Dehydrogenation

Claim 2

The process as defined in claim 2 wherein said phosphorus-containing material is an acid, oxide, halide, or a Group Ia or IIa metal or ammonium phosphate; said tin-containing material is a halide, sulfate, oxide, nitrate, acetate, or tartrate; and said lithium-containing material is a nitrate, halide, sulfate, oxalate, acetate, carbonate, propionate, tartrate, oxide, or hydroxide.

Claim 3

The process according to claim 3 wherein said drying in said step (d) is conducted for from about 2 to 24 hours at temperatures of from about 100* to 300*F., and said calcining in said step (e) is conducted for from about 1 to 24 hours at temperatures of from about 1,000* to 1,500*F.

Claim 4

An oxidative dehydrogenation process employing the dehydrogenation catalyst composition as defined in claim 1 wherein is dehydrogenated at least one material selected from the group consisting of alkenes, cycloalkenes, alkyl-pyridines, and alkyl aromatics, under dehydrogenation conditions including an elevated temperature in the presence of a molecular oxygen-containing gas.

Claim 5

The process according to claim 5 wherein said alkene contains from 3 to 10 carbon atoms per molecule, said cycloalkene contains from 4 to 10 carbon atoms per molecule, said alkylpyridine and said alkyl aromatic each contain from 1 to 4 alkyl groups per molecule with at least one said alkyl group containing at least 2 carbon atoms per said alkyl group; said dehydrogenation conditions further include a temperature of from about 700* to 1,300*F., a pressure of from about 0.05 to 250 psia, an oxygen:gaseous organic compound feed volume ratio of from about 0.1:1 to 3:1, and an organic compound feed space rate of from about 50 to 5,000.

Claim 6

The process according to claim 6 wherein said oxidative dehydrogenation process further includes the presence of steam, and said steam is employed in a volume ratio of steam to organic compound feed of from about 0.1:1 to 50:1.

Claim 7

The process according to claim 7 wheRein said organic compound feed is butene.

Claim 8

A method of preparing said dehydrogenation catalyst composition as defined in claim 1 which comprises: a. admixing at least one phosphorus-containing material and at least one tin-containing material in the form of an aqueous solution or dispersion of said materials containing from about 0.01 to 10 molar concentration of said materials, b. adding to said aqueous solution or dispersion admixture at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide thereby forming a wet gel, c. filtering and washing said wet gel, d. adding lithium metal or a lithium-containing material to said washed gel, e. drying the resulting composition from step (d), f. calcining said dried composition from step (e), and thereby producing said dehydrogenation catalyst composition.

Claim 9

The process according to claim 9 wherein said dehydrogenation catalyst composition is subjected to a particle forming step prior to the calcination step.

Claim 10

A dehydrogenation catalyst composition which consists essentially of a calcined composition of about 0.1 to 16 weight per cent phosphorus, about 15 to 75 weight per cent tin, about 0.1 to 10 weight per cent of at least one Group Ia metal, and oxygen or oxygen and sulfur, all weight percentages based on total weight of the final said dehydrogenation catalyst composition.

Claim 11

A method of preparing said dehydrogenation catalyst composition as defined in claim 11 which comprises: a. admixing at least one phosphorus-containing material and at least one tin-containing material, b. drying said admixed materials from said step (a), c. adding a Group Ia metal or Group Ia metal-containing material to said dried admixed materials from step (b), d. drying said mixed materials from step (c), e. calcining said dried mixed materials from said step (d), and thereby producing said dehydrogenation catalyst composition.

Claim 12

The process as defined in claim 12 wherein said phosphorus-containing material is an acid, oxide, halide, or a Group Ia or IIa metal or ammonium phosphate: said tin-containing material is a halide, sulfate, oxide, nitrate, acetate, or tartrate; and said Group Ia metal-containing material is a nitrate, halide, sulfate, oxalate, acetate, carbonate, propionate, tartrate, oxide, or hydroxide.

Claim 13

The process according to claim 13 wherein said drying in said step (d) is conducted for from about 2 to 24 hours at temperatures of from about 100* to 300*F., and said calcining in said step (e) is conducted for from about 1 to 24 hours at temperatures of from about 1,000* to 1,500*F.

Claim 14

The process according to claim 14 wherein said Group Ia metal or metal-containing material is at least one of lithium, sodium, or potassium.

Claim 15

An oxidative dehydrogenation process employing the dehydrogenation catalyst composition as defined in claim 11 wherein is dehydrogenated at least one material selected from the group consisting of alkenes, cycloalkenes, alkylpyridines, and alkyl aromatics, under dehydrogenation conditions including an elevated temperature in the presence of a molecular oxygen-containing gas.

Claim 16

The process according to claim 16 wherein said alkene contains from 3 to 10 carbon atoms per molecule, said cycloalkene contains from 4 to 10 carbon atoms per molecule, said alkylpyridine and said alkyl aromatic each contain from 1 to 4 alkyl groups per molecule with at least one said alkyl group containing at least 2 carbon atoms per said alkyl group; said dehydrogenation conditions further include a temperature of from about 700* to 1,300*F., a pressure of from about 0.05 to 250 psia, an oxygen:gaseous organic compound feed volume ratio of from about 0.1:1 to 3:1, and an organic compound feed space rate of from about 50 to 5,000.

Claim 17

The process according to claim 17 wherein said oxidative dehydrogenation process further includes the presence of steam, and said steam is employed in a volume ratio of steam to organic compound feed of from about 0.1:1 to 50:1.

Claim 18

The process according to claim 18 wherein said at least one Group Ia metal containing component is lithium, sodium, or potassium.

Claim 19

The process according to claim 19 wherein said organic compound feed is butene.

Claim 20

A method of preparing said dehydrogenation catalyst composition as defined in claim 11 which comprises: a. admixing at least one phosphorus-containing material and at least one tin-containing material in the form of an aqueous solution or dispersion of said materials containing from about 0.01 to 10 molar concentration of said materials, b. adding to said aqueous solution or dispersion admixture at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide thereby forming a wet gel, c. filtering and washing said wet gel, d. adding an alkali metal or alkali metal containing material to said washed gel, e. drying the resulting composition from step (d), f. calcining said dried composition from step (e), and thereby producing said dehydrogenation catalyst composition.

Claim 21

The process according to claim 21 wherein said dehydrogenation catalyst composition is subjected to a particle forming step prior to the calcination step.

Claim 22

The process according to claim 22 wherein said alkali metal or alkali metal containing material is at least one of lithium, sodium, or potassium.