US3791840A
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Treatment of carbon fibers to improve shear strength in composites
Assignee: BP Corp North America Inc
•
Filing: 1970-10-21
•
Granted: 1974-02-12
•
Expires: 1990-10-21
Abstract
Abstract The interlaminar shear strength of carbon fiber-plastic composites is improved by treating the fibers, before they are incorporated into the plastic matrix, with an aqueous solution of hypochlorous acid having a pH below 6.
Inventors
- 👤 J Barr
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 05:42
CPC Classifications
D; D01; D01F; D01F11/00; D01F11/10; D01F11/12; D01F11/121; D01F11/122; D01F11/14; D01F9/00; D01F9/08; D01F9/12
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 50
Claim 1
Independent Claim
19 words
A process as in claim 1 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution has a pH of from 4 to 5.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process as in claim 2 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution has a temperature of from 20* C. to 30* C.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process in claim 1 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution contains an excess of hypochlorite radical of at least 2 times that necessary to produce a hypochlorous acid concentration of 0.34 moles per liter if the hypochlorite radical were fully converted to hypochlorous acid.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
46 words
A process as in claim 4 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution contains an excess of hypochlorite radical of from 3 to 5 times that necessary to produce a hypochlorous acid concentration of 0.34 moles per liter if the hypochlorite radical were fully converted to hypochlorous acid.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process as in claim 4 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution has a pH of from 4 to 5.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process as in claim 5 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution has a pH of from 4 to 5.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process as in claim 6 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution has a temperature of from 20* C. to 30* C.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process as in claim 7 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution has a temperature of from 20* C. to 30* C.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process as in claim 4 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution also contains a chloride ion concentration of at least 1.5 gram-atoms per liter.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process as in claim 10 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution has a pH of from 4 to 5.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process as in claim 11 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution has a temperature of from 20* C. to 30* C.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process as in claim 5 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution contains a chloride ion concentration of from 3.2 gram-atoms per liter to 4.7 gram-atoms per liter.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process as in claim 13 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution has a pH of from 4 to 5.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process as in claim 14 wherein the solution has a temperature of from 20* C. to 30* C.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
105 words
A process of treating high modulus high density carbon fiber to improve the bonding characteristics of said fiber to a plastic matrix comprising (1) preparing a water solution of a soluble hypochlorite salt, (2) acidifying the solution to a pH below 6, and (3) soaking the fiber in the acidified solution, said hypochlorite salt being present in said solution in an amount which would provide at least the stoichiometric amount of hypochlorite ion necessary to produce a hypochlorous acid concentration of 0.34 moles per liter if the reaction caused by the acidification proceeded to completion and the hypochlorite ion were fully converted to hypOchlorous acid.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process as in claim 16 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution has a pH of from 4 to 5.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process as in claim 17 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution has a temperature of from 20* C. to 30* C.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
54 words
A process as in claim 16 wherein the hypochlorite salt is present in the solution in an amount which would provide an excess of hypochlorite ion of at least 2 times that necessary to produce a hypochlorous acid concentration of 0.34 moles per liter if the reaction caused by the acidification proceeded to completion.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
55 words
A process as in claim 19 wherein the hypochlorite salt is present in the solution in an amount which would provide an excess of hypochlorite ion of from 3 to 5 times that necessary to produce a hypochlorous acid concentration of 0.34 moles per liter if the reaction caused by the acidification proceeded to completion.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process as in claim 19 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution has a pH of from 4 to 5.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process as in claim 20 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution has a pH of from 4 to 5.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process as in claim 21 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution has a temperature of from 20* C. to 30* C.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process as in claim 22 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution has a temperature of from 20* C to 30* C.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process as in claim 16 wherein the soluble hypochlorite salt is sodium hypochlorite and the acidifying agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and hydrochloric acid.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process as in claim 17 wherein the soluble hypochlorite salt is sodium hypochlorite and the acidifying agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and hydrochloric acid.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process as in claim 18 wherein the soluble hypochlorite salt is sodium hypochlorite and the acidifying agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and hydrochloric acid.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process as in claim 19 wherein the soluble hypochlorite salt is sodium hypochlorite and the acidifying agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and hydrochloric acid.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process as in claim 20 wherein the soluble hypochlorite salt is sodium hypochlorite and the acidifying agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and hydrochloric acid.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process as in claim 21 wherein the soluble hypochlorite salt is sodium hypochlorite and the acidifying agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and hydrochloric acid.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process as in claim 22 wherein the soluble hypochlorite salt is sodium hypochlorite and the acidifying agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and hydrochloric acid.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process as in claim 23 wherein the soluble hypochlorite salt is sodium hypochlorite and the acidifying agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and hydrochloric acid.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process as in claim 24 wherein the soluble hypochlorite salt is sodium hypochlorite and the acidifying agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and hydrochloric acid.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
63 words
A process as in claim 16 wherein the water solution of soluble hypochloric salt also contains a soluble chloride salt and said soluble chloride salt is present in said solution in an amount which together with the other chloride ions present is sufficient to raise the total chloride ion concentration of the solution to a level of at least 1.5 gram-atoms per liter.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process as in claim 34 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution has a pH of from 4 to 5.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process as in claim 35 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution has a temperature of from 20* C. to 30* C.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
54 words
A process as in claim 34 wherein the hypochlorite salt is present in the solution in an amount which would provide an excess of hypochlorite ion of at least 2 times that necessary to produce a hypochlorous acid concentration of 0.34 moles per liter if the reaction caused by the acidification proceeded to completion.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
100 words
A process as in claim 37 wherein the hypochlorite salt is present in the solution in an amount which would provide an excess of hypochlorite ion of from 3 to 5 times that necessary to produce a hypochlorous acid concentration of 0.34 moles per liter if the reaction caused by the acidification proceeded to completion, and the chloride salt is present in said solution in an amount which together with other chloride ions present is sufficient to raise the total chloride ion concentration of the solution to a level of from 3.2 gram-atoms per liter to 4.7 gram-atoms per liter.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process as in claim 37 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution has a pH of from 4 to 5.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process as in claim 38 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution has a pH of from 4 to 5.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process as in claim 39 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution has a temperature of from 20* C. to 30* C.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
21 words
A process as in claim 40 wherein the hypochlorous acid solution has a temperature of from 20* C. to 30* C.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
36 words
A process as in claim 34 wherein the soluble hypochlorite salt is sodium hypochlorite, the soluble chloride salt is sodium chloride, and the acidifying agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and hydrochloric acid.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
36 words
A process as in claim 35 wherein the soluble hypochlorite salt is sodium hypochlorite, the soluble chloride salt is sodium chloride, and the acidifying agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and hydrochloric acid.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
36 words
A process as in claim 36 wherein the soluble hypochlorite salt is sodium hypochlorite, the soluble chloride salt is sodium chloride, and the acidifying agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and hydrochloric acid.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
36 words
A process as in claim 37 wherein the soluble hypochlorite salt is sodium hypochlorite, the soluble chloride salt is sodium chloride, and the acidifying agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and hydrochloric acid.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
36 words
A process as in claim 38 wherein the soluble hypochlorite salt is sodium hypochlorite, the soluble chloride salt is sodium chloride, and the acidifying agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and hydrochloric acid.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
36 words
A process as in claim 39 wherein the soluble hypochlorite salt is sodium hypochlorite, the soluble chloride salt is sodium chloride, and the acidifying agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and hydrochloric acid.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
36 words
A process as in claim 40 wherein the soluble hypochlorite salt is sodium hypochlorite, the soluble chloride salt is sodium chloride, and the acidifying agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and hydrochloric acid.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
36 words
A process as in claim 41 wherein the soluble hypochlorite salt is sodium hypochlorite, the soluble chloride salt is sodium chloride, and the acidifying agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and hydrochloric acid.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
36 words
A process as in claim 42 wherein the soluble hypochlorite salt is sodium hypochlorite, the soluble chloride salt is sodium chloride, and the acidifying agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and hydrochloric acid.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1977-02-11 | 1977-08-13 | 1978-02-12 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1981-02-11 | 1981-08-13 | 1982-02-12 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1985-02-11 | 1985-08-13 | 1986-02-12 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |