US3782856A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Composite aerodynamic blade with twin-beam spar
Assignee: RTX Corp
•
Filing: 1972-05-31
•
Granted: 1974-01-01
•
Expires: 1992-05-31
Abstract
Abstract A composite aerodynamic blade having twin-beam spars, which blade is fabricated in two halves which are eventually joined. Each spar assembly includes a spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber members bonded together to form a fiber composite extending from substantially the blade tip to the blade root and a connecting loop inboard of the blade root end of the core. A blade cuff member, including a selectively shaped wedge member extending through the loop and bonded to the fibers thereof, includes redundant provisions for connecting the blade cuff to the rotor hub. Two such spar assemblies are bonded to opposite sides of the blade cover so that the cover carries blade torsional loads. This forms a twin-beam blade in which triple, redundant centrifugal and bending load paths are present between each of the spar assemblies and the hub. For purposes of shape stability, a central low-density core member may be bonded to the spar assembly and cover. In a modified blade, a torque-tube may envelop and be bonded to the spar assemblies and blade trailing edge pockets may be bonded thereto to form the blade cross section.
Inventors
- 👤 M Salkind
- 👤 W Reinfelder
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 16:28
CPC Classifications
B; B64; B64C; B64C27/00; B64C27/32; B64C27/46; B64C27/473; B64C2027/4733; B64C2027/4736; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/24; Y10T428/24149
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 370
Claim 1
Independent Claim
468 words
A twin-beam spar, composite aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and rotate with other blades to generate power and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar member including: 1. a first low density central core member extending in the direction of the blade longitudinal axis for at least a portion of the distance between the blade root and the blade tip, 2. a plurality of first fiber composite members extending from substantially the blade tip end of said core member to the blade root end thereof and therebeyond and being folded back upon itself so as to form a loop and then extend from the blade root end of the core member to substantially the blade tip end thereof thereby forming a plurality of second fiber composite members abutting said plurality of first fiber composite members and cooperating therewith in forming a formation of fiber composite members of substantially U-shape cross section and with said first and second fiber composite members bonded together and to said core member, 3. a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar member including: 1. a second low density central core member extending in the direction of the blade longitudinal axis for at least a portion of the distance between the blade root and the blade tip, 2. a plurality of second fiber composite members extending from substantially the blade tip end of said core member to the blade root end thereof and therebeyond and being folded back upon itself so as to form a loop and then extend from the blade root end of the core member to the blade tip end to substantially the blade tip end thereof thereby forming a plurality of second fiber composite members abutting said plurality of first fiber composite members and cooperating therewith in forming a formation of fiber composite mEmbers of substantially U-shape cross section bonded together and to said core member, 3. a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar members to define a blade of airfoil shaped cross section, and D. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar members comprising a plurality of multi-directional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the blade.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
468 words
A twin-beam spar, composite aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and rotate with other blades to generate power and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar member including: 1. a first low density central core member extending in the direction of the blade longitudinal axis for at least a portion of the distance between the blade root and the blade tip, 2. a plurality of first fiber composite members extending from substantially the blade tip end of said core member to the blade root end thereof and therebeyond and being folded back upon itself so as to form a loop and then extend from the blade root end of the core member to substantially the blade tip end thereof thereby forming a plurality of second fiber composite members abutting said plurality of first fiber composite members and cooperating therewith in forming a formation of fiber composite members of substantially U-shape cross section and with said first and second fiber composite members bonded together and to said core member, 3. a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar member including: 1. a second low density central core member extending in the direction of the blade longitudinal axis for at least a portion of the distance between the blade root and the blade tip, 2. a plurality of second fiber composite members extending from substantially the blade tip end of said core member to the blade root end thereof and therebeyond and being folded back upon itself so as to form a loop and then extend from the blade root end of the core member to the blade tip end to substantially the blade tip end thereof thereby forming a plurality of second fiber composite members abutting said plurality of first fiber composite members and cooperating therewith in forming a formation of fiber composite mEmbers of substantially U-shape cross section bonded together and to said core member, 3. a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar members to define a blade of airfoil shaped cross section, and D. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar members comprising a plurality of multi-directional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the blade.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
72 words
a first spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said upper airfoil surface and extending substantially from the tip end to the blade root end of the core member and forming a first loop therebeyond with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface of said core member, B. a second spar assembly adjacent the lower surface and including:
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
72 words
a first spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said upper airfoil surface and extending substantially from the tip end to the blade root end of the core member and forming a first loop therebeyond with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface of said core member, B. a second spar assembly adjacent the lower surface and including:
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
215 words
a second spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said lower airfoil surface and extending substantially from the tip end to the blade root end of the core member and forming a second loop therebeyond with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface of central core member and with said first surfaces of said core members bonded together, C. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said first loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and having said fiber composite members of said first spar bonded to the opposite sides thereof, D. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said second loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and having said fiber composite members of said second spar bonded to the opposite sides thereof, and E. means to connect said first and second plate members to the spar root, thereby providing three load carrying paths between each of said first and second spars and said spar root, namely, the two bonds between said plate member and said fiber composite members in each spar and the load carrying joint formed between said plate member and the turn of each of said loops.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
215 words
a second spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said lower airfoil surface and extending substantially from the tip end to the blade root end of the core member and forming a second loop therebeyond with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface of central core member and with said first surfaces of said core members bonded together, C. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said first loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and having said fiber composite members of said first spar bonded to the opposite sides thereof, D. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said second loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and having said fiber composite members of said second spar bonded to the opposite sides thereof, and E. means to connect said first and second plate members to the spar root, thereby providing three load carrying paths between each of said first and second spars and said spar root, namely, the two bonds between said plate member and said fiber composite members in each spar and the load carrying joint formed between said plate member and the turn of each of said loops.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
169 words
fabricating a spar or beam including the steps of: a. laying-up a series of high strength, low weight fiber composites commencing at the blade tip end of the mold and extending to the blade root end of the mold with the fibers extending in substantially the direction of the blade longitudinal axis while allowing about an equal length of each fiber composites to extend beyond the blade root end of the mold, b. positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the blade root end of the mold so that a wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on said fiber composites and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the blade tip end of the mold, c. wrapping the fiber composites around the wedge member and then laying-up the fiber composites against the fiber composites already layed up so as to form a series of fiber composites extending substantially from the blade root end of the mold to the blade tip end of the mold,
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
169 words
fabricating a spar or beam including the steps of: a. laying-up a series of high strength, low weight fiber composites commencing at the blade tip end of the mold and extending to the blade root end of the mold with the fibers extending in substantially the direction of the blade longitudinal axis while allowing about an equal length of each fiber composites to extend beyond the blade root end of the mold, b. positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the blade root end of the mold so that a wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on said fiber composites and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the blade tip end of the mold, c. wrapping the fiber composites around the wedge member and then laying-up the fiber composites against the fiber composites already layed up so as to form a series of fiber composites extending substantially from the blade root end of the mold to the blade tip end of the mold,
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
31 words
A blade according to claim 1 wherein said attachment means of said first and second cuff members are shaped to define redundant load paths between the cuff members and the hub.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
84 words
a second spar comprising a plurality of fiber composite members extending from substantially the blade tip end of said core member to the blade root end thereof and therebeyond and being folded back upon itself so as to form a loop and then extend from the blade root end of the core member to the blade tip end to substantially the blade tip end thereof thereby forming a formation of fiber members of substantially U-shape cross section bonded together and to said core member,
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
84 words
a second spar comprising a plurality of fiber composite members extending from substantially the blade tip end of said core member to the blade root end thereof and therebeyond and being folded back upon itself so as to form a loop and then extend from the blade root end of the core member to the blade tip end to substantially the blade tip end thereof thereby forming a formation of fiber members of substantially U-shape cross section bonded together and to said core member,
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
86 words
a first spar comprising a plurality of fiber composite members extending from substantially the blade tip end of said core member to the blade root end thereof and therebeyond and being folded back upon itself so as to form a loop and then extending from the blade root end of the core member to substantially the blade tip end thereof thereby forming a formation of fiber composite members of substantially U-shape cross section and with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said core member,
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
86 words
a first spar comprising a plurality of fiber composite members extending from substantially the blade tip end of said core member to the blade root end thereof and therebeyond and being folded back upon itself so as to form a loop and then extending from the blade root end of the core member to substantially the blade tip end thereof thereby forming a formation of fiber composite members of substantially U-shape cross section and with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said core member,
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
89 words
a first spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said blade upper airfoil surface and extending substantially from the blade tip end to the blade root end of the core member and therebeyond and turning back upon itself to form a first loop and then extending substantially to said tip end, with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface of said core member, B. a second spar assembly adjacent the lower airfoil surface and including:
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
89 words
a first spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said blade upper airfoil surface and extending substantially from the blade tip end to the blade root end of the core member and therebeyond and turning back upon itself to form a first loop and then extending substantially to said tip end, with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface of said core member, B. a second spar assembly adjacent the lower airfoil surface and including:
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
102 words
a plurality of second fiber composite members extending from substantially the blade tip end of said core member to the blade root end thereof and therebeyond and being folded back upon itself so as to form a loop and then extend from the blade root end of the core member to the blade tip end to substantially the blade tip end thereof thereby forming a plurality of second fiber composite members abutting said plurality of first fiber composite members and cooperating therewith in forming a formation of fiber composite mEmbers of substantially U-shape cross section bonded together and to said core member,
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
102 words
a plurality of second fiber composite members extending from substantially the blade tip end of said core member to the blade root end thereof and therebeyond and being folded back upon itself so as to form a loop and then extend from the blade root end of the core member to the blade tip end to substantially the blade tip end thereof thereby forming a plurality of second fiber composite members abutting said plurality of first fiber composite members and cooperating therewith in forming a formation of fiber composite mEmbers of substantially U-shape cross section bonded together and to said core member,
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
106 words
a plurality of first fiber composite members extending from substantially the blade tip end of said core member to the blade root end thereof and therebeyond and being folded back upon itself so as to form a loop and then extend from the blade root end of the core member to substantially the blade tip end thereof thereby forming a plurality of second fiber composite members abutting said plurality of first fiber composite members and cooperating therewith in forming a formation of fiber composite members of substantially U-shape cross section and with said first and second fiber composite members bonded together and to said core member,
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
106 words
a plurality of first fiber composite members extending from substantially the blade tip end of said core member to the blade root end thereof and therebeyond and being folded back upon itself so as to form a loop and then extend from the blade root end of the core member to substantially the blade tip end thereof thereby forming a plurality of second fiber composite members abutting said plurality of first fiber composite members and cooperating therewith in forming a formation of fiber composite members of substantially U-shape cross section and with said first and second fiber composite members bonded together and to said core member,
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
129 words
a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said upper airfoil surface and commencing with a first layer of fiber composite members extending substantially from the tip end to the blade root end of the core member and therebeyond and turning back upon itself to form a first loop and then a second layer of fiber compoSite members adjacent said first layer of fiber composite members and defining said upper surface and extending substantially to said tip end, with said first layer of fiber composite members bonded to said second surface of said core member and said second layer of fiber composite members bonded to said first layer of fiber composite members, B. a second spar defining the lower surface and including:
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
129 words
a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said upper airfoil surface and commencing with a first layer of fiber composite members extending substantially from the tip end to the blade root end of the core member and therebeyond and turning back upon itself to form a first loop and then a second layer of fiber compoSite members adjacent said first layer of fiber composite members and defining said upper surface and extending substantially to said tip end, with said first layer of fiber composite members bonded to said second surface of said core member and said second layer of fiber composite members bonded to said first layer of fiber composite members, B. a second spar defining the lower surface and including:
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
193 words
fabricating a spar or beam including the steps of: a. laying-up a first series of layers of sheets of high strength, low weight composite fibers commencing at the blade tip end of the mold and extending to the blade root end of the mold with the composite fibers extending in substantially the direction of the blade longitudinal axis while allowing about an equal length of each composite fiber sheet to extend beyond the blade root end of the mold, b. positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the blade root end of the mold so that a wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on said first composite fiber sheets and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the blade tip end of the mold, c. wrapping each sheet of said first series of composite fiber sheets around the wedge member and then laying-up each sheet of fiber against the layers of said first series of sheets so layed up so as to form a second series of composite fiber sheets extending substantially from the blade root end of the mold to the blade tip end of the mold,
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
193 words
fabricating a spar or beam including the steps of: a. laying-up a first series of layers of sheets of high strength, low weight composite fibers commencing at the blade tip end of the mold and extending to the blade root end of the mold with the composite fibers extending in substantially the direction of the blade longitudinal axis while allowing about an equal length of each composite fiber sheet to extend beyond the blade root end of the mold, b. positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the blade root end of the mold so that a wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on said first composite fiber sheets and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the blade tip end of the mold, c. wrapping each sheet of said first series of composite fiber sheets around the wedge member and then laying-up each sheet of fiber against the layers of said first series of sheets so layed up so as to form a second series of composite fiber sheets extending substantially from the blade root end of the mold to the blade tip end of the mold,
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
312 words
a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said blade lower airfoil surface and commencing with a first layer of fiber composite members extending substantially from the blade tip end to the blade root end of the core member and therebeyond and turning back upon itself to form a second loop and then a second layer of fiber composite members adjacent said first layer of fiber composite members and positioned between said first layer of fiber composite members and lower airfoil surface and extending substantially to said blade tip, with said first layer of fiber composite members bonded to said second surface of central core member and said second layer of fiber composite members bonded to said first layer of fiber composite members and with said first surfaces of said core members bonded together, C. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said first loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and being bonded to both said first layer and said second layer of said fiber composite members of said first spar, D. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said second loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and being bonded to both said first layer and said second layer of said fiber composite members of said second spar, E. means to connect said first and second plate members to the blade root, thereby providing three load carrying paths between each of said first and second spars and said blade root, namely, the bond between said plate member and said first layer of fiber composite members in each spar, the bond between said plate member and the second layer of fiber composite members in each spar, and the load carrying joint formed between said plate member and the turn of each of said loops.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
312 words
a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said blade lower airfoil surface and commencing with a first layer of fiber composite members extending substantially from the blade tip end to the blade root end of the core member and therebeyond and turning back upon itself to form a second loop and then a second layer of fiber composite members adjacent said first layer of fiber composite members and positioned between said first layer of fiber composite members and lower airfoil surface and extending substantially to said blade tip, with said first layer of fiber composite members bonded to said second surface of central core member and said second layer of fiber composite members bonded to said first layer of fiber composite members and with said first surfaces of said core members bonded together, C. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said first loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and being bonded to both said first layer and said second layer of said fiber composite members of said first spar, D. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said second loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and being bonded to both said first layer and said second layer of said fiber composite members of said second spar, E. means to connect said first and second plate members to the blade root, thereby providing three load carrying paths between each of said first and second spars and said blade root, namely, the bond between said plate member and said first layer of fiber composite members in each spar, the bond between said plate member and the second layer of fiber composite members in each spar, and the load carrying joint formed between said plate member and the turn of each of said loops.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
141 words
a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said blade upper airfoil surface and commencing with a first layer of fiber composite members extending substantially from the blade tip to the blade root end of the core member and therebeyond and turning back upon itself to form a first loop and then a second layer of fiber composite members adjacent said first layer of fiber composite members and positioned between said first layer of fiber composite members and said upper airfoil surface and extending substantially to said tip end, with said first layer of fiber composite members bonded to said second surface of said core member and said second layer of fiber composite members bonded to said first layer of fiber composite members, B. a second spar adjacent the lower airfoil surface and including:
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
141 words
a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said blade upper airfoil surface and commencing with a first layer of fiber composite members extending substantially from the blade tip to the blade root end of the core member and therebeyond and turning back upon itself to form a first loop and then a second layer of fiber composite members adjacent said first layer of fiber composite members and positioned between said first layer of fiber composite members and said upper airfoil surface and extending substantially to said tip end, with said first layer of fiber composite members bonded to said second surface of said core member and said second layer of fiber composite members bonded to said first layer of fiber composite members, B. a second spar adjacent the lower airfoil surface and including:
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
47 words
positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the spar root end of the mold so that a wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on said fiber composites and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
47 words
positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the spar root end of the mold so that a wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on said fiber composites and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
47 words
positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the torque-tube root end of the mold so that a wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on said fiber composites and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the torque-tube tip end of the mold,
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
47 words
positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the torque-tube root end of the mold so that a wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on said fiber composites and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the torque-tube tip end of the mold,
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
193 words
fabricating a spar or beam including the steps of: a. laying-up a first series of layers of plastic preimpregnated glass fiber sheets commencing at the blade tip end of the mold and extending to the blade root end of the mold with the fibers extending in substantially the direction of the blade longitudinal axis while allowing about an equal length of each glass fiber sheet to extend beyond the blade root end of the mold, b. positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the blade root end of the mold so that an adhesively surfaced wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on said first glass fiber sheets and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the blade tip end of the mold, c. wrapping each sheet of said first series of glass fiber sheets around the wedge member and then laying up each sheet of glass fiber against the layers of said first series of sheets so layed up so as to form a second series of glass fiber sheets extending substantially from the blade root end of the mold to the blade tip end of the mold,
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
193 words
fabricating a spar or beam including the steps of: a. laying-up a first series of layers of plastic preimpregnated glass fiber sheets commencing at the blade tip end of the mold and extending to the blade root end of the mold with the fibers extending in substantially the direction of the blade longitudinal axis while allowing about an equal length of each glass fiber sheet to extend beyond the blade root end of the mold, b. positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the blade root end of the mold so that an adhesively surfaced wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on said first glass fiber sheets and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the blade tip end of the mold, c. wrapping each sheet of said first series of glass fiber sheets around the wedge member and then laying up each sheet of glass fiber against the layers of said first series of sheets so layed up so as to form a second series of glass fiber sheets extending substantially from the blade root end of the mold to the blade tip end of the mold,
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
302 words
a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said lower airfoil surface and commencing with a first layer of fiber composite members extending substantially from the tip end to the blade root end of the core member and therebeyond and turning back upon itself to form a second loop and then a second layer of fiber composite members adjacent said first layer of fiber composite members and defining said lower surface and extending substantially to said tip end, with said first layer of fiber composite members bonded to said second surface of central core member and said second layer of fiber composite members bonded to said first layer of fiber composite members and with said first surfaces of said core members bonded together, C. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said first loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and being bonded to both said first layer and said second layer of said fiber composite members of said first spar, D. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said second loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and being bonded to both said first layer and said second layer of said fiber composite members of said second spar, and E. means to connect said first and second plate members to the spar root, thereby providing three load carrying paths between each of said first and second spars and said spar root, namely, the bond between said plate member and said first layer of fiber composite members in each spar, the bond between said plate member and the second layer of fiber composite members in each spar, and the load carrying joint formed between said plate member and the turn of each of said loops.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
302 words
a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said lower airfoil surface and commencing with a first layer of fiber composite members extending substantially from the tip end to the blade root end of the core member and therebeyond and turning back upon itself to form a second loop and then a second layer of fiber composite members adjacent said first layer of fiber composite members and defining said lower surface and extending substantially to said tip end, with said first layer of fiber composite members bonded to said second surface of central core member and said second layer of fiber composite members bonded to said first layer of fiber composite members and with said first surfaces of said core members bonded together, C. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said first loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and being bonded to both said first layer and said second layer of said fiber composite members of said first spar, D. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said second loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and being bonded to both said first layer and said second layer of said fiber composite members of said second spar, and E. means to connect said first and second plate members to the spar root, thereby providing three load carrying paths between each of said first and second spars and said spar root, namely, the bond between said plate member and said first layer of fiber composite members in each spar, the bond between said plate member and the second layer of fiber composite members in each spar, and the load carrying joint formed between said plate member and the turn of each of said loops.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
88 words
a first spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said upper airfoil surface and extending substantially from the spar tip end to the spar root end of the core member and therebeyond and turning back upon itself to form a first loop and then extending substantially to said tip end, with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface of said core member, B. a second spar assembly adjacent the lower airfoil surface and including:
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
88 words
a first spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said upper airfoil surface and extending substantially from the spar tip end to the spar root end of the core member and therebeyond and turning back upon itself to form a first loop and then extending substantially to said tip end, with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface of said core member, B. a second spar assembly adjacent the lower airfoil surface and including:
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
289 words
a second spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said lower airfoil surface and commencing with a first layer of fibers extending substantially from the spar tip end to the spar root end of the core member and therebeyond and turning back upon itself to form a second loop and then extending substantially to said spar tip, with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface of central core member and with said first surfaces of said core members bonded together, C. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said first loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and with said fiber composite members being bonded to the opposite sides thereof, D. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said second loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and with said fiber composite members being bonded to the opposite sides thereof, E. means to connect said first and second plate members to the blade root, thereby providing three load carrying paths between each of said first and second spars and said blade root, namely, the two bonds between said plate member and said fiber composite members in each spar, and the load carrying joint formed between said plate members and the turn of each of said loops, F. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar assemblies so joined to define a spar of selected cross section, and G. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies so joined and said filler material and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
289 words
a second spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said lower airfoil surface and commencing with a first layer of fibers extending substantially from the spar tip end to the spar root end of the core member and therebeyond and turning back upon itself to form a second loop and then extending substantially to said spar tip, with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface of central core member and with said first surfaces of said core members bonded together, C. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said first loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and with said fiber composite members being bonded to the opposite sides thereof, D. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said second loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and with said fiber composite members being bonded to the opposite sides thereof, E. means to connect said first and second plate members to the blade root, thereby providing three load carrying paths between each of said first and second spars and said blade root, namely, the two bonds between said plate member and said fiber composite members in each spar, and the load carrying joint formed between said plate members and the turn of each of said loops, F. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar assemblies so joined to define a spar of selected cross section, and G. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies so joined and said filler material and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
169 words
fabricating a spar or beam including the steps of: a. laying-up a series of high strength, low weight fiber composites commencing at the spar tip end of the mold and extending to the spar root end of the mold with the fiber composites extending in substantially the direction of the spar longitudinal axis while allowing about an equal length of each fiber composites to extend beyond the spar root end of the mold, b. positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the spar root end of the mold so that a wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on said fiber composites and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the spar tip end of the mold, c. wrapping the fiber composites around the wedge member and then laying-up the fiber composites against the fiber composites already layed-up so as to form a series of fiber composites extending substantially from the spar root end of the mold to the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
169 words
fabricating a spar or beam including the steps of: a. laying-up a series of high strength, low weight fiber composites commencing at the spar tip end of the mold and extending to the spar root end of the mold with the fiber composites extending in substantially the direction of the spar longitudinal axis while allowing about an equal length of each fiber composites to extend beyond the spar root end of the mold, b. positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the spar root end of the mold so that a wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on said fiber composites and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the spar tip end of the mold, c. wrapping the fiber composites around the wedge member and then laying-up the fiber composites against the fiber composites already layed-up so as to form a series of fiber composites extending substantially from the spar root end of the mold to the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
73 words
a first spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said upper airfoil surface and extending substantially from the tip end to the spar root end of the core member and forming a first loop therebeyond with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface of said core member, B. a second spar assembly adjacent defining the lower surface and including:
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
73 words
a first spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said upper airfoil surface and extending substantially from the tip end to the spar root end of the core member and forming a first loop therebeyond with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface of said core member, B. a second spar assembly adjacent defining the lower surface and including:
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
47 words
positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the spar root end of the mold so that a wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on said first sheets and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
47 words
positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the spar root end of the mold so that a wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on said first sheets and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
86 words
a second spar comprising a plurality of first fiber composite members extending from substantially the spar tip end of said core member to the spar root end thereof and therebeyond and being folded back upon itself so as to form a loop and then extend from the spar root end of the core member to the spar tip end to substantially the spar tip end thereof thereby forming a formation of fiber composite members of substantially U-shape cross section bonded together and to said core member,
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
86 words
a second spar comprising a plurality of first fiber composite members extending from substantially the spar tip end of said core member to the spar root end thereof and therebeyond and being folded back upon itself so as to form a loop and then extend from the spar root end of the core member to the spar tip end to substantially the spar tip end thereof thereby forming a formation of fiber composite members of substantially U-shape cross section bonded together and to said core member,
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
88 words
a first spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said upper airfoil surface and extending substantially from the spar tip end to the spar root end of the core member and therebeyond and turning back upon itself to form a first loop and then extending substantially to said tip end, with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface of said core member, B. a second spar assembly adjacent the lower airfoil surface and including:
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
88 words
a first spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said upper airfoil surface and extending substantially from the spar tip end to the spar root end of the core member and therebeyond and turning back upon itself to form a first loop and then extending substantially to said tip end, with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface of said core member, B. a second spar assembly adjacent the lower airfoil surface and including:
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
181 words
fabricating a spar of beam including the steps of: a. laying-up a first series of plastic preimpregnated glass fiber composites commencing at about the spar tip end of the mold and extending to the spar root end of the mold with the fiber composites extending in substantially the direction of the spar longitudinal axis while allowing about an equal length of each glass fiber composites to extend beyond the spar root end of the mold, b. positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the spar root end of the mold so that an adhesively surfaced wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on the glass fiber composites so layed-up and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the spar tip end of the mold, c. wrapping the glass fiber composites around the wedge member and then laying up the glass fiber composites against the fiber composites so layed-up so as to form a second series of glass fiber composites extending substantially from the spar root end of the mold to the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
181 words
fabricating a spar of beam including the steps of: a. laying-up a first series of plastic preimpregnated glass fiber composites commencing at about the spar tip end of the mold and extending to the spar root end of the mold with the fiber composites extending in substantially the direction of the spar longitudinal axis while allowing about an equal length of each glass fiber composites to extend beyond the spar root end of the mold, b. positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the spar root end of the mold so that an adhesively surfaced wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on the glass fiber composites so layed-up and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the spar tip end of the mold, c. wrapping the glass fiber composites around the wedge member and then laying up the glass fiber composites against the fiber composites so layed-up so as to form a second series of glass fiber composites extending substantially from the spar root end of the mold to the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
233 words
a second spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said blade lower airfoil surface and commencing with a first layer of fiber composite members extending substantially from the blade tip end to the blade root end of the core member and therebeyond and turning back upon itself to form a second loop and then extending substantially to said blade tip, with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface of central core member and with said first surfaces of said core members bonded together, C. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said first loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and with said fiber composite members being bonded to the opposite sides thereof, D. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said second loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and with said fiber composite members being bonded to the opposite sides thereof, E. means to connect said first and second plate members to the blade root, thereby providing three load carrying paths between each of said first and second spars and said blade root, namely, the two bonds between said plate member and said fiber composite members in each spar and the load carrying joint formed between said plate member and the turn of each of said loops.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
233 words
a second spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said blade lower airfoil surface and commencing with a first layer of fiber composite members extending substantially from the blade tip end to the blade root end of the core member and therebeyond and turning back upon itself to form a second loop and then extending substantially to said blade tip, with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface of central core member and with said first surfaces of said core members bonded together, C. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said first loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and with said fiber composite members being bonded to the opposite sides thereof, D. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said second loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and with said fiber composite members being bonded to the opposite sides thereof, E. means to connect said first and second plate members to the blade root, thereby providing three load carrying paths between each of said first and second spars and said blade root, namely, the two bonds between said plate member and said fiber composite members in each spar and the load carrying joint formed between said plate member and the turn of each of said loops.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
169 words
fabricating a spar or beam including the steps of: a. laying-up a series of high strength, low weight fiber composites commencing at the spar tip end of the mold and extending to the spar root end of the mold with the fiber composites extending in substantially the direction of the spar longitudinal axis while allowing about an equal length of each fiber composite to extend beyond the spar root end of the mold, b. positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the spar root end of the mold so that a wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on said fiber composites and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the spar tip end of the mold, c. wrapping the fiber composites around the wedge member and then laying-up the fibers against the fiber composites already layed up so as to form a series of fiber composites extending substantially from the spar root end of the mold to the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
169 words
fabricating a spar or beam including the steps of: a. laying-up a series of high strength, low weight fiber composites commencing at the spar tip end of the mold and extending to the spar root end of the mold with the fiber composites extending in substantially the direction of the spar longitudinal axis while allowing about an equal length of each fiber composite to extend beyond the spar root end of the mold, b. positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the spar root end of the mold so that a wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on said fiber composites and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the spar tip end of the mold, c. wrapping the fiber composites around the wedge member and then laying-up the fibers against the fiber composites already layed up so as to form a series of fiber composites extending substantially from the spar root end of the mold to the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
49 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar member including:
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
49 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar member including:
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
102 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar members to define a blade of airfoil shape cross section, and D. a blade cover enveloping said first and second spar members and said filler material and bonded thereto and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of fiber members so as to carry the torque loads of the blade.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
102 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar members to define a blade of airfoil shape cross section, and D. a blade cover enveloping said first and second spar members and said filler material and bonded thereto and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of fiber members so as to carry the torque loads of the blade.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
49 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said lOop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar assembly including:
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
49 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said lOop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar assembly including:
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
100 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar assemblies to define a blade of airfoil shape cross section, and D. a blade cover enveloping said first and second spar assemblies and said filler material and bonded thereto and comprising a plurality of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the blade.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
100 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar assemblies to define a blade of airfoil shape cross section, and D. a blade cover enveloping said first and second spar assemblies and said filler material and bonded thereto and comprising a plurality of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the blade.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
49 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar assembly including:
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
49 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar assembly including:
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
103 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar assemblies so joined to define a spar of selected cross section, and D. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies and said filler material and bonded thereto and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
103 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar assemblies so joined to define a spar of selected cross section, and D. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies and said filler material and bonded thereto and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
302 words
a second spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said lower airfoil surface and extending substantially from the tip end to the spar root end of the core member and forming a second loop therebeyond with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface of central core member and with said first suRfaces of said core members bonded together, C. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said first loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and having said fiber composite members of said first spar bonded to the opposite sides thereof, D. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said second loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and having said fiber composite members of said second spar bonded to the opposite sides thereof, E. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar assemblies so joined to define a spar of selected cross section, F. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies so joined and said filler material and comprising a plurality of multi-directional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar, G. a blade after portion defining the blade trailing edge and connected to said twin-beam spar and shaped so as to cooperate therewith in defining the blade airfoil cross section, and H. means to connect said first and second plate members to the spar root, thereby providing three load carrying paths between each of said first and second spars and said spar root, namely, the two bonds between said plate member and said fiber members in each spar and the load carrying joint formed between said plate member and the turn of each of said loops.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
302 words
a second spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said lower airfoil surface and extending substantially from the tip end to the spar root end of the core member and forming a second loop therebeyond with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface of central core member and with said first suRfaces of said core members bonded together, C. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said first loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and having said fiber composite members of said first spar bonded to the opposite sides thereof, D. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said second loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and having said fiber composite members of said second spar bonded to the opposite sides thereof, E. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar assemblies so joined to define a spar of selected cross section, F. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies so joined and said filler material and comprising a plurality of multi-directional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar, G. a blade after portion defining the blade trailing edge and connected to said twin-beam spar and shaped so as to cooperate therewith in defining the blade airfoil cross section, and H. means to connect said first and second plate members to the spar root, thereby providing three load carrying paths between each of said first and second spars and said spar root, namely, the two bonds between said plate member and said fiber members in each spar and the load carrying joint formed between said plate member and the turn of each of said loops.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
54 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second assembly joined to said first spar assembly including:
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
54 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second assembly joined to said first spar assembly including:
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
86 words
a first spar comprising plurality of fiber composite members extending from substantially the spar tip end of the said core member to the spar root end thereof and therebeyond and being folded back upon itself so as to form a loop and then extend from the spar root end of the core member to substantially the spar tip end thereof thereby forming a formation of fiber composite members of substantially U-shape cross section and with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said core member,
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
86 words
a first spar comprising plurality of fiber composite members extending from substantially the spar tip end of the said core member to the spar root end thereof and therebeyond and being folded back upon itself so as to form a loop and then extend from the spar root end of the core member to substantially the spar tip end thereof thereby forming a formation of fiber composite members of substantially U-shape cross section and with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said core member,
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
85 words
a second spar comprising plurality of first fiber composite members extending from substantially the spar tip end of said core member to the spar root end thereof and therebeyond and being folded back upon itself so as to form a loop and then extend from the spar root end of the core member to the spar tip end to substantially the spar tip end thereof thereby forming a formation of fiber composite members of substantially U-shape cross section, bonded together and to said core member,
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
85 words
a second spar comprising plurality of first fiber composite members extending from substantially the spar tip end of said core member to the spar root end thereof and therebeyond and being folded back upon itself so as to form a loop and then extend from the spar root end of the core member to the spar tip end to substantially the spar tip end thereof thereby forming a formation of fiber composite members of substantially U-shape cross section, bonded together and to said core member,
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
49 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar assembly including:
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
49 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar assembly including:
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
78 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. a blade cover enveloping said first and second spar assemblies and bonded thereto and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the blade.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
78 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. a blade cover enveloping said first and second spar assemblies and bonded thereto and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the blade.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
49 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar assembly including:
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
49 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar assembly including:
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
77 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies and bonded thereto and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
77 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies and bonded thereto and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
74 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. a blade cover enveloping said first and second spar members comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the blade.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
74 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. a blade cover enveloping said first and second spar members comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the blade.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
54 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second assembly joined to said first spar assembly including:
Claim 87
Dependent Claim
54 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second assembly joined to said first spar assembly including:
Claim 88
Dependent Claim
273 words
a second spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said lower airfoil surface and extending substantially from the tip end to the spar root end of the core member and forming a second loop therebeyond with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface of central core member and with said first surfaces of said core members bonded together, C. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said first loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and having said fiber composite member of said first spar bonded to the opposite sides thereof, D. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said second loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and having said fiber composite members of said second spar bonded to the opposite sides thereof, E. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar assemblies so joined to define a spar of selected cross section, F. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies so joined and said filler material and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar, and G. means to connect said first and second plate members to the spar root, thereby providing three load carrying paths between each of said first and second spars and said spar root, namely, the two bonds between said plate member and said fiber composite members in each spar, and the load carrying joint formed between said plate member and the turn of each of said loops.
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
273 words
a second spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said lower airfoil surface and extending substantially from the tip end to the spar root end of the core member and forming a second loop therebeyond with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface of central core member and with said first surfaces of said core members bonded together, C. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said first loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and having said fiber composite member of said first spar bonded to the opposite sides thereof, D. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said second loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and having said fiber composite members of said second spar bonded to the opposite sides thereof, E. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar assemblies so joined to define a spar of selected cross section, F. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies so joined and said filler material and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar, and G. means to connect said first and second plate members to the spar root, thereby providing three load carrying paths between each of said first and second spars and said spar root, namely, the two bonds between said plate member and said fiber composite members in each spar, and the load carrying joint formed between said plate member and the turn of each of said loops.
Claim 90
Dependent Claim
172 words
fabricating a spar or beam including the steps of: a. laying-up a first series of plastic preimpregnated glass fibers commencing at about the spar tip end of the mold and extending to the spar root end of the mold with the fibers extending in substantially the direction of the spar longitudinal axis while allowing about an equal length of each glass fiber to extend beyond the spar root end of the mold, b. positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the spar root end of the mold so that an adhesively surfaced wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on the glass fibers so layed-up and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the spar tip end of the mold, c. wrapping the glass fibers around the wedge member and then laying-up the glass fibers against the fibers so layed-up so as to form a second series of glass fibers extending substantially from the spar root end of the mold to the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 91
Dependent Claim
172 words
fabricating a spar or beam including the steps of: a. laying-up a first series of plastic preimpregnated glass fibers commencing at about the spar tip end of the mold and extending to the spar root end of the mold with the fibers extending in substantially the direction of the spar longitudinal axis while allowing about an equal length of each glass fiber to extend beyond the spar root end of the mold, b. positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the spar root end of the mold so that an adhesively surfaced wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on the glass fibers so layed-up and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the spar tip end of the mold, c. wrapping the glass fibers around the wedge member and then laying-up the glass fibers against the fibers so layed-up so as to form a second series of glass fibers extending substantially from the spar root end of the mold to the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 92
Dependent Claim
45 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said members, and to which said members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar member including:
Claim 93
Dependent Claim
45 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said members, and to which said members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar member including:
Claim 94
Dependent Claim
72 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said members and to which said members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. a blade cover enveloping said first and second spar members and bonded thereto and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of members so as to carry the torque loads of the blade.
Claim 95
Dependent Claim
72 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said members and to which said members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. a blade cover enveloping said first and second spar members and bonded thereto and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of members so as to carry the torque loads of the blade.
Claim 96
Dependent Claim
45 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said members, and to which said members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar assembly including:
Claim 97
Dependent Claim
45 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said members, and to which said members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar assembly including:
Claim 98
Dependent Claim
72 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said members and to which Said members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. a blade cover enveloping said first and second spar assemblies and bonded thereto and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of members so as to carry the torque loads of the blade.
Claim 99
Dependent Claim
72 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said members and to which Said members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. a blade cover enveloping said first and second spar assemblies and bonded thereto and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of members so as to carry the torque loads of the blade.
Claim 100
Dependent Claim
45 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said members, and to which said members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar assembly including:
Claim 101
Dependent Claim
45 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said members, and to which said members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar assembly including:
Claim 102
Dependent Claim
71 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said members and to which said members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies and bonded thereto and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar.
Claim 103
Dependent Claim
71 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said members and to which said members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies and bonded thereto and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar.
Claim 104
Dependent Claim
50 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said members, and to which said members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second assembly joined to said first spar assembly including:
Claim 105
Dependent Claim
50 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said members, and to which said members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second assembly joined to said first spar assembly including:
Claim 106
Dependent Claim
102 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said members and to which said members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies and bonded thereto and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar, and D. a blade after portion defining the blade trailing edge and connected to said twin-beam spar and shaped so as to cooperate therewith in defining the blade airfoil cross section.
Claim 107
Dependent Claim
102 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said members and to which said members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies and bonded thereto and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar, and D. a blade after portion defining the blade trailing edge and connected to said twin-beam spar and shaped so as to cooperate therewith in defining the blade airfoil cross section.
Claim 108
Dependent Claim
86 words
a first spar comprising a plurality of fiber composite members extending from substantially the spar tip end of said core member to the spar root end thereof and therebeyond and being folded back upon itself so as to form a loop and then extend from the spar root end of the core member to substantially the spar tip end thereof thereby forming a formation of fiber composite members of substantially U-shape cross section and with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said core member,
Claim 109
Dependent Claim
86 words
a first spar comprising a plurality of fiber composite members extending from substantially the spar tip end of said core member to the spar root end thereof and therebeyond and being folded back upon itself so as to form a loop and then extend from the spar root end of the core member to substantially the spar tip end thereof thereby forming a formation of fiber composite members of substantially U-shape cross section and with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said core member,
Claim 110
Dependent Claim
318 words
a second spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said lower airfoil surface and commencing with a first layer of fibers extending substantially from the spar tip end to the spar root end of the core member and therebeyond and turning back upon itself to form a second loop and then extending substantially to said spar tip, with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface to central core member and with said first surfaces of said core members bonded together, C. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said first loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and with said fiber composite members being bonded to the opposite sides thereof, D. tear-shaped plate member extending through said second loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and with said fiber composite members being bonded to the opposite sides thereof, E. means to connect said first and second plate members to the blade root, thereby providing three load carrying paths between each of said first and second spars and said blade root, namely, the two bonds between said plate member and said fiber composite members in each spar, and the load carrying joint formed between said plate members and the turn of each of said loops, F. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar assemblies so joined to define a spar of selected cross section, G. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies so joined and said filler material and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar, and H. a blade after portion defining the blade trailing edge and connected to said twin-beam spar and shaped so as to cooperate therewith in defining the blade airfoil cross section.
Claim 111
Dependent Claim
318 words
a second spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said lower airfoil surface and commencing with a first layer of fibers extending substantially from the spar tip end to the spar root end of the core member and therebeyond and turning back upon itself to form a second loop and then extending substantially to said spar tip, with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface to central core member and with said first surfaces of said core members bonded together, C. a tear-shaped plate member extending through said first loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and with said fiber composite members being bonded to the opposite sides thereof, D. tear-shaped plate member extending through said second loop so as to be positioned substantially against the turn of the loop and with said fiber composite members being bonded to the opposite sides thereof, E. means to connect said first and second plate members to the blade root, thereby providing three load carrying paths between each of said first and second spars and said blade root, namely, the two bonds between said plate member and said fiber composite members in each spar, and the load carrying joint formed between said plate members and the turn of each of said loops, F. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar assemblies so joined to define a spar of selected cross section, G. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies so joined and said filler material and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar, and H. a blade after portion defining the blade trailing edge and connected to said twin-beam spar and shaped so as to cooperate therewith in defining the blade airfoil cross section.
Claim 112
Dependent Claim
73 words
a first spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said upper airfoil surface and extending substantially from the tip end to the spar root end of the core member and forming a first loop therebeyond with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface of said core member, B. a second spar assembly adjacent defining the lower surface and including:
Claim 113
Dependent Claim
73 words
a first spar comprising a plurality of high tensile strength fiber composite members positioned between said core member and said upper airfoil surface and extending substantially from the tip end to the spar root end of the core member and forming a first loop therebeyond with said fiber composite members bonded together and to said second surface of said core member, B. a second spar assembly adjacent defining the lower surface and including:
Claim 114
Dependent Claim
175 words
fabricating a spar or beam including the steps of: a. laying-up a first series of plastic preimpregnated glass fibers commencing at about the blade tip end of the mold and extending to the blade root end of the mold with the fibers extending in substantially the direction of the blade longitudinal axis while allowing about an equal length of each glass fiber to extend beyond the blade root end of the mold, b. positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the blade root end of the mold so that an adhesively surfaced wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on the glass fibers so layed up and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the blade tip end of the mold, c. wrapping the glass fibers around the wedge member and then laying up the glass fibers against the fibers so layed up so as to form a second series of glass fibers extending substantially from the blade root end of the mold to the blade tip end of the mold,
Claim 115
Dependent Claim
175 words
fabricating a spar or beam including the steps of: a. laying-up a first series of plastic preimpregnated glass fibers commencing at about the blade tip end of the mold and extending to the blade root end of the mold with the fibers extending in substantially the direction of the blade longitudinal axis while allowing about an equal length of each glass fiber to extend beyond the blade root end of the mold, b. positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the blade root end of the mold so that an adhesively surfaced wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on the glass fibers so layed up and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the blade tip end of the mold, c. wrapping the glass fibers around the wedge member and then laying up the glass fibers against the fibers so layed up so as to form a second series of glass fibers extending substantially from the blade root end of the mold to the blade tip end of the mold,
Claim 116
Dependent Claim
131 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar assemblies to define a spar of selected cross section, D. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies and said filler material and bonded thereto and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar, and E. a blade after portion defining the blade trailing edge and connected to said twin-beam sapr and shaped so as to cooperate therewith in defining the blade airfoil cross section.
Claim 117
Dependent Claim
131 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar assemblies to define a spar of selected cross section, D. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies and said filler material and bonded thereto and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar, and E. a blade after portion defining the blade trailing edge and connected to said twin-beam sapr and shaped so as to cooperate therewith in defining the blade airfoil cross section.
Claim 118
Dependent Claim
49 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar member including:
Claim 119
Dependent Claim
49 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar member including:
Claim 120
Dependent Claim
108 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies and bonded thereto and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar, and D. a blade after portion defining the blade trailing edge and connected to said twin-beam spar and shaped so as to cooperate therewith in defining the blade airfoil cross section.
Claim 121
Dependent Claim
108 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies and bonded thereto and comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar, and D. a blade after portion defining the blade trailing edge and connected to said twin-beam spar and shaped so as to cooperate therewith in defining the blade airfoil cross section.
Claim 122
Dependent Claim
47 words
positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the spar root end of the mold so that a wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on said fiber composites and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 123
Dependent Claim
47 words
positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the spar root end of the mold so that a wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on said fiber composites and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 124
Dependent Claim
47 words
positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the spar root end of the mold so that a wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on said fiber composites and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 125
Dependent Claim
47 words
positioning a root end fitting in proper selected position at the spar root end of the mold so that a wedge shaped portion thereof is lying on said fiber composites and with the pointed end of the wedge extending toward the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 126
Dependent Claim
54 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second assembly joined to said first spar assembly including:
Claim 127
Dependent Claim
54 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second assembly joined to said first spar assembly including:
Claim 128
Dependent Claim
48 words
wrapping the fiber composites around the wedge member and then laying-up the fiber composites against the fiber composites already layed-up so as to form a series of fiber composites extending substantially from the span root end of the mold to about the span tip end of the mold,
Claim 129
Dependent Claim
48 words
wrapping the fiber composites around the wedge member and then laying-up the fiber composites against the fiber composites already layed-up so as to form a series of fiber composites extending substantially from the span root end of the mold to about the span tip end of the mold,
Claim 130
Dependent Claim
48 words
wrapping the fiber composites around the wedge member and then laying-up the fiber composites against the fiber composites already layed-up so as to form a series of fiber composites extending substantially from the span root end of the mold to about the span tip end of the mold,
Claim 131
Dependent Claim
48 words
wrapping the fiber composites around the wedge member and then laying-up the fiber composites against the fiber composites already layed-up so as to form a series of fiber composites extending substantially from the span root end of the mold to about the span tip end of the mold,
Claim 132
Dependent Claim
102 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar assemblies so joined to define a spar of selected cross section, and D. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies so joined and said filler material and comprising a plurality of multi-directional layers of fibeR composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar.
Claim 133
Dependent Claim
102 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar assemblies so joined to define a spar of selected cross section, and D. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies so joined and said filler material and comprising a plurality of multi-directional layers of fibeR composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar.
Claim 134
Dependent Claim
55 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar assembly joined to said first spar assembly including:
Claim 135
Dependent Claim
55 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar assembly joined to said first spar assembly including:
Claim 136
Dependent Claim
16 words
curing the blade cover portion and the spar portion so layed up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 137
Dependent Claim
16 words
curing the blade cover portion and the spar portion so layed up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 138
Dependent Claim
15 words
treating the torque-tube portion and the spar portion so layed up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 139
Dependent Claim
15 words
treating the torque-tube portion and the spar portion so layed up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 140
Dependent Claim
13 words
curing the torque-tube and spar portion so layed up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 141
Dependent Claim
13 words
curing the torque-tube and spar portion so layed up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 142
Dependent Claim
132 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar assemblies so joined to define a spar of selected cross section, D. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies so joined and said filler material and comprising a plurality of multi-directional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar, and E. a blade after portion defining the blade trailing edge and connected to said twin-beam spar and shaped so as to cooperate therewith in defining the blade airfoil cross section.
Claim 143
Dependent Claim
132 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar assemblies so joined to define a spar of selected cross section, D. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies so joined and said filler material and comprising a plurality of multi-directional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the spar, and E. a blade after portion defining the blade trailing edge and connected to said twin-beam spar and shaped so as to cooperate therewith in defining the blade airfoil cross section.
Claim 144
Dependent Claim
59 words
wrapping each sheet of said first series of sheets around the wedge member and then laying-up each sheet against the layers of said first series of sheets so layed up so as to form a second series of layers of sheets extending substantially from the span root end of the mold to the span tip end of the mold,
Claim 145
Dependent Claim
59 words
wrapping each sheet of said first series of sheets around the wedge member and then laying-up each sheet against the layers of said first series of sheets so layed up so as to form a second series of layers of sheets extending substantially from the span root end of the mold to the span tip end of the mold,
Claim 146
Dependent Claim
12 words
curing the torque-tube and spar portion so layed-up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 147
Dependent Claim
12 words
curing the torque-tube and spar portion so layed-up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 148
Dependent Claim
14 words
treating the torque-tube portion and the spar portion so layed-up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 149
Dependent Claim
14 words
treating the torque-tube portion and the spar portion so layed-up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 150
Dependent Claim
16 words
curing the blade cover portion and the spar portion so layed up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 151
Dependent Claim
16 words
curing the blade cover portion and the spar portion so layed up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 152
Dependent Claim
49 words
wrapping the fiber composites around the wedge member and then laying-up the fiber composites against the fiber composites already layed up so as to form a series of fiber composites extending substantially from the torque-tube root end of the mold to about the torque-tube tip end of the mold,
Claim 153
Dependent Claim
49 words
wrapping the fiber composites around the wedge member and then laying-up the fiber composites against the fiber composites already layed up so as to form a series of fiber composites extending substantially from the torque-tube root end of the mold to about the torque-tube tip end of the mold,
Claim 154
Dependent Claim
49 words
wrapping the fiber composites around the wedge member and then laying-up the fiber composites against the fiber composites already layed up so as to form a series of fiber composites extending substantially from the span root end of the mold to about the span tip end of the mold,
Claim 155
Dependent Claim
49 words
wrapping the fiber composites around the wedge member and then laying-up the fiber composites against the fiber composites already layed up so as to form a series of fiber composites extending substantially from the span root end of the mold to about the span tip end of the mold,
Claim 156
Dependent Claim
16 words
treating the blade cover portion and the spar portion so layed up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 157
Dependent Claim
16 words
treating the blade cover portion and the spar portion so layed up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 158
Dependent Claim
38 words
A blade according to claim 1 wherein said first fiber composite members and said second fiber composite members include high tensile strength fibers and are principally oriented to extend substantially in the direction of the blade longitudinal axis.
Claim 159
Dependent Claim
49 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar member including:
Claim 160
Dependent Claim
49 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar member including:
Claim 161
Dependent Claim
94 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar members to define a blade of airfoil shaped cross section, and D. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar members comprising a plurality of multi-directional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the blade.
Claim 162
Dependent Claim
94 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar members to define a blade of airfoil shaped cross section, and D. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar members comprising a plurality of multi-directional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the blade.
Claim 163
Dependent Claim
56 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar assembly joined to said first spar assembly and including:
Claim 164
Dependent Claim
56 words
a first cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members, and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said first cuff member to the hub, B. a second spar assembly joined to said first spar assembly and including:
Claim 165
Dependent Claim
96 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar assemblies so joined to define a blade of airfoil shape cross section, and D. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the blade.
Claim 166
Dependent Claim
96 words
a second cuff member including: a. a cuff plate member extending through said loop in said fiber composite members and to which said fiber composite members are bonded, b. an attachment means to permit attachment of said second cuff member to the hub, C. filler material cooperating with said first and second spar assemblies so joined to define a blade of airfoil shape cross section, and D. a torque-tube enveloping said first and second spar assemblies comprising a plurality of multidirectional layers of fiber composite members so as to carry the torque loads of the blade.
Claim 167
Dependent Claim
16 words
treating the blade cover portion and the spar portion so layed up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 168
Dependent Claim
16 words
treating the blade cover portion and the spar portion so layed up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 169
Dependent Claim
51 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the fiber composites so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the blade longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the blade root end of the mold and the blade tip end of the mold,
Claim 170
Dependent Claim
51 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the fiber composites so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the blade longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the blade root end of the mold and the blade tip end of the mold,
Claim 171
Dependent Claim
57 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the second series of layers of composite fiber sheets so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the blade longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the blade root end of the mold and the blade tip end of the mold,
Claim 172
Dependent Claim
57 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the second series of layers of composite fiber sheets so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the blade longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the blade root end of the mold and the blade tip end of the mold,
Claim 173
Dependent Claim
17 words
A blade according to claim 3 wherein said first and second fiber composite members are glass fiber.
Claim 174
Dependent Claim
10 words
treating the spar so layed up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 175
Dependent Claim
10 words
treating the spar so layed up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 176
Dependent Claim
11 words
treating the half torque-tube so layed up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 177
Dependent Claim
11 words
treating the half torque-tube so layed up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 178
Dependent Claim
68 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the second series of layers of glass fiber sheets so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the blade span or longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the blade root end of the mold and the blade tip end of the mold, and is bonded to said second series of layers,
Claim 179
Dependent Claim
68 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the second series of layers of glass fiber sheets so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the blade span or longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the blade root end of the mold and the blade tip end of the mold, and is bonded to said second series of layers,
Claim 180
Dependent Claim
51 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the fiber composites so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the spar longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the spar root end of the mold and the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 181
Dependent Claim
51 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the fiber composites so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the spar longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the spar root end of the mold and the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 182
Dependent Claim
58 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the glass so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the spar span or longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the spar root end of the mold and the spar tip end of the mold, and is bonded to glass fibers,
Claim 183
Dependent Claim
58 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the glass so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the spar span or longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the spar root end of the mold and the spar tip end of the mold, and is bonded to glass fibers,
Claim 184
Dependent Claim
57 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the second series of layers of sheets so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the core span or longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the spar root end of the mold and the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 185
Dependent Claim
57 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the second series of layers of sheets so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the core span or longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the spar root end of the mold and the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 186
Dependent Claim
60 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the glass fiber composites so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the spar span or longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the spar root end of the mold and the spar tip end of the mold, and is bonded to glass fibers,
Claim 187
Dependent Claim
60 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the glass fiber composites so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the spar span or longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the spar root end of the mold and the spar tip end of the mold, and is bonded to glass fibers,
Claim 188
Dependent Claim
51 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the fiber composites so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the spar longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the spar root end of the mold and the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 189
Dependent Claim
51 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the fiber composites so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the spar longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the spar root end of the mold and the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 190
Dependent Claim
9 words
treating the spar so layed-up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 191
Dependent Claim
9 words
treating the spar so layed-up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 192
Dependent Claim
59 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the glass fibers so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the blade span or longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the blade root end of the mold and the blade tip end of the mold, and is bonded to glass fibers,
Claim 193
Dependent Claim
59 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the glass fibers so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the blade span or longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the blade root end of the mold and the blade tip end of the mold, and is bonded to glass fibers,
Claim 194
Dependent Claim
9 words
treating the spar so layed-up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 195
Dependent Claim
9 words
treating the spar so layed-up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 196
Dependent Claim
53 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the fiber composites so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the core span or longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the spar root end of the mold and the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 197
Dependent Claim
53 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the fiber composites so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the core span or longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the spar root end of the mold and the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 198
Dependent Claim
116 words
machining the first half of the spar so fabricated to the proper spar chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the spar following the same procedure, C. bonding the two spar halves so fabricated together so as to form a spar assembly, D. enveloping said spar assembly within a plurality of layers of high strength fiber composites, with at least some of the fiber composites of each layer forming different angles with respect to the blade longitudinal axis than the fiber composites of the layers to form a torque-tube enveloping the spar assembly, and E. attaching blade after portions to the spar assembly with torque-tube of selected shape to cooperate therewith in defining the blade airfoil.
Claim 199
Dependent Claim
116 words
machining the first half of the spar so fabricated to the proper spar chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the spar following the same procedure, C. bonding the two spar halves so fabricated together so as to form a spar assembly, D. enveloping said spar assembly within a plurality of layers of high strength fiber composites, with at least some of the fiber composites of each layer forming different angles with respect to the blade longitudinal axis than the fiber composites of the layers to form a torque-tube enveloping the spar assembly, and E. attaching blade after portions to the spar assembly with torque-tube of selected shape to cooperate therewith in defining the blade airfoil.
Claim 200
Dependent Claim
148 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the fiber composites so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the core span or longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the spar root end of the mold and the spar tip end of the mold, 6. finishing the first half of the spar so fabricated to the proper spar chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the spar following the same procedure, C. connecting the two spar halves so fabricated together so as to form an aerodynamic blade spar, D. enveloping said blade spar in a torque-tube which comprises a plurality of layers of fiber composites extending in different directions with respect to the spar longitudinal axis, and E. attaching blade after portions to the spar assembly with torque-tube of selected shape to cooperate therewith in defining the blade airfoil.
Claim 201
Dependent Claim
148 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the fiber composites so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the core span or longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the spar root end of the mold and the spar tip end of the mold, 6. finishing the first half of the spar so fabricated to the proper spar chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the spar following the same procedure, C. connecting the two spar halves so fabricated together so as to form an aerodynamic blade spar, D. enveloping said blade spar in a torque-tube which comprises a plurality of layers of fiber composites extending in different directions with respect to the spar longitudinal axis, and E. attaching blade after portions to the spar assembly with torque-tube of selected shape to cooperate therewith in defining the blade airfoil.
Claim 202
Dependent Claim
116 words
finishing the first half of the spar so fabricated to the proper spar chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the spar following the same procedure, C. connecting the two spar halves so fabricated together so as to form a spar assembly, D. enveloping said spar assembly within a plurality of layers of high strength fiber composites, with at least some of the fiber composites of each layer forming different angles with respect to the blade longitudinal axis than the fiber composites of other layers to form a torque-tube enveloping the spar assembly, and E. attaching blade after portions to the spar assembly with torque-tube of selected shape to cooperate therewith in defining the blade airfoil.
Claim 203
Dependent Claim
116 words
finishing the first half of the spar so fabricated to the proper spar chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the spar following the same procedure, C. connecting the two spar halves so fabricated together so as to form a spar assembly, D. enveloping said spar assembly within a plurality of layers of high strength fiber composites, with at least some of the fiber composites of each layer forming different angles with respect to the blade longitudinal axis than the fiber composites of other layers to form a torque-tube enveloping the spar assembly, and E. attaching blade after portions to the spar assembly with torque-tube of selected shape to cooperate therewith in defining the blade airfoil.
Claim 204
Dependent Claim
10 words
treating the spar so layed up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 205
Dependent Claim
10 words
treating the spar so layed up to effect bonding thereof,
Claim 206
Dependent Claim
43 words
finishing the first half of the spar so fabricated to the proper spar chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the spar following the same procedure, and C. connecting the two spar halves so fabricated together so as to form a spar assembly.
Claim 207
Dependent Claim
43 words
finishing the first half of the spar so fabricated to the proper spar chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the spar following the same procedure, and C. connecting the two spar halves so fabricated together so as to form a spar assembly.
Claim 208
Dependent Claim
43 words
machining the first half of the blade so fabricated to the proper blade chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the blade following the same procedure, and C. bonding the two blade halves so fabricated together so as to form an aerodynamic blade.
Claim 209
Dependent Claim
43 words
machining the first half of the blade so fabricated to the proper blade chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the blade following the same procedure, and C. bonding the two blade halves so fabricated together so as to form an aerodynamic blade.
Claim 210
Dependent Claim
42 words
finishing the first half of the blade so fabricated to the proper blade chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the blade following the same procedure, C. connecting the two blade halves so fabricated together so as to form an aerodynamic blade.
Claim 211
Dependent Claim
42 words
finishing the first half of the blade so fabricated to the proper blade chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the blade following the same procedure, C. connecting the two blade halves so fabricated together so as to form an aerodynamic blade.
Claim 212
Dependent Claim
52 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the fibers so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the torque-tube span or longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the torque-tube root end of the mold and the torque-tube tip end of the mold,
Claim 213
Dependent Claim
52 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the fibers so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the torque-tube span or longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the torque-tube root end of the mold and the torque-tube tip end of the mold,
Claim 214
Dependent Claim
53 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the fiber composites so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the core span or longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the spar root end of the mold and the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 215
Dependent Claim
53 words
positioning a selectively shaped, low density core member on the fiber composites so bonded so that the core material extends substantially in the direction of the core span or longitudinal axis and extends substantially the full distance between the spar root end of the mold and the spar tip end of the mold,
Claim 216
Dependent Claim
42 words
machining the first half of the blade so fabricated to the proper blade chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the blade following the same procedure, C. bonding the two blade halves so fabricated together so as to form an aerodynamic blade.
Claim 217
Dependent Claim
42 words
machining the first half of the blade so fabricated to the proper blade chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the blade following the same procedure, C. bonding the two blade halves so fabricated together so as to form an aerodynamic blade.
Claim 218
Dependent Claim
31 words
A blade according to claim 4 wherein said layers of said torque-tube are broadgoods of graphite fiber and glass fiber, and wherein said first and second fiber composite members are broadgoods.
Claim 219
Dependent Claim
43 words
machining the first half of the spar so fabricated to the proper spar chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the spar following the same procedure, and C. bonding the two spar halves so fabricated together so as to form a spar assembly.
Claim 220
Dependent Claim
43 words
machining the first half of the spar so fabricated to the proper spar chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the spar following the same procedure, and C. bonding the two spar halves so fabricated together so as to form a spar assembly.
Claim 221
Dependent Claim
45 words
finishing the first half of the blade so fabricated to the proper blade chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the blade following the same procedure, C. connecting the two blade halves so fabricated together so as to form an aerodynamic blade or spar assembly.
Claim 222
Dependent Claim
45 words
finishing the first half of the blade so fabricated to the proper blade chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the blade following the same procedure, C. connecting the two blade halves so fabricated together so as to form an aerodynamic blade or spar assembly.
Claim 223
Dependent Claim
43 words
finishing the first half of the spar so fabricated to the proper blade chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the spar following the same procedure, C. connecting the two spar halves so fabricated together so as to form an aerodynamic blade spar.
Claim 224
Dependent Claim
43 words
finishing the first half of the spar so fabricated to the proper blade chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the spar following the same procedure, C. connecting the two spar halves so fabricated together so as to form an aerodynamic blade spar.
Claim 225
Dependent Claim
56 words
A blade according to claim 1 wherein said cuff plate member is of teardrop shape and wherein said first fiber composite members are bonded to one of the sides thereof and said second fiber composite members are bonded to the opposite side thereof and wherein said plate member contacts said loop in said fiber composite members.
Claim 226
Dependent Claim
43 words
finishing the first half of the spar so fabricated to the proper blade chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the spar following the same procedure, C. connecting the two spar halves so fabricated together so as to form an aerodynamic blade spar.
Claim 227
Dependent Claim
43 words
finishing the first half of the spar so fabricated to the proper blade chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the spar following the same procedure, C. connecting the two spar halves so fabricated together so as to form an aerodynamic blade spar.
Claim 228
Dependent Claim
43 words
finishing the first half of the torque-tube so fabricated to the proper torque-tube chordline, C. fabricating the second half of the torque-tube following the same procedure, and D. connecting the two torque-tube halves so fabricated together so as to form a composite torque-tube.
Claim 229
Dependent Claim
43 words
finishing the first half of the torque-tube so fabricated to the proper torque-tube chordline, C. fabricating the second half of the torque-tube following the same procedure, and D. connecting the two torque-tube halves so fabricated together so as to form a composite torque-tube.
Claim 230
Dependent Claim
72 words
finishing the first half of the spar so fabricated to the proper spar chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the spar following the same procedure, C. connecting the two spar halves so fabricated together so as to form an aerodynamic blade spar, and D. enveloping said blade sPar in a torque-tube which comprises a plurality of layers of fiber composites extending in different directions with respect to the spar longitudinal axis.
Claim 231
Dependent Claim
72 words
finishing the first half of the spar so fabricated to the proper spar chordline, B. fabricating the second half of the spar following the same procedure, C. connecting the two spar halves so fabricated together so as to form an aerodynamic blade spar, and D. enveloping said blade sPar in a torque-tube which comprises a plurality of layers of fiber composites extending in different directions with respect to the spar longitudinal axis.
Claim 232
Dependent Claim
42 words
A blade according to claim 1 wherein said filler material includes trailing edge pockets positioned between said first and second spar members and said blade trailing edge and counterweights positioned between said first and second spar members and said blade leading edge.
Claim 233
Dependent Claim
46 words
A twin-beam spar, composite helicopter rotor blade including a root, a tip, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord, a span, an upper airfoil surface, a lower airfoil surface, a longitudinal axis and having: A. a first spar adjacent the upper airfoil surface and including:
Claim 234
Dependent Claim
46 words
A twin-beam spar, composite helicopter rotor blade including a root, a tip, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord, a span, an upper airfoil surface, a lower airfoil surface, a longitudinal axis and having: A. a first spar adjacent the upper airfoil surface and including:
Claim 235
Dependent Claim
45 words
A blade according to claim 8 and including a plurality of layers of high tensile strength composite fibers enveloping said spars so joined and preferably extending in different directions with respect to said blade longitudinal axis so as to form a torque-tube about said spars.
Claim 236
Dependent Claim
17 words
A blade according to claim 8 wherein said central core members are made of solid foam construction.
Claim 237
Dependent Claim
16 words
A blade according to claim 8 wherein said central core members are made of honeycomb construction.
Claim 238
Dependent Claim
13 words
A blade according to claim 8 wherein said fiber composite members are continuous.
Claim 239
Dependent Claim
17 words
A blade according to claim 12 wherein said continuous fiber composite members are made of glass fiber.
Claim 240
Dependent Claim
21 words
A blade according to claim 9 wherein said fibers in said torque-tube layers are made of glass fibers and/or graphite fibers.
Claim 241
Dependent Claim
36 words
A blade according to claim 8 including a blade cuff and wherein each of said plate members is connected to said blade cuff, which cuff is fabricated so as to be connected to a rotor hub.
Claim 242
Dependent Claim
18 words
A blade according to claim 15 wherein said plate members and said blade cuff are made of titanium.
Claim 243
Dependent Claim
31 words
A blade according to claim 8 and including means connected to and shaped so as to cooperate with said first and second spars to define the airfoil portion of the blade.
Claim 244
Dependent Claim
28 words
A blade according to claim 15 wherein said blade cuff is fabricated to define two load-carrying structural paths between each of said plate members and a rotor hub.
Claim 245
Dependent Claim
39 words
A composite, twin-spar, for a helicopter rotor blade including a root end, a tip end, a span, an upper surface, a lower surface, a longitudinal axis, and having: A. a first spar adjacent defining the upper surface and including:
Claim 246
Dependent Claim
39 words
A composite, twin-spar, for a helicopter rotor blade including a root end, a tip end, a span, an upper surface, a lower surface, a longitudinal axis, and having: A. a first spar adjacent defining the upper surface and including:
Claim 247
Dependent Claim
37 words
A spar according to claim 19 wherein said fiber composite members of said first and second spar are continuous and extend substantially along the blade longitudinal axis and preferably consists of a plurality of layers of broadgoods.
Claim 248
Dependent Claim
25 words
A spar according to claim 20 wherein said tear-shaped plate members are made of titanium, and wherein said core member is made of honeycomb construction.
Claim 249
Dependent Claim
27 words
A blade according to claim 21 wherein said means connecting said first and second plate members to the spar root is a redundant path, load carrying structure.
Claim 250
Independent Claim
23 words
The method of fabricating a composite aerodynamic blade having a twin-beam spar construction comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the blade by:
Claim 251
Independent Claim
23 words
The method of fabricating a composite aerodynamic blade having a twin-beam spar construction comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the blade by:
Claim 252
Independent Claim
23 words
The method of fabricating a composite aerodynamic blade having a twin-beam spar construction comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the blade by:
Claim 253
Independent Claim
23 words
The method of fabricating a composite aerodynamic blade having a twin-beam spar construction comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the blade by:
Claim 254
Dependent Claim
72 words
The method according to claim 24 wherein said sheets of said blade cover and said spar are broadgoods, and wherein said sheets of said first and second series of layers of said spar are caused to terminate at different distances from the blade tip end of the mold so as to effect a thinning or tapering effect of the spar between the blade root end thereof and the blade tip end thereof.
Claim 255
Dependent Claim
44 words
The method according to claim 25 wherein the sheets which form the blade cover are layed-up so that the fibers of at least some of the sheets are extending in a different direction than the fibers of at least some of the other sheets.
Claim 256
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method according to claim 26 wherein the fibers of most of said sheets define angles of substantially + or - 45* with the blade longitudinal axis and wherein the fibers of at least one of said sheets extend in a spanwise direction.
Claim 257
Dependent Claim
77 words
The method according to claim 27 and including the additional steps of selectively adding nonstructural counterweights to the inner surface of the blade cover of each blade half before each blade half is machined to the proper blade chordline, and determining the mass distribution of the two blade halves so machined and making any necessary changes to the counterweights as a result of this determination after machining of the two blade halves and before the bonding thereof.
Claim 258
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method according to claim 23 wherein the root end fitting is metallic and wherein the method used in connecting the two blade halves is bonding.
Claim 259
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method according to claim 29 wherein the two blade halves are bonded by the use of an adhesive layer between the halves.
Claim 260
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method according to claim 24 and including the steps of adding additional sheets of plastic impregnated fiber material at the blade cover leading edge and trailing edge so as to provide a greater area for bonding therebetween.
Claim 261
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method according to claim 24 and including the additional step of applying an adhesive layer between the root end fitting and the inner surface of the blade cover prior to curing.
Claim 262
Dependent Claim
70 words
The method according to claim 24 wherein the curing operation includes applying bleeder cloth and caul plates to the layed-up material in the mold, placing the mold with the layed-up material therein in a vacuum bag, evacuating the bag to compress the layers of layed-up material together, and subjecting the mold and the layed-up material within the vacuum bag so evacuated to selective heat treatment to perform the curing operation.
Claim 263
Independent Claim
24 words
The method of fabricating a composite spar of twin-beam construction for an aerodynamic blade comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the spar by:
Claim 264
Independent Claim
24 words
The method of fabricating a composite spar of twin-beam construction for an aerodynamic blade comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the spar by:
Claim 265
Dependent Claim
66 words
The method according to claim 34 wherein said first and second series of sheets are plastic impregnated sheets of glass fiber broadcloth, and including the additional STEP of adhesively bonding the wedge shaped portion of root end fitting to the first and second series of sheets, wherein said spar treating process is a curing process, and wherein said spar half finishing process is a machining process.
Claim 266
Dependent Claim
47 words
The method according to claim 35 and including the additional steps of attaching nonstructural trailing edge pockets to the spar so fabricated, and enveloping the spar and trailing pockets with selectively shaped filler and cover material so as to define the airfoil portion of an aerodynamic blade.
Claim 267
Dependent Claim
47 words
A twin-beam spar, composite aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and rotate with other blades to generate power and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar assembly including:
Claim 268
Dependent Claim
47 words
A twin-beam spar, composite aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and rotate with other blades to generate power and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar assembly including:
Claim 269
Dependent Claim
31 words
A blade according to claim 37 wherein said attachment means of said first and second cuff members are shaped to define redundant load paths between the cuff members and the hub.
Claim 270
Dependent Claim
41 words
A blade according to claim 37 wherein said cuff plate member is of teardrop shape and wherein said fiber composite members are bonded to the opposite sides thereof and wherein said plate member contacts said loop in said fiber composite members.
Claim 271
Dependent Claim
47 words
A twin-beam spar, composite helicopter rotor blade including a root, a tip, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord, a span, an upper airfoil surface, a lower airfoil surface, a longitudinal axis, and having: A. a first spar assembly adjacent the upper airfoil surface and including:
Claim 272
Dependent Claim
47 words
A twin-beam spar, composite helicopter rotor blade including a root, a tip, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord, a span, an upper airfoil surface, a lower airfoil surface, a longitudinal axis, and having: A. a first spar assembly adjacent the upper airfoil surface and including:
Claim 273
Dependent Claim
46 words
A blade according to claim 40 and including a plurality of layers of high tensile strength fiber composite members enveloping said spars so joined and preferably extending in different directions with respect to said blade longitudinal axis so as to form a torque-tube about said spars.
Claim 274
Dependent Claim
16 words
A blade according to claim 40 wherein said central core members are made of honeycomb construction.
Claim 275
Dependent Claim
17 words
A blade according to claim 40 wherein said central core members are made of solid foam construction.
Claim 276
Dependent Claim
13 words
A blade according to claim 40 wherein said fiber composite members are continuous.
Claim 277
Dependent Claim
17 words
A blade according to claim 44 wherein said continuous fiber composite members are made of glass fiber.
Claim 278
Dependent Claim
21 words
A blade according to claim 41 wherein said fibers in said torque-tube layers are made of glass fibers and/or graphite fibers.
Claim 279
Dependent Claim
36 words
A blade according to claim 40 including a blade cuff and wherein each of said plate members is connected to said blade cuff, which cuff is fabricated so as to be connected to a rotor hub.
Claim 280
Dependent Claim
18 words
A blade according to claim 47 wherein said plate members and said blade cuff are made of titanium.
Claim 281
Dependent Claim
32 words
A blade according to claim 40 and including means connected to and shaped so as to cooperate with said first and second spar assemblies to define the airfoil portion of the blade.
Claim 282
Dependent Claim
28 words
A blade according to claim 47 wherein said blade cuff is fabricated to define two load-carrying structural paths between each of said plate members and a rotor hub.
Claim 283
Dependent Claim
40 words
A composite, twin-beam spar, for a Helicopter rotor blade including a root end, a tip end, a span, an upper surface, a lower surface, a longitudinal axis, and having: A. a first spar assembly adjacent the upper surface and including:
Claim 284
Dependent Claim
40 words
A composite, twin-beam spar, for a Helicopter rotor blade including a root end, a tip end, a span, an upper surface, a lower surface, a longitudinal axis, and having: A. a first spar assembly adjacent the upper surface and including:
Claim 285
Dependent Claim
37 words
A spar according to claim 51 wherein said fiber composite members of said first and second spars are continuous and extend substantially along the blade longitudinal axis and preferably consists of a plurality of layers of broadgoods.
Claim 286
Dependent Claim
25 words
A spar according to claim 52 wherein said tear-shaped plate members are made of titanium, and wherein said core member is made of honeycomb construction.
Claim 287
Dependent Claim
26 words
A blade according to claim 53 wherein said means connecting said first and second plate members to the spar root is a redundant path, load-carrying structure.
Claim 288
Independent Claim
23 words
The method of fabricating a composite aerodynamic blade having a twin-beam spar construction comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the blade by:
Claim 289
Independent Claim
23 words
The method of fabricating a composite aerodynamic blade having a twin-beam spar construction comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the blade by:
Claim 290
Independent Claim
23 words
The method of fabricating a composite aerodynamic blade having a twin-beam spar construction comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the blade by:
Claim 291
Independent Claim
23 words
The method of fabricating a composite aerodynamic blade having a twin-beam spar construction comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the blade by:
Claim 292
Dependent Claim
53 words
The method according to claim 56 wherein said glass fiber layers of said spar are caused to terminate at different distances from the blade tip end of the mold so as to effect a thinning or tapering effect of the spar between the blade root end thereof and the blade tip end thereof.
Claim 293
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method according to claim 57 wherein the glass fibers which form the blade cover are layed-up so that at least some of the glass fibers are extending in a different direction than other glass fibers.
Claim 294
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method according to claim 58 wherein most of the fibers define angles of substantially + or - 45* with the blade longitudinal axis and wherein some of the fibers extend in a spanwise direction.
Claim 295
Dependent Claim
77 words
The method according to claim 59 and including the additional stepS of selectively adding nonstructural counterweights to the inner surface of the blade cover of each blade half before each blade half is machined to the proper blade chordline, and determining the mass distribution of the two blade halves so machined and making any necessary changes to the counterweights as a result of this determination after machining of the two blade halves and before the bonding thereof.
Claim 296
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method according to claim 55 wherein the root end fitting is metallic and wherein the method used in connecting the two blade halves is bonding.
Claim 297
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method according to claim 61 wherein the two blade halves are bonded by the use of an adhesive layer between the halves.
Claim 298
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method according to claim 56 and including the steps of adding additional sheets of plastic impregnated fiber material at the blade cover leading edge and trailing edge so as to provide a greater area for bonding therebetween.
Claim 299
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method according to claim 56 and including the additional step of applying an adhesive layer between the root end fitting and the inner surface of the blade cover prior to curing.
Claim 300
Dependent Claim
70 words
The method according to claim 56 wherein the curing operation includes applying bleeder cloth and caul plates to the layed-up material in the mold, placing the mold with the layed-up material therein in a vacuum bag, evacuating the bag to compress the layers of layed-up material together, and subjecting the mold and the layed-up material within the vacuum bag so evacuated to selective heat treatment to perform the curing operation.
Claim 301
Independent Claim
24 words
The method of fabricating a composite spar of twin-beam construction for an aerodynamic blade comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the spar by:
Claim 302
Independent Claim
24 words
The method of fabricating a composite spar of twin-beam construction for an aerodynamic blade comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the spar by:
Claim 303
Independent Claim
23 words
The method of fabricating a composite torque-tube spar having a twin-beam spar construction comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the torque-tube by:
Claim 304
Independent Claim
23 words
The method of fabricating a composite torque-tube spar having a twin-beam spar construction comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the torque-tube by:
Claim 305
Dependent Claim
35 words
A twin-beam composite spar for an aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and having a tip, a root, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar assembly including:
Claim 306
Dependent Claim
35 words
A twin-beam composite spar for an aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and having a tip, a root, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar assembly including:
Claim 307
Dependent Claim
40 words
A twin-beam composite spar for a helicopter rotor blade and including a root, a tip, a chord, a span, an upper airfoil surface, a longitudinal axis, and having: A. a first spar assembly adjacent the upper airfoil surface and including:
Claim 308
Dependent Claim
40 words
A twin-beam composite spar for a helicopter rotor blade and including a root, a tip, a chord, a span, an upper airfoil surface, a longitudinal axis, and having: A. a first spar assembly adjacent the upper airfoil surface and including:
Claim 309
Dependent Claim
40 words
A composite, twin-spar, for a helicopter rotor blade including a root end, a tip end, a span, an upper surface, a lower surface, a longitudinal axis, and having: A. a first spar assembly adjacent defining the upper surface and including:
Claim 310
Dependent Claim
40 words
A composite, twin-spar, for a helicopter rotor blade including a root end, a tip end, a span, an upper surface, a lower surface, a longitudinal axis, and having: A. a first spar assembly adjacent defining the upper surface and including:
Claim 311
Independent Claim
26 words
The method of fabricating a composite, twin-beam spar with torque-tube covering for an aerodynamic blade and comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the spar by:
Claim 312
Independent Claim
26 words
The method of fabricating a composite, twin-beam spar with torque-tube covering for an aerodynamic blade and comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the spar by:
Claim 313
Independent Claim
22 words
The method of fabricating a composite, twin-beam spar for an aerodynamic blade comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the spar by:
Claim 314
Independent Claim
22 words
The method of fabricating a composite, twin-beam spar for an aerodynamic blade comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the spar by:
Claim 315
Independent Claim
24 words
The method of fabricating a composite spar of twin-beam construction for an aerodynamic blade comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the spar by:
Claim 316
Independent Claim
24 words
The method of fabricating a composite spar of twin-beam construction for an aerodynamic blade comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the spar by:
Claim 317
Dependent Claim
39 words
A twin-beam spar, composite aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar assembly including:
Claim 318
Dependent Claim
39 words
A twin-beam spar, composite aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar assembly including:
Claim 319
Dependent Claim
48 words
A twin-beam spar, composite helicopter rotor blade and including a root, a tip, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord, a span, an upper airfoil surface, a lower airfoil surface, a longitudinal axis, and having: A. a first spar assembly adjacent the upper airfoil surface and including:
Claim 320
Dependent Claim
48 words
A twin-beam spar, composite helicopter rotor blade and including a root, a tip, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord, a span, an upper airfoil surface, a lower airfoil surface, a longitudinal axis, and having: A. a first spar assembly adjacent the upper airfoil surface and including:
Claim 321
Dependent Claim
38 words
A composite, twin-spar helicopter rotor blade including a root end, a tip end, a span, an upper surface, a lower surface, a longitudinal axis, and having: A. a first spar assembly adjacent defining the upper surface and including:
Claim 322
Dependent Claim
38 words
A composite, twin-spar helicopter rotor blade including a root end, a tip end, a span, an upper surface, a lower surface, a longitudinal axis, and having: A. a first spar assembly adjacent defining the upper surface and including:
Claim 323
Independent Claim
26 words
The method of fabricating a composite aerodynamic blade having a twin-beam spar with torque-tube covering comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the spar blade by:
Claim 324
Independent Claim
26 words
The method of fabricating a composite aerodynamic blade having a twin-beam spar with torque-tube covering comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the spar blade by:
Claim 325
Independent Claim
22 words
The method of fabricating a composite aerodynamic blade having a twin-beam sPar comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the spar by:
Claim 326
Independent Claim
22 words
The method of fabricating a composite aerodynamic blade having a twin-beam sPar comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the spar by:
Claim 327
Independent Claim
24 words
The method of fabricating an aerodynamic blade with a composite spar of twin-beam construction comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the spar by:
Claim 328
Independent Claim
24 words
The method of fabricating an aerodynamic blade with a composite spar of twin-beam construction comprising: A. fabricating the first half of the spar by:
Claim 329
Dependent Claim
47 words
A twin-beam spar, composite aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and rotate with other blades to generate power and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar member including:
Claim 330
Dependent Claim
47 words
A twin-beam spar, composite aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and rotate with other blades to generate power and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar member including:
Claim 331
Dependent Claim
44 words
A blade according to claim 80 wherein said fiber composite members of said first and second spar members and said blade cover are each formed in layers, and wherein the layers of the cover are interleaved with the layers of the fiber composite members.
Claim 332
Dependent Claim
47 words
A twin-beam spar, composite aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and rotate with other blades to generate power and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar assembly including:
Claim 333
Dependent Claim
47 words
A twin-beam spar, composite aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and rotate with other blades to generate power and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar assembly including:
Claim 334
Dependent Claim
44 words
A blade according to claim 82 wherein said fiber composite members of said first and second spar assemblies and siad blade cover are each formed in layers, and wherein the layers of the cover are interleaved with the layers of the fiber composite members.
Claim 335
Dependent Claim
35 words
A twin-beam composite spar for an aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and having a tip, a root, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar assembly including:
Claim 336
Dependent Claim
35 words
A twin-beam composite spar for an aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and having a tip, a root, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar assembly including:
Claim 337
Dependent Claim
45 words
A blade according to claim 84 wherein said fiber composite members of said first and second spar assemblies and said torque tube are each formed in layers, and wherein the layers of the torque tube are interleaved with the layers of the fiber composite members.
Claim 338
Dependent Claim
39 words
A twin-beam spar, composite aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar assembLy including:
Claim 339
Dependent Claim
39 words
A twin-beam spar, composite aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar assembLy including:
Claim 340
Dependent Claim
43 words
A blade according to claim 86 wherein said fiber composite members of said first and second spar assemblies and said torque-tube are each formed in layers, and wherein the layers of the torque-tube are interleaved with the layers of the fiber composite members.
Claim 341
Independent Claim
139 words
The method of producing an aerodynamic blade comprising the steps of: A. fabricating a first half-blade extending in the span direction and shaped to define substantially a half-blade, B. fabricating a second half-blade extending in the span direction and shaped to cooperate with the first half-blade to form a full blade when joined thereto, C. reshaping the first and second half-blades so that when joined they will form a full blade of the desired shape, D. determining the mass distribution of the first and second half-blades, E. modifying the mass distribution of the first and second half-blades so as to produce a full blade of desired mass distribution when the first and second half-blades are joined, and F. joining the first and second half-blades so reshaped and so mass distribution modified to form a full blade of desired shape.
Claim 342
Independent Claim
139 words
The method of producing an aerodynamic blade comprising the steps of: A. fabricating a first half-blade extending in the span direction and shaped to define substantially a half-blade, B. fabricating a second half-blade extending in the span direction and shaped to cooperate with the first half-blade to form a full blade when joined thereto, C. reshaping the first and second half-blades so that when joined they will form a full blade of the desired shape, D. determining the mass distribution of the first and second half-blades, E. modifying the mass distribution of the first and second half-blades so as to produce a full blade of desired mass distribution when the first and second half-blades are joined, and F. joining the first and second half-blades so reshaped and so mass distribution modified to form a full blade of desired shape.
Claim 343
Dependent Claim
47 words
A twin-beam spar, composite aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and rotate with other blades to generate power and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar member including:
Claim 344
Dependent Claim
47 words
A twin-beam spar, composite aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and rotate with other blades to generate power and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar member including:
Claim 345
Dependent Claim
44 words
A blade according to claim 89 wherein said fiber composite members of said first and second spar members and said blade cover are each formed in layers, and wherein the layers of the cover are interleaved with the layers of the fiber composite members.
Claim 346
Dependent Claim
47 words
A twin-beam spar, composite aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and rotate with other blades to generate power and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar assembly including:
Claim 347
Dependent Claim
47 words
A twin-beam spar, composite aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and rotate with other blades to generate power and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar assembly including:
Claim 348
Dependent Claim
44 words
A blade according to claim 91 wherein said fiber composite members of said first and second spar assemblies and said blade cover are each formed in layers, and wherein the layers of the cover are interleaved with the layers of the fiber composite members.
Claim 349
Dependent Claim
35 words
A twin-beam composite spar for an aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and having a tip, a root, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar assembly including:
Claim 350
Dependent Claim
35 words
A twin-beam composite spar for an aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and having a tip, a root, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar assembly including:
Claim 351
Dependent Claim
43 words
A spar according to claim 93 wherein said fiber composite members of said first and second spar assemblies and said torque-tube are each formed in layers, and wherein the layers of the torque-tube are interleaved with the layers of the fiber composite members.
Claim 352
Dependent Claim
39 words
A twin-beam spar, composite aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar assembly including:
Claim 353
Dependent Claim
39 words
A twin-beam spar, composite aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar assembly including:
Claim 354
Dependent Claim
43 words
A blade according to claim 95 wherein said fiber comPosite members of said first and second spar assemblies and said torque-tube are each formed in layers, and wherein the layers of the torque-tube are interleaved with the layers of the fiber composite members.
Claim 355
Dependent Claim
46 words
A twin-beam spar, aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and rotate with other blades to generate power and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar member including:
Claim 356
Dependent Claim
46 words
A twin-beam spar, aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and rotate with other blades to generate power and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar member including:
Claim 357
Dependent Claim
27 words
A blade according to claim 97 wherein said members of said first and second members and said blade cover members are composite fibers, wire or sheet material.
Claim 358
Dependent Claim
40 words
A blade according to claim 98 wherein said members of said first and second spar members and said blade cover are each formed in layers, and wherein the layers of the cover are interleaved with the layers of the members.
Claim 359
Dependent Claim
46 words
A twin-beam spar, aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and rotate with other blades to generate power and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar assembly including:
Claim 360
Dependent Claim
46 words
A twin-beam spar, aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and rotate with other blades to generate power and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar assembly including:
Claim 361
Dependent Claim
28 words
A blade according to claim 100 wherein said members of said first and second spar assemblies and said blade cover members are composite fibers, wire or sheet material.
Claim 362
Dependent Claim
40 words
A blade according to claim 100 wherein said members of said first and second spar assemblies and said blade cover are each formed in layers, and wherein the layers of the cover are interleaved with the layers of the members.
Claim 363
Dependent Claim
34 words
A twin-beam spar for an aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and having a tip, a root, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar assembly including:
Claim 364
Dependent Claim
34 words
A twin-beam spar for an aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and having a tip, a root, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar assembly including:
Claim 365
Dependent Claim
27 words
A spar according to claim 103 wherein said members of said first and second spar assemblies and said torque-tube members are composite fibers, wire or sheet material.
Claim 366
Dependent Claim
39 words
A spar according to claim 103 wherein said members of said first and second spar assemblies and said torque-tube are each formed in layers, and wherein the layers of the torque-tube are interleaved with the layers of the members.
Claim 367
Dependent Claim
38 words
A twin-beam spar, aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar asembly including:
Claim 368
Dependent Claim
38 words
A twin-beam spar, aerodynamic blade adapted to be connected to a hub and having a tip, a root, a leading edge, a trailing edge, a chord and a longitudinal axis and including: A. a first spar asembly including:
Claim 369
Dependent Claim
26 words
A blade according to claim 106 wherein said members of said first and second members and said torque-tube members are composite fibers, wire or sheet material.
Claim 370
Dependent Claim
39 words
A blade according to claim 106 wherein said members of said first and second spar assembies and said torque-tube are each formed in layers, and wherein the layers of the torque-tube are interleaved with the layers of the members.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3028292A
Cited
US3097982A
Cited
FR1334446A
Cited
US3476484A
Cited
US3477796A
Cited
US3484174A
Cited
US3528753A
Cited
US3713753A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1976-12-31 | 1977-07-02 | 1978-01-01 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1980-12-31 | 1981-07-02 | 1982-01-01 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1984-12-31 | 1985-07-02 | 1986-01-01 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |