Function generator and components thereof

Claim 2

A function geNerator comprising: first means to produce one train of pulses of a width T/2, also spaced T/2; second means connected from said first means to receive said pulse train and to convert it to another pulse train of the same period, T, but of a pulse width, (( T/2) - (Tr/2)) , where Tr is a constant, the time between the trailing edge of one pulse in the other train to the leading edge of the next succeeding pulse therein thereby being ((T/2) + (Tr/2)) ; and third means connected from said second means to receive said other pulse train and to produce an output signal directly proportional to the product, ((T/2) (Tr/2)) ((T/2) + (Tr/2)) .

Claim 3

A function generator comprising: first means to produce one train of pulses of a width T/2, also spaced T/2; second means connected from said first means to receive said pulse train and to convert it to another pulse train of the same period, T, but of a pulse width, ((T/2) - (Tr/2)) , where Tr is a constant, the time between the trailing edge of one pulse in the other train to the leading edge of the next succeeding pulse therein thereby being ((T/2) + (Tr/2)) ; a first integrator connected from said second means to receive said other pulse train and to integrate to a maximum amplitude directly proportional to ((T/2) - (Tr/2)) during each pulse of said other train, and a second integrator connected from both said second means and said first integrator to receive the outputs thereof and to integrate to a maximum amplitude directly proportional to the product, ((T/2) - (Tr/2)) ((T/2) + (Tr/2)) during each interval between each pair of immediately adjacent pulses in said other train, the output of said second integrator increasing linearly for each said interval, ((T/2) + (Tr/2)) , at a rate directly proportional to the output signal magnitude of said first integrator.

Claim 4

A function generator comprising: first means to produce one train of pulses of a width T/2, also spaced T/2; second means connected from said first means to receive said pulse train and to convert it to another pulse train of the same period, T, but of a pulse width, ((T/2) - (Tr/2)) , where Tr is a constant, the time between the trailing edge of one pulse in the other train to the leading edge of the next succeeding pulse therein thereby being ((T/2) + (Tr/2)) ; a first integrator connected from said second means to receive said other pulse train and to integrate to a maximum amplitude directly proportional to ((T/2) - (Tr/2)) during each pulse of said other train, and a second integrator connected from both said second means and said first integrator to receive the outputs thereof and to integrate to a maximum amplitude directly proportional to the product, ((T/2) - (Tr/2)) ((T/2) + (Tr/2)) during each interval between each pair of immediately adjacent pulses in said other train, the output of said second integrator increasing linearly for each said interval, ((T/2) + (Tr/2)) , at a rate directly proportional to the output signal magnitude of said first integrator.

Claim 5

The invention as defined in claim 2, wherein said first integrator includes first and second electrically operable switches, a differentiator, a multivibrator, an amplifier, a resistor and a capacitor, said first switch being connected from said second means to be closed thereby drawing each pulse output of said second means, means to supply a constant D.C. voltage to one side of said first switch, said resistor being connected from the other side of said first switch to one input of said amplifier, said differentiator being connected from said second means to the input of said multivibrator to supply an input pulse thereto approximately at the leading edge of each output pulse of said second means, said multivibrator producing an output pulse beginning approximately with the leading edge of each output pulse of said second means and lasting for a length of time less than the pulse width of the output pulses of said second means, said second switch being connected from the output of said multivibrator and being actuable to close during the output pulse thereof, said multivibrator being a monostable multi-vibrator, said capacitor being connected from the output to the input of said amplifier to which said resistor is connected, said second switch being connected in parallel with said capacitor, bias means connected to the other input of said amplifier to prevent the output thereof from falling below a D.C. voltage Ed, where Ed Str, and S is the constant rate of change of magnitude of the output signal of said amplifier, tr being the pulse width of the output pulse of said multivibrator, integration thereby being performed from the time t tr at an initial amplitude of Ed, said second integrator including third and fourth electrically operable switches, an invertEr connected from said second means to said third switch to close the same during the time between the pulses appearing at the output of said second means, said second integrator also having a resistor, a capacitor and an amplifier, said first integrator amplifier having its output connected to one side of said third switch, said second integrator resistor being connected between the other side of said third switch and one input of said second integrator amplifier, the other input of said second integrator amplifier being grounded, said second integrator amplifier to which said second integrator resistor is connected, said fourth switch being connected in parallel with said second integrator capacitor, a delay device connected between said multivibrator output and said fourth switch to close said fourth switch sometime after said second switch has closed, and to open said fourth switch before said third switch is closed, said fourth switch being closed a sufficient amount of time to discharge said second integrator capacitor for each cycle of the output of said second means.

Claim 6

Integration apparatus comprising: an integrator having a first input adapted to receive a pulse having a leading edge at t to, where t is the variable time, said integrator having a second input and an output; reset means connected to said integrator second input and actuable to change the magnitude of the signal appearing at said integrator output when it is different from Ed between t to and t t1, and operator means responsive to said pulse and connected to said reset means to actuate said reset means between t 32 to and t t1 in a manner to cause it to change said integrator output signal to be equal to Ed at t t1, where t1 is less than t2, and t t2 at the trailing edge of said pulse, said operator means deactuating said reset means during the entire period of t t1 to t t2, said integrator having a construction such that when said reset means is deactuated, the output signal of said integrator is directly proportional to the time integral of the magnitude of whatever signal is impressed upon said integrator first input, said integrator producing a signal at the output thereof which is Ed + Ed at t t2, where Ee S (t2 - t1), at least one of said means and said integrator having constructions such that Ed S (t1 - to), said one means determining the time interval (t1 -to), S being the rate of change of the magnitude of the output signal of said integrator with respect to time during the period t t1 to t t2.

Claim 7

Integration apparatus comprising: an integrator having a first input adapted to receive a pulse having a leading edge at t to, where t is the variable time, said integrator having a second input and an output; reset means connected to said integrator second input and actuable to change the magnitude of the signal appearing at said integrator output when it is different from Ed between t to and t t1, and operator means responsive to said pulse and connected to said reset means to actuate said reset means between t 32 to and t t1 in a manner to cause it to change said integrator output signal to be equal to Ed at t t1, where t1 is less than t2, and t t2 at the trailing edge of said pulse, said operator means deactuating said reset means during the entire period of t t1 to t t2, said integrator having a construction such that when said reset means is deactuated, the output signal of said integrator is directly proportional to the time integral of the magnitude of whatever signal is impressed upon said integrator first input, said integrator producing a signal at the output thereof which is Ed + Ed at t t2, where Ee S (t2 - t1), at least one of said means and said integrator having constructions such that Ed S (t1 - to), said one means determining the time interval (t1 -to), S being the rate of change of the magnitude of the output signal of said integrator with respect to time during the period t t1 to t t2.

Claim 8

A function generator comprising: a differential amplifier; a capacitor connected from the input to the output of said amplifier; a first electrically actuable switch connected in shunt across said capacitor; a second electrically actuable switch; a resistor connected fron one side of said second switch to one input of said amplifier; means to supply a D.C. source of potential to the other side of said second switch; source means to supply pulses to said second switch to close it over the duration of each pulse; a monostable multivibrator having an on time shorter than said pulses; a differentiator connected from said source means to said multivibrator to turn it on at the leading edge of each pulse, the output of said multivibrator being connected to said first switch to close it during said on time; and means to supply a source of potential to the other amplifier input such that the output thereof does not fall below Ed Str, where S is the integrating slope and tr is said on time, even though said capacitor is completely discharged at the end of each on time interval.

Claim 9

A function generator comprising: a differential amplifier; a capacitor connected from the input to the output of said amplifier; a first electrically actuable switch connected in shunt across said capacitor; a second electrically actuable switch; a resistor connected fron one side of said second switch to one input of said amplifier; means to supply a D.C. source of potential to the other side of said second switch; source means to supply pulses to said second switch to close it over the duration of each pulse; a monostable multivibrator having an on time shorter than said pulses; a differentiator connected from said source means to said multivibrator to turn it on at the leading edge of each pulse, the output of said multivibrator being connected to said first switch to close it during said on time; and means to supply a source of potential to the other amplifier input such that the output thereof does not fall below Ed Str, where S is the integrating slope and tr is said on time, even though said capacitor is completely discharged at the end of each on time interval.

Claim 10

The invention as defined in claim 5, wherein said D.C. source of potential is constant.

Claim 11

A function generator comprising: first means to produce one train of pulses of a width T/2, also spaced T/2; and second means connected from said first means to receive said pulse train and to convert it to another pulse train of the same period, T, but of a pulse width, ((T/2) - (Tr/2)) , where Tr is a constant, the time between the trailing edge of one pulse in the other train to the leading edge of the next succeeding pulse therein thereby being ((T/2) + (Tr/2)) , said second means including an AND gate having one input connected from said first means to receive said one pulse train, a burst oscillator for supplying pulses at a constant rate greater than the pulse repetition frequency of said one train of pulses, the output of said oscillator being connected to another input of said AND gate, a predetermined counter connected from the output of said AND gate to receive the output pulses thereof, a flip-flop having a set input connected from said counter, an inverter connected from said first means to the reset inputs of said counter and said flip-flop, the 0 output of said flip-flop being connected to a third input to said AND gate, the 1 output of said flip-flop providing said pulses of width, ((T/2) - (Tr/2) ).

Claim 12

A function generator comprising: first means to produce one train of pulses of a width T/2, also spaced T/2; and second means connected from said first means to receive said pulse train and to convert it to another pulse train of the same period, T, but of a pulse width, ((T/2) - (Tr/2)) , where Tr is a constant, the time between the trailing edge of one pulse in the other train to the leading edge of the next succeeding pulse therein thereby being ((T/2) + (Tr/2)) , said second means including an AND gate having one input connected from said first means to receive said one pulse train, a burst oscillator for supplying pulses at a constant rate greater than the pulse repetition frequency of said one train of pulses, the output of said oscillator being connected to another input of said AND gate, a predetermined counter connected from the output of said AND gate to receive the output pulses thereof, a flip-flop having a set input connected from said counter, an inverter connected from said first means to the reset inputs of said counter and said flip-flop, the 0 output of said flip-flop being connected to a third input to said AND gate, the 1 output of said flip-flop providing said pulses of width, ((T/2) - (Tr/2) ).

Claim 13

A function generator comprising: a differential amplifier; a capacitor connected from one input of said amplifier to the output thereof; an electrically actuable switch connected in shunt across said capacitor; first means including at least first and second leads for supplying input pulses on both of said leads having coincident leading and trailing edges, said first lead being connected to said one amplifier input; second means connected from said second lead to said switch to impress pulses thereon having widths less than those of said input pulses, the leading edges of said second means pulses coinciding with those of said input pulses, said switch being normally open in the absence of said second means pulses; and third means to supply a potential to the other input of said amplifier such that the output thereof does not fall below Ed, where Ed Str, and where S is the integrating slope and tr is the pulse width of said second means pulses, even though said capacitor is completely discharged each time the trailing edge of one said second means pulses occurs.

Claim 14

A function generator comprising: a differential amplifier; a capacitor connected from one input of said amplifier to the output thereof; an electrically actuable switch connected in shunt across said capacitor; first means including at least first and second leads for supplying input pulses on both of said leads having coincident leading and trailing edges, said first lead being connected to said one amplifier input; second means connected from said second lead to said switch to impress pulses thereon having widths less than those of said input pulses, the leading edges of said second means pulses coinciding with those of said input pulses, said switch being normally open in the absence of said second means pulses; and third means to supply a potential to the other input of said amplifier such that the output thereof does not fall below Ed, where Ed Str, and where S is the integrating slope and tr is the pulse width of said second means pulses, even though said capacitor is completely discharged each time the trailing edge of one said second means pulses occurs.