US3801832A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Solid-state relay
Assignee: Philips North America LLC
•
Filing: 1970-04-29
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Granted: 1974-04-02
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Expires: 1990-04-29
Abstract
Abstract A solid-state relay comprising, in place of the coil of an ordinary relay, an electronic circuit including an energy-storage reactive element and a solid-state negative resistance component connected to the reactive element and having a negative resistance or a breakdown or break-over characteristic. In place of the metallic contacts of an ordinary relay, this invention includes solid-state means having a relatively high impedance condition and a condition of relatively low, or substantially zero, impedance. Coupling means, which may include inductive elements, light-emissive and light-sensitive elements, crystals, or other energy transmission elements, connect the ''''coil'''' part of the circuit to the ''''contact'''' part while providing electrical isolation between the two parts.
Inventors
- 👤 M Joyce
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 11:31
CPC Classifications
H; H03; H03K; H03K17/00; H03K17/51; H03K17/56; H03K17/13; H03K17/136; H03K17/78; H03K17/785; H03K17/79
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 45
Claim 1
Independent Claim
365 words
A solid-state relay comprising: A. A primary circuit comprising: 1. input terminals, and 2. a repetitive pulse generator connected to said terminals to be operated by actuating signals applied thereto; B. A pulse transformer comprising: 1. a primary winding connected to said pulse generator to receive pulses therefrom, and 2. first, second, and third secondary windings all having one end connected together and all having a free end, C. A single-pole-double-throw contact circuit comprosing: 1. a common contact terminal, 2. second and third contact terminals, said contact terminals adapted to being connected to an A.C. load, 3. a first bistable solid-state device having a. two output electrodes, and b. a gate electrode, 4. a series circuit connected between said common contact terminal and said second contact terminal, and comprising: a. said output electrodes, and b. said first secondary winding, 5. a gate-biasing impedance connected between said gate electrode and one of said output electrodes for biasing said solid-state device normally conductive at a predetermined interval after the beginning of each AC cycle of said AC load so as to provide a low-impedance path between said common contact terminal and said second contact terminal, 6. a second bistable solid-state device comprising: a. two output electrodes one of said electrodes being connected to said third contact, the other being connected to said common contact, and b. a gate electrode connected to said free end of said second secondary winding to bias said second solid-state device to be conductive to form a low-impedance path between said common contact terminal and said third contact terminal when pulses are generated by said generator and no current is flowing through said first secondary winding, 7. and a third bistable solid-state device comprising: a. a first output electrode connected to the gate electrode of said first solid-state device b. a second output electrode connected to said one end of said third secondary winding, and c. a gate electrode connected to the free end of said third secondary winding to bias said third solid-state device to the conductive state when pulses are generated by said generator to bias said first solid-state device to a non-conductive state when pulses are generated by said generator.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
365 words
A solid-state relay comprising: A. A primary circuit comprising: 1. input terminals, and 2. a repetitive pulse generator connected to said terminals to be operated by actuating signals applied thereto; B. A pulse transformer comprising: 1. a primary winding connected to said pulse generator to receive pulses therefrom, and 2. first, second, and third secondary windings all having one end connected together and all having a free end, C. A single-pole-double-throw contact circuit comprosing: 1. a common contact terminal, 2. second and third contact terminals, said contact terminals adapted to being connected to an A.C. load, 3. a first bistable solid-state device having a. two output electrodes, and b. a gate electrode, 4. a series circuit connected between said common contact terminal and said second contact terminal, and comprising: a. said output electrodes, and b. said first secondary winding, 5. a gate-biasing impedance connected between said gate electrode and one of said output electrodes for biasing said solid-state device normally conductive at a predetermined interval after the beginning of each AC cycle of said AC load so as to provide a low-impedance path between said common contact terminal and said second contact terminal, 6. a second bistable solid-state device comprising: a. two output electrodes one of said electrodes being connected to said third contact, the other being connected to said common contact, and b. a gate electrode connected to said free end of said second secondary winding to bias said second solid-state device to be conductive to form a low-impedance path between said common contact terminal and said third contact terminal when pulses are generated by said generator and no current is flowing through said first secondary winding, 7. and a third bistable solid-state device comprising: a. a first output electrode connected to the gate electrode of said first solid-state device b. a second output electrode connected to said one end of said third secondary winding, and c. a gate electrode connected to the free end of said third secondary winding to bias said third solid-state device to the conductive state when pulses are generated by said generator to bias said first solid-state device to a non-conductive state when pulses are generated by said generator.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
52 words
an input circuit; and B. Circuit means connecting said input circuit to said contact terminals to receive full-wave rectified alternating voltage therefrom to energize said transistor means and cause said output circuit to be conductive to short-circuit said secondary winding except when the magnitude of said alternating voltage is close to zero.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
52 words
an input circuit; and B. Circuit means connecting said input circuit to said contact terminals to receive full-wave rectified alternating voltage therefrom to energize said transistor means and cause said output circuit to be conductive to short-circuit said secondary winding except when the magnitude of said alternating voltage is close to zero.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
19 words
The relay of claim 19 in which said pulse transformer comprises a core having a substantially rectangular hysteresis loop.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
a repetitive pulse generator connected to said terminals to be operated by actuating signals applied thereto; B. A pulse transformer comprising:
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
21 words
a repetitive pulse generator connected to said terminals to be operated by actuating signals applied thereto; B. A pulse transformer comprising:
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
24 words
first, second, and third secondary windings all having one end connected together and all having a free end, C. A single-pole-double-throw contact circuit comprosing:
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
24 words
first, second, and third secondary windings all having one end connected together and all having a free end, C. A single-pole-double-throw contact circuit comprosing:
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
16 words
second and third contact terminals, said contact terminals adapted to being connected to an A.C. load,
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
16 words
second and third contact terminals, said contact terminals adapted to being connected to an A.C. load,
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
26 words
a first SCR having: a. an anode connected to one of said contact terminals, and b. a cathode connected to the other of said contact terminals,
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
26 words
a first SCR having: a. an anode connected to one of said contact terminals, and b. a cathode connected to the other of said contact terminals,
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
26 words
a pulse generating circuit connected to said input terminals to be energized by said actuating signal to supply pulses of energy; B. A contact circuit comprising:
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
26 words
a pulse generating circuit connected to said input terminals to be energized by said actuating signal to supply pulses of energy; B. A contact circuit comprising:
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
23 words
a second SCR having: a. a cathode connected to said first-named contact terminal, and b. an anode connected to said second-named contact terminal;
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
23 words
a second SCR having: a. a cathode connected to said first-named contact terminal, and b. an anode connected to said second-named contact terminal;
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
15 words
a first bistable solid-state device having a. two output electrodes, and b. a gate electrode,
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
15 words
a first bistable solid-state device having a. two output electrodes, and b. a gate electrode,
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
26 words
The relay of claim 2 in which said second and third seconDary windings each have a substantially larger number of turns than said first secondary winding.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
44 words
The relay of claim 1 in which said one end of said first secondary winging is connected to one of said output electrodes of said first solid-state device and said free end of said first secondary winding is connected to said common contact terminal.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
26 words
a series circuit connected between said common contact terminal and said second contact terminal, and comprising: a. said output electrodes, and b. said first secondary winding,
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
26 words
a series circuit connected between said common contact terminal and said second contact terminal, and comprising: a. said output electrodes, and b. said first secondary winding,
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
26 words
a first diode having: a. an anode connected to said second-named contact terminal, and b. a cathode connected to a gate electrode of said first SCR;
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
26 words
a first diode having: a. an anode connected to said second-named contact terminal, and b. a cathode connected to a gate electrode of said first SCR;
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
26 words
a second diode having: a. an anode connected to said first-named contact terminal, and b. a cathode connected to a gate electrode of said second SCR;
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
26 words
a second diode having: a. an anode connected to said first-named contact terminal, and b. a cathode connected to a gate electrode of said second SCR;
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
53 words
a gate-biasing impedance connected between said gate electrode and one of said output electrodes for biasing said solid-state device normally conductive at a predetermined interval after the beginning of each AC cycle of said AC load so as to provide a low-impedance path between said common contact terminal and said second contact terminal,
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
53 words
a gate-biasing impedance connected between said gate electrode and one of said output electrodes for biasing said solid-state device normally conductive at a predetermined interval after the beginning of each AC cycle of said AC load so as to provide a low-impedance path between said common contact terminal and said second contact terminal,
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
15 words
The relay of claim 1 in which each of said solid-state devices is a triac.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
23 words
The relay of claim 5 in which said gate-biasing impedance is a resistor having a value between about 200 ohms and 20,000 ohms.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
84 words
a second bistable solid-state device comprising: a. two output electrodes one of said electrodes being connected to said third contact, the other being connected to said common contact, and b. a gate electrode connected to said free end of said second secondary winding to bias said second solid-state device to be conductive to form a low-impedance path between said common contact terminal and said third contact terminal when pulses are generated by said generator and no current is flowing through said first secondary winding,
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
84 words
a second bistable solid-state device comprising: a. two output electrodes one of said electrodes being connected to said third contact, the other being connected to said common contact, and b. a gate electrode connected to said free end of said second secondary winding to bias said second solid-state device to be conductive to form a low-impedance path between said common contact terminal and said third contact terminal when pulses are generated by said generator and no current is flowing through said first secondary winding,
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
51 words
a bridge circuit comprising third, fourth, fifth, and sixth diodes connected in a closed loop, the junction between said sixth and third diodes being connected to the gate electrode of said first SCR, the junction between said fourth and fifth diodes being connected to the gate electrode of said second SCR;
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
51 words
a bridge circuit comprising third, fourth, fifth, and sixth diodes connected in a closed loop, the junction between said sixth and third diodes being connected to the gate electrode of said first SCR, the junction between said fourth and fifth diodes being connected to the gate electrode of said second SCR;
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
83 words
a third SCR having: a. an anode connected to the junction between said third and fourth diodes, b. a cathode connected to the junction between said fifth and sixth diodes, and c. a gate electrode; and C. Means coupling said primary circuit to said contact circuit to receive pulses from said primary circuit and transmit them to said contact circuit to control the operation of said contact circuit by said primary circuit, said means coupling said primary circuit to said contact circuit comprising:
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
83 words
a third SCR having: a. an anode connected to the junction between said third and fourth diodes, b. a cathode connected to the junction between said fifth and sixth diodes, and c. a gate electrode; and C. Means coupling said primary circuit to said contact circuit to receive pulses from said primary circuit and transmit them to said contact circuit to control the operation of said contact circuit by said primary circuit, said means coupling said primary circuit to said contact circuit comprising:
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
86 words
and a third bistable solid-state device comprising: a. a first output electrode connected to the gate electrode of said first solid-state device b. a second output electrode connected to said one end of said third secondary winding, and c. a gate electrode connected to the free end of said third secondary winding to bias said third solid-state device to the conductive state when pulses are generated by said generator to bias said first solid-state device to a non-conductive state when pulses are generated by said generator.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
86 words
and a third bistable solid-state device comprising: a. a first output electrode connected to the gate electrode of said first solid-state device b. a second output electrode connected to said one end of said third secondary winding, and c. a gate electrode connected to the free end of said third secondary winding to bias said third solid-state device to the conductive state when pulses are generated by said generator to bias said first solid-state device to a non-conductive state when pulses are generated by said generator.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
44 words
The relay of claim 1 comprising, in addition: A. A first double-anode zener diode connected between said common contact terminal and said second contact terminal; and B. A second double anode zener diode connected between said common contact terminal and said third contact terminal.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
9 words
A solid-state relay comprising: A. A primary circuit comprising:
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
9 words
A solid-state relay comprising: A. A primary circuit comprising:
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
12 words
The relay of claim 8 comprising, in addition: A. Transistor means comprising:
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
28 words
The relay of claim 9 in which said transistor circuit means comprises a voltage divider connected in parallel with said third SCR betWeen the anode and cathode thereof.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
17 words
The relay of claim 10 in which said transistor circuit means comprises a pair of Darlington-connected transistors.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1977-04-01 | 1977-10-01 | 1978-04-02 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1981-04-01 | 1981-10-01 | 1982-04-02 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1985-04-01 | 1985-10-01 | 1986-04-02 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |