US3783448A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Apparatus for measuring electromagnetic radiation
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1971-07-30
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Granted: 1974-01-01
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Expires: 1991-07-30
Abstract
Abstract This invention relates to a new apparatus for measuring total electromagnetic radiation or exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation. The apparatus comprises, in combination, an equiangular spiral antenna, a crystal diode detector, a processor and an integrator. The apparatus, by means of the integrator totals the amount of electromagnetic radiation which it is exposed to.
Inventors
- 👤 M Brodwin
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 10:36
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01R; G01R29/00; G01R29/08; G01R29/0864; G01R29/0878
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 16
Claim 1
Independent Claim
140 words
An apparatus for measuring the total electromagnetic radiation and exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, comprising in combination: a polarization insensitive antenna; a crystal diode; and an integrator having an anode, a cathode, and an electrolytic gap between the anode and cathode; the output of the crystal diode being applied across the anode and cathode causing electrolytic ions to migrate across the electrolytic gap toward the anode proportional to the charge passing from the diode for totaling the amount of radiation to which the antenna is exposed over the entire time the source of radiation is observed; wherein the antenna is directly coupled to the crystal diode detector and the crystal diode detector is directly coupled to the integrator; the antenna directing the ambient high frequency electromagnetic current of its environment to the crystal diode where said electromagnetic radiation is rectified.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
140 words
An apparatus for measuring the total electromagnetic radiation and exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, comprising in combination: a polarization insensitive antenna; a crystal diode; and an integrator having an anode, a cathode, and an electrolytic gap between the anode and cathode; the output of the crystal diode being applied across the anode and cathode causing electrolytic ions to migrate across the electrolytic gap toward the anode proportional to the charge passing from the diode for totaling the amount of radiation to which the antenna is exposed over the entire time the source of radiation is observed; wherein the antenna is directly coupled to the crystal diode detector and the crystal diode detector is directly coupled to the integrator; the antenna directing the ambient high frequency electromagnetic current of its environment to the crystal diode where said electromagnetic radiation is rectified.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
25 words
An apparatus for measuring electromagnetic radiation as defined in claim 1 wherein said antenna further comprises a plurality of elements eminating from the center thereof.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
45 words
An apparatus for measuring electromagnetic radiation as defined in claim 1 further comprising in combination therewith: a processor, said processor being positioned between the crystal diode and the totalling device and respectively coupled thereto, wherein said processor amplifies the signal from said crystal diode detector.
Claim 5
Independent Claim
128 words
An apparatus for measuring the total electromagnetic radiation and exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, comprising in combination: an equiangular spiral antenna, said antenna being responsive to circular polarization; a crystal diode detector; a processor coupled to said detector for amplifying a signal from the crystal diode detector; and an integrator, said integrator being coupled to the processor for totaling the amount of radiation to which the antenna is exposed, said antenna being directly coupled to the crystal diode; wherein the integrator has an anode, a cathode, and an electrolytic gap between the anode and cathode; the output from the crystal diode being applied across the anode and cathode causing electrolytic ions to migrate across the electrolytic gap toward the anode proportional to the charge Passing from the diode.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
128 words
An apparatus for measuring the total electromagnetic radiation and exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, comprising in combination: an equiangular spiral antenna, said antenna being responsive to circular polarization; a crystal diode detector; a processor coupled to said detector for amplifying a signal from the crystal diode detector; and an integrator, said integrator being coupled to the processor for totaling the amount of radiation to which the antenna is exposed, said antenna being directly coupled to the crystal diode; wherein the integrator has an anode, a cathode, and an electrolytic gap between the anode and cathode; the output from the crystal diode being applied across the anode and cathode causing electrolytic ions to migrate across the electrolytic gap toward the anode proportional to the charge Passing from the diode.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
62 words
An apparatus as defined in claim 4 for measuring the total electromagnetic radiation and exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation wherein said antenna further comprises: a plurality of elements eminating from the center thereof and forming one of a plurality of geometric spirals; the antenna pattern and the radiation resistance of said antenna remaining relatively constant over frequency ratios of 5:1 and greater.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
157 words
An apparatus for measuring the total electromagnetic radiation and exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, comprising in combination: an equiangular spiral antenna, said antenna being responsive to circular polarization; a crystal diode detector coupled to said antenna, said detector converting the oscillating signal of the electromagnetic radiation into a related direct current; an amplifier-threshold device, the input of the amplifier-threshold device being coupled to the output of the detector; an integrator having an anode, a cathode, and an electrolytic gap between the anode and cathode; the rectified current from the output of the amplifier being applied across the anode and cathode causing electrolytic ions to migrate across the electrolytic gap toward the anode proportional to the charge passing from the diode for totaling the amount of radiation to which the antenna is exposed over the entire time the source of radiation is observed; and an alarm apparatus, said alarm apparatus being coupled to the output of the integrator.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
157 words
An apparatus for measuring the total electromagnetic radiation and exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, comprising in combination: an equiangular spiral antenna, said antenna being responsive to circular polarization; a crystal diode detector coupled to said antenna, said detector converting the oscillating signal of the electromagnetic radiation into a related direct current; an amplifier-threshold device, the input of the amplifier-threshold device being coupled to the output of the detector; an integrator having an anode, a cathode, and an electrolytic gap between the anode and cathode; the rectified current from the output of the amplifier being applied across the anode and cathode causing electrolytic ions to migrate across the electrolytic gap toward the anode proportional to the charge passing from the diode for totaling the amount of radiation to which the antenna is exposed over the entire time the source of radiation is observed; and an alarm apparatus, said alarm apparatus being coupled to the output of the integrator.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
54 words
An apparatus for measuring the total electromagnetic radiation as defined in claim 6 wherein said amplifier-threshold device comprises: an integrated circuit amplifier, and a threshold circuit; said integrated circuit amplifier and the threshold circuit being coupled together and wherein said threshold circuit directly totals the amount of radiation which the antenna is exposed to.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
55 words
An apparatus as defined in claim 7 for measuring the total electromagnetic radiation, said antenna further comprising: a plurality of elements eminating from the center thereof and forming one of a plurality of geometric spirals; the antenna pattern and the radiation resistance of said antenna remaining relatively constant over frequency ratios of 5:1 and greater.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
32 words
An apparatus as defined in claim 7 for measuring the total electromagnetic radiation wherein said alarm apparatus comprises: a horn, said horn being activated upon a preset output of the threshold circuit.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
123 words
An apparatus for measuring the total electromagnetic radiation and exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, comprising in combination: an equiangular spiral antenna, said antenna being responsive to circular polarization; a crystal diode detector coupled to said antenna; said detector converting the oscillating signal of the electromagnetic radiation into a related direct current; an integrator having an anode, a cathode, and an electrolytic gap between the anode and cathode; the rectified current from the crystal diode being applied across the anode and cathode causing electrolytic ions to migrate across the electrolytic gap toward the anode proportional to the charge passing from the diode; and an edgewise meter movement coupled to the output of said integrator, said meter movement being calibrated in milliwatts per square centimeter.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
123 words
An apparatus for measuring the total electromagnetic radiation and exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, comprising in combination: an equiangular spiral antenna, said antenna being responsive to circular polarization; a crystal diode detector coupled to said antenna; said detector converting the oscillating signal of the electromagnetic radiation into a related direct current; an integrator having an anode, a cathode, and an electrolytic gap between the anode and cathode; the rectified current from the crystal diode being applied across the anode and cathode causing electrolytic ions to migrate across the electrolytic gap toward the anode proportional to the charge passing from the diode; and an edgewise meter movement coupled to the output of said integrator, said meter movement being calibrated in milliwatts per square centimeter.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
56 words
An apparatus for measuring the total electromagnetic radiation as defined in claim 10 wherein said antenna further comprises: a plurality of elements eminating from the center thereof and forming one of a plurality of geometric spirals; the antenna pattern and the radiation resistance of said antenna remaining relatively constant over frequency ratios of 5:1 and greater.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
32 words
An apparatus as defined in claim 11 for measuring the total electromagnetic radiation wherein said edgewise meter movement includes a range selector to enable said meter to incorporate a broad poWer range.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1976-12-31 | 1977-07-02 | 1978-01-01 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1980-12-31 | 1981-07-02 | 1982-01-01 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1984-12-31 | 1985-07-02 | 1986-01-01 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |