US3780945A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Fluid ionization
Assignee: VORTRAN CORP
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Filing: 1972-02-18
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Granted: 1973-12-25
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Expires: 1992-02-18
Abstract
Abstract Pressure waves and ionization are produced by an energizing cell that is preferably made from a dielectric material such as Teflon. The cells are disclosed in several different configurations that serve to increase the level of ionization. A mixture is highly ionized by energizing one or more of its components prior to the formation of the mixture. If all the components are not separately energized, the mixture as a whole is energized after its formation. Important applications of the invention are in a paint sprayer and in an internal combustion engine, where engine emissions are reduced and engine performance is improved.
Inventors
- 👤 N Hughes
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 23:35
CPC Classifications
F; F02; F02M; F02M27/00; B; B05; B05B; B05B17/00; B05B17/04; B05B17/06; B05B17/0692
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 7
Claim 1
Independent Claim
84 words
An energizing cell comprising: a body member made of a dielectric material, the body member having a passage through it; means responsive to fluid flow through the cell for forming a core stream of fluid passing through the passage; and means responsive to fluid flowing through the cell for forming a radially converging fluid ring around the core stream to establish a throat in the core stream where the core stream travels at sonic velocity and accelerates to supersonic velocity downstream of the throat.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
84 words
An energizing cell comprising: a body member made of a dielectric material, the body member having a passage through it; means responsive to fluid flow through the cell for forming a core stream of fluid passing through the passage; and means responsive to fluid flowing through the cell for forming a radially converging fluid ring around the core stream to establish a throat in the core stream where the core stream travels at sonic velocity and accelerates to supersonic velocity downstream of the throat.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
56 words
The cell of claim 1, in which the means for forming a core stream of fluid comprises a wall of the body member at one end of the passage, a large center hole formed in the wall, and a plurality of small peripheral holes formed in the wall in a circular arrangement around the large hole.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
33 words
The cell of claim 2, in which the means for forming a converging ring comprises an even plurality of intermediate holes formed in the portion of the body member that defines the passage.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
23 words
The cell of claim 3, in which the diameter of the large hole, the intermediate holes, and the small holes are multiply related.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
46 words
The cell of claim 3, in which the core stream forms shock waves after it leaves the passage and the large hole, the intermediate holes, and the small holes are all dimensioned so their characteristic wavelengths are multiply related to the wavelength of the shock waves.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
69 words
The cell of claim 5, in which the body member includes means for forming a resonant cavity around the portion of the body member that defines the passage, the resonant cavity being coupled to the passage by the large hole, the intermediate holes, and the small holes, the resonant cavity being completely enclosed except for an inlet located adjacent to and aligned with the large hole in the wall.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
No citation records indexed.
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1976-12-24 | 1977-06-25 | 1977-12-25 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1980-12-24 | 1981-06-25 | 1981-12-25 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1984-12-24 | 1985-06-25 | 1985-12-25 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |