← Back to Patent Explorer
US3772465A Expired / Lapsed US ⏱️ 0.0 years remaining

Image modification of motion pictures

Assignee: The Association of Motion Picture and Television Producers Inc
•
Filing: 1971-06-09
•
Granted: 1973-11-13
•
Expires: 1991-06-09
📄 Original PDF 🌐 Google Patents 🔄 Sync Now

Abstract

Abstract Individual image areas of a previously recorded motion picture scene can be modified electronically despite relative movement of such areas from frame to frame. Video values for each image element are stored in digital form in the memory of a general purpose computer in association with identifying addresses. A selected object area to be modified is then defined by a list of addresses of the image elements bounding the object. Such boundary addresses are derived partly manually or visually by reference to a CRT display of a selected frame, with assistance from the suitably programmed computer which automatically extends the boundary address list from frame to frame. The computer is then programmed to recover from memory the video values for image elements within the area defined by each boundary address list, to perform the desired modification of each value, and to return the modified values to memory. The modification of each value typically requires reference to other image elements in the same frame or to corresponding image elements of adjacent frames, with computation of functions such as averages of the video values for such elements. Useful types of modification include changes of definition, contrast, hue and brightness, elimination of unwanted objects, reduction of graininess and other random noise, and insertion of color. After completion of the desired modification, each frame or group of frames is again recorded photographically, magnetically or on any desired storage medium.

Inventors

  • 👤 P Vlahos
  • 👤 W Holm

Bibliographic Details

Application Number —
Jurisdiction US
Data Source google_patents
Last Synchronized 2026-10-23 14:58
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04N; H04N9/00; H04N9/64; H04N9/74; H04N9/75; G; G03; G03B; G03B31/00; G03B31/02; G03C; G03C5/00; G03C5/12; H04N5/00; H04N5/222; H04N5/262; H04N5/76; H04N5/84

Claims Analysis

Total Claims: 7
Claim 1
Independent Claim 173 words
The method of modifying a previously recorded motion picture scene, comprising in combination the steps of deriving from each frame of the recorded motion picture scene a video record of the same, deriving and storing in a computer a plurality of image element digital video values and associated image element addresses that represent the video record, displaying at least a portion of a selected frame, under control of the video values, selecting in the display a picture area bounded by a change of luminosity or hue and representing an object to be modified, storing in the computer a series of boundary addresses that enclose the addresses for the selected picture area, programming the computer to generate and store corresponding series of boundary addresses for respective successively adjacent frames of the scene, programming the computer to perform for each frame a designated modification of only those video values having addresses enclosed by the series of stored boundary addresses, and recording the so modified and any unmodified video values as a modified motion picture scene.
Claim 2
Independent Claim 173 words
The method of modifying a previously recorded motion picture scene, comprising in combination the steps of deriving from each frame of the recorded motion picture scene a video record of the same, deriving and storing in a computer a plurality of image element digital video values and associated image element addresses that represent the video record, displaying at least a portion of a selected frame, under control of the video values, selecting in the display a picture area bounded by a change of luminosity or hue and representing an object to be modified, storing in the computer a series of boundary addresses that enclose the addresses for the selected picture area, programming the computer to generate and store corresponding series of boundary addresses for respective successively adjacent frames of the scene, programming the computer to perform for each frame a designated modification of only those video values having addresses enclosed by the series of stored boundary addresses, and recording the so modified and any unmodified video values as a modified motion picture scene.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim 67 words
The method defined in claim 1, and in which said computer generation of boundary addresses includes comparing for each successive frame the stored video values for rows of addresses that extend transversely of the boundary at points corresponding to respective recorded boundary addresses of the previous frame, and selecting for each row the address that meets a predetermined relation derived from said change of luminosity or hue.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim 54 words
The method defined in claim 1, and in which said computer modification of the video record comprises computing a predetermined function of the video record values for a plurality of image element addresses adjacent each said enclosed address, and modifying the video record value at that enclosed address in accordance with such computed function.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim 57 words
The method defined in claim 1, and in which said computer modification of the video record comprises computing a predetermined function of the video record values at a group of image element addresses external of each series of stored boundary addresses, and modifying the video record values at said enclosed addresses in accordance with such computed function.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim 76 words
The method defined in claim 1, and in which said computer modification of the video record comprises designating for each frame to be modified a reference frame in which said object is positioned in non-overlapping relation to its position in the frame to be modified, and replacing the video record value at each said enclosed address in each frame to be modified by the video record value at the corresponding address in the designated reference frame.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim 76 words
The method defined in claim 1, and in which said computer modification of the video record comprises computing for each image element within an object a relative address representing the position of the image element relative to the series of boundary addresses for each frame, and replacing the video value at each relative address in each frame by a predetermined function of the video values at the same relative address in a series of adjacent frames.

References Cited (Backward Citations)

US3005042A Cited
US3558811A Cited
US3617626A Cited

USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

Annuity Stage Window Opens Payment Deadline Surcharge Period Until Estimated Fee Status
3.5 Years (Year 4) 1976-11-12 1977-05-14 1977-11-13 $2000.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8) 1980-11-12 1981-05-14 1981-11-13 $3760.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12) 1984-11-12 1985-05-14 1985-11-13 $7700.00 Window Closed / Lapsed

Assigned Categories & Tags

No categories assigned to this patent yet.

Assign Category Tag