlet and an evaporation gas outlet in connection with said hollow cylinder for forming a substantially uniform temperature gradient over the length of said hollow cylinder from a supercool temperature at the end of said hollow cylinder adjacent said rotor container down to normal temperature at the opposite end of said hollow cylinder, evaporation gas resulting from the evaporation of the supercooling liquid introduced into said rotor container being introduced through each said inlet into said temperature gradient forming means and guided therethrough along said hollow cylinder, said temperature gradient forming means being provided with heat exchanger means secured for good thermal conduction to said hollow cylinder such that the evaporation gas flows through said temperature gradient forming means for a distance greater than the geometrical distance between the evaporation gas inlet and evaporation gas outlet provided in connection with said hollow cylinder, wherein said temperature gradient forming means is provided with a plurality of heat exchanger walls made of a material having good thermal conductivity and each having a cylindrical stem fitted for good thermal conduction on the associated hollow cylinder, said heat exchanger walls being secured to said hollow cylinder by cylindrical spacer means determining the axial spacing between adjacent heat exchangers and made of a materal having a greater coefficient of thermal contraction than said hollow cylinder, said heat exchanger walls defining an evaporation gas passage of a greater length than the geometrical distance between the evaporation gas inlet and evaporation gas outlet in connection with said hollow cylinder.

Claim 20

A supercooled rotor coil type electric machine comprising a stator having a stator coil disposed in a normal temperature zone, a rotor container provided with thermal insulation means thermally insulating the inside of said rotor container from the outside, a rotor coil wound into a predetermined form and arranged along the inner wall of said rotor container, a hollow cylinder supporting one end of said rotor container and journalled in bearing means, a supercooling liquid supply means for supplying a supercooling liquid to the interior of said rotor container, a temperature gradient forming means provided integral with said hollow cylinders and having an evaporation gas inlet and an evaporation gas outlet in connection with said hollow cylinder for forming a substantially uniform temperature gradient over the length of said hollow cylinder from a supercool temperature at the end of said hollow cylinder adjacent said rotor container down to normal temperature at the opposite end of said hollow cylinder, evaporation gas resulting from the evaporation of the supercooling liquid introduced into said rotor container being introduced through each said inlet into said temperature gradient forming means and guided therethrough along said hollow cylinder, said temperature gradient forming means being provided with heat exchanger means secured for good thermal conduction to said hollow cylinder such that the evaporation gas flows through said temperature gradient forming means for a distance greater than the geometrical distance between the evaporation gas inlet and evaporation gas outlet provided in connection with said hollow cylinder, wherein said heat exchanger means is constituted by a sponge-like porous body of a material having good thermal conductivity secured for good thermal conduction to said hollow cylinder, the evaporation gas being permitted to proceed through each said porous body in the axial direction.

Claim 21

A supercooled rotor coil type electric machine comprising a stator having a stator coil disposed in a normal temperature zone, a rotor container provided with thermal insulation means thermally insulating the inside of said rotor container from the outside, a rotor coil wound into a predetermined form and arranged along the inner wall of said rotor container, a hollow cylinder supporting one end of said rotor container and journalled in bearing means, a supercooling liquid supply means for supplying a supercooling liquid to the interior of said rotor container, a temperature gradient forming means provided integral with said hollow cylinders and having an evaporation gas inlet and an evaporation gas outlet in connection with said hollow cylinder for forming a substantially uniform temperature gradient over the length of said hollow cylinder from a supercool temperature at the end of said hollow cylinder adjacent said rotor container down to normal temperature at the opposite end of said hollow cylinder, evaporation gas resulting from the evaporation of the supercooling liquid introduced into said rotor container being introduced through each said inlet into said temperature gradient forming means and guided therethrough along said hollow cylinder, said temperature gradient forming means being provided with heat exchanger means secured for good thermal conduction to said hollow cylinder such that the evaporation gas flows through said temperature gradient forming means for a distance greater than the geometrical distance between the evaporation gas inlet and evaporation gas outlet provided in connection with said hollow cylinder, wherein said heat exchanger means is constituted by a sponge-like porous body of a material having good thermal conductivity secured for good thermal conduction to said hollow cylinder, the evaporation gas being permitted to proceed through each said porous body in the axial direction.

Claim 22

A supercooled rotor coil type electric machine comprising a stator having a stator coil disposed in a normal temperature zone, a rotor container provided with thermal insulation means thermally insulating the inside of said rotor container from the outside, a rotor coil wound into a predetermined form and arranged along the inner wall of said rotor container, a hollow cylinder supporting one end of said rotor container and journalled in bearing means, a supercooling liquid supply means for supplying a supercooling liquid to the interior of said rotor container, a temperature gradient forming means provided integral with said hollow cylinders and having an evaporation gas inlet and an evaporation gas outlet in connection with said hollow cylinder for forming a substantially uniform temperature gradient over the length of said hollow cylinder from a supercool temperature at the end of said hollow cylinder adjacent said rotor container down to normal temperature at the opposite end of said hollow cylinder, evaporation gas resulting from the evaporation of the supercooling liquid introduced into said rotor container being introduced through each said inlet into said temperature gradient forming means and guided therethrough along said hollow cylinder, saId temperature gradient forming means being provided with heat exchanger means secured for good thermal conduction to said hollow cylinder such that the evaporation gas flows through said temperature gradient forming means for a distance greater than the geometrical distance between the evaporation gas inlet and evaporation gas outlet provided in connection with said hollow cylinder, wherein a further hollow cylinder is provided supporting the other end of said rotor container, and wherein said supercooling liquid supply means penetrates one of said hollow cylinders and having a tip extending in the other hollow cylinder, said supercooling liquid supply means being provided in a portion thereof extending in said rotor container with a supercooling liquid outlet, a connector ring for electric connection of said machine to an external apparatus being provided in one of said hollow cylinders not penetrated by said supercooling liquid supply means.

Claim 23

A supercooled rotor coil type electric machine comprising a stator having a stator coil disposed in a normal temperature zone, a rotor container provided with thermal insulation means thermally insulating the inside of said rotor container from the outside, a rotor coil wound into a predetermined form and arranged along the inner wall of said rotor container, a hollow cylinder supporting one end of said rotor container and journalled in bearing means, a supercooling liquid supply means for supplying a supercooling liquid to the interior of said rotor container, a temperature gradient forming means provided integral with said hollow cylinders and having an evaporation gas inlet and an evaporation gas outlet in connection with said hollow cylinder for forming a substantially uniform temperature gradient over the length of said hollow cylinder from a supercool temperature at the end of said hollow cylinder adjacent said rotor container down to normal temperature at the opposite end of said hollow cylinder, evaporation gas resulting from the evaporation of the supercooling liquid introduced into said rotor container being introduced through each said inlet into said temperature gradient forming means and guided therethrough along said hollow cylinder, saId temperature gradient forming means being provided with heat exchanger means secured for good thermal conduction to said hollow cylinder such that the evaporation gas flows through said temperature gradient forming means for a distance greater than the geometrical distance between the evaporation gas inlet and evaporation gas outlet provided in connection with said hollow cylinder, wherein a further hollow cylinder is provided supporting the other end of said rotor container, and wherein said supercooling liquid supply means penetrates one of said hollow cylinders and having a tip extending in the other hollow cylinder, said supercooling liquid supply means being provided in a portion thereof extending in said rotor container with a supercooling liquid outlet, a connector ring for electric connection of said machine to an external apparatus being provided in one of said hollow cylinders not penetrated by said supercooling liquid supply means.

Claim 24

A supercooled rotor coil type electric machine comprising a stator having a stator coil disposed in a normal temperature zone, a rotor container provided with thermal insulation means thermally insulating the inside of said container from the outside, a rotor coil wound into a predetermined form and arranged along the inner wall of said rotor container, a hollow cylinder supporting one end of said rotor container and journalled in bearing means, a supercooling liquid supply means for supplying a supercooling liquid to the interior of said rotor container, a temperature gradient forming means provided integral with said hollow cylinder for forming a substantially uniform temperature gradient over the length of said hollow cylinder from a supercool temperature at the end of said hollow cylinder adjacent said rotor container down to normal temperature at the opposite end of said hollow cylinder, evaporation gas resulting from the evaporation of the supercooling liquid introduced into said rotor container being guided through said temperature gradient forming means along said hollow cylinder, means to recover the evaporation gas discharged from said temperature gradient forming means, a plurality of baffle plates of a curved cross-sectional profile being disposed within said rotor container along a cylindrical liquid surface of the supercooling liquid that results in operation when the rotor container is rotated.

Claim 25

A supercooled rotor coil type electric machine comprising a stator having a stator coil disposed in a normal temperature zone, a rotor container provided with thermal insulation means thermally insulating the inside of said container from the outside, a rotor coil wound into a predetermined form and arranged along the inner wall of said rotor container, a hollow cylinder supporting one end of said rotor container and journalled in bearing means, a supercooling liquid supply means for supplying a supercooling liquid to the interior of said rotor container, a temperature gradient forming means provided integral with said hollow cylinder for forming a substantially uniform temperature gradient over the length of said hollow cylinder from a supercool temperature at the end of said hollow cylinder adjacent said rotor container down to normal temperature at the opposite end of said hollow cylinder, evaporation gas resulting from the evaporation of the supercooling liquid introduced into said rotor container being guided through said temperature gradient forming means along said hollow cylinder, means to recover the evaporation gas discharged from said temperature gradient forming means, a plurality of baffle plates of a curved cross-sectional profile being disposed within said rotor container along a cylindrical liquid surface of the supercooling liquid that results in operation when the rotor container is rotated.

Claim 26

A supercooled rotor coil type electric machine comprising a stator having a stator coil disposed in a normal temperature zone, a rotor container provided with thermal insulation means thermally insulating the inside of said container from the outside, a rotor coil wound into a predetermined form and arranged along the inner wall of said rotor container, a hollow cylinder supporting one end of said rotor container and journalled in bearing means, a supercooling liquid supply means for supplying a supercooling liquid to the interior of said rotor container, a temperature gradient forming means provided integral with said hollow cylinder for forming a substantially uniform temperature gradient over the length of said hollow cylinder from a supercool temperature at the end of said hollow cylinder adjacent said rotor container down to normal temperature at the opposite end of said hollow cylinder, evaporation gas resulting from the evaporation of the supercooling liquid introduced into said rotor container being guided through said temperature gradient forming means along said hollow cylinder, means to recover the evaporation gas discharged from said temperature gradient forming means, said rotor container being provided with a plurality of baffle plates radially arranged in a space of said container filled with the supercooling liquid but not occupied by said rotor coil.

Claim 27

A supercooled rotor coil type electric machine comprising a stator having a stator coil disposed in a normal temperature zone, a rotor container provided with thermal insulation means thermally insulating the inside of said container from the outside, a rotor coil wound into a predetermined form and arranged along the inner wall of said rotor container, a hollow cylinder supporting one end of said rotor container and journalled in bearing means, a supercooling liquid supply means for supplying a supercooling liquid to the interior of said rotor container, a temperature gradient forming means provided integral with said hollow cylinder for forming a substantially uniform temperature gradient over the length of said hollow cylinder from a supercool temperature at the end of said hollow cylinder adjacent said rotor container down to normal temperature at the opposite end of said hollow cylinder, evaporation gas resulting from the evaporation of the supercooling liquid introduced into said rotor container being guided through said temperature gradient forming means along said hollow cylinder, means to recover the evaporation gas discharged from said temperature gradient forming means, said rotor container being provided with a plurality of baffle plates radially arranged in a space of said container filled with the supercooling liquid but not occupied by said rotor coil.