US3762211A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Method and apparatus for continuously measuring the porosity of a moving wet porous continuous sheet
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1972-01-28
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Granted: 1973-10-02
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Expires: 1992-01-28
Abstract
Abstract Method and apparatus for continuously measuring the porosity of a moving wet porous continuous sheet by removing water from the sheet by a first uniform application of a pressure differential across the sheet through a suction slice having a uniform opening extending in a direction generally perpendicular to the direction of sheet movement. Subsequently, the moving sheet is subjected to a second uniform application of a pressure differential across the sheet in a direction generally perpendicular to the direction of the sheet movement. The flow of water and air created by the second pressure differential is passed into a measuring box through a measuring slice having a uniform opening extending across the sheet in a direction generally perpendicular to the direction of movement of the sheet. The air is expanded as it passes through a measuring slice and the velocity of the air and water is lowered and the air is separated from the water droplets. Changes in the flow of the air passed through the measuring slice is measured.
Inventors
- 👤 O Poulsen
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 18:14
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N15/00; G01N15/08; G01N15/082; G01N15/0826
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 25
Claim 1
Independent Claim
166 words
A method for continuously measuring the porosity of a moving wet porous continuous sheet including removing water from the sheet by a first uniform application of a pressure differential across the sheet through a suction slice having a uniform opening extending in a direction generally perpendicular to the direction of sheet movement, subsequently subjecting the moving sheet to a second uniform application of a pressure differential across the sheet in a direction generally perpendicular to the direction of the sheet movement and passing the flow of water and air created by the second pressure differential into a measuring box through a measuring slice having a uniform opening extending across the sheet in a direction generally perpendicular to the direction of movement of the sheet, expanding the air after it passes through the measuring slice as by lowering the velocity of air and water and separating the air from water droplets, and sensor means measuring the changes in flow of the air passed through the measuring slice.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
166 words
A method for continuously measuring the porosity of a moving wet porous continuous sheet including removing water from the sheet by a first uniform application of a pressure differential across the sheet through a suction slice having a uniform opening extending in a direction generally perpendicular to the direction of sheet movement, subsequently subjecting the moving sheet to a second uniform application of a pressure differential across the sheet in a direction generally perpendicular to the direction of the sheet movement and passing the flow of water and air created by the second pressure differential into a measuring box through a measuring slice having a uniform opening extending across the sheet in a direction generally perpendicular to the direction of movement of the sheet, expanding the air after it passes through the measuring slice as by lowering the velocity of air and water and separating the air from water droplets, and sensor means measuring the changes in flow of the air passed through the measuring slice.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
89 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the flow of air and water created by the second pressure differential passes through a diverging measuring slice, and wherein the air is expanded to lower the velocity of the air and water to below 1,500 feet per minute, and wherein the flow of air is passed through an orifice in the side of the measuring box at a velocity below 15,000 feet per minute, and wherein the changes in the flow of air through the orifice are measured by said sensor means.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
46 words
The method of claim 2 wherein the velocity of the flow of air and water passed through the measuring slide into the measuring box is first directed downwardly and then reversed to a generally upward direction before the air passes out through the orifice for measurement.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
59 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said second pressure differential applied is below two inches of mercury and wherein the flow of the air and water passes through a diverging measuring slice and wherein measurement of the changes in the flow of air through the slice occurs at a point on the upstream side of the diverging measuring slice.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
49 words
The method of claim 4 wherein the first uniform application of a pressure differential to remove water unifOrmly from the sheet is applied by moving the sheet over a suction box having a diverging slice with a uniform opening extending generally perpendicular to the direction of the sheet movement.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
202 words
A method for continuously measuring the porosity of a moving wet porous continuous uncompacted fiber sheet being formed on the forming section of a paper making machine including removing water from the uncompacted sheet by a first uniform application of a uniform pressure differential across the sheet in a direction perpendicular to the direction of sheet movement by passing the sheet over a suction box having a diverging suction slice with a uniform opening extending across the sheet, creating a dry line on the sheet at the suction slice, and subjecting the moving sheet to a second uniform pressure differential across the sheet in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the sheet movement, and passing the flow of water and air created by the second pressure differential into a measuring box through a diverging measuring slice, expanding the air as after it passes through the diverging measuring slice as by lowering the velocity of the water and air below 1,500 feet per minute, and separating the air from water droplets, and measuring the changes in flow of the air passed through the diverging measuring slice after separation of water droplets from the air as it passes out of the measuring box.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
202 words
A method for continuously measuring the porosity of a moving wet porous continuous uncompacted fiber sheet being formed on the forming section of a paper making machine including removing water from the uncompacted sheet by a first uniform application of a uniform pressure differential across the sheet in a direction perpendicular to the direction of sheet movement by passing the sheet over a suction box having a diverging suction slice with a uniform opening extending across the sheet, creating a dry line on the sheet at the suction slice, and subjecting the moving sheet to a second uniform pressure differential across the sheet in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the sheet movement, and passing the flow of water and air created by the second pressure differential into a measuring box through a diverging measuring slice, expanding the air as after it passes through the diverging measuring slice as by lowering the velocity of the water and air below 1,500 feet per minute, and separating the air from water droplets, and measuring the changes in flow of the air passed through the diverging measuring slice after separation of water droplets from the air as it passes out of the measuring box.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
51 words
The method of claim 6 wherein the flow of air after water droplet separation is passed through an orifice in a side of the measuring box at a velocity below 15,000 feet per minute, and wherein changes in the flow of air are measured when the air flows through the orifice.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method of claim 7 wherein the direction of flow of the air in the measuring box is first downwardly and then reversed to a generally upward direction before the air passes out through the orifice for measurement.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
51 words
The method of claim 8 wherein the first uniform application of a pressure differential to remove water from the sheet is applied by moving the sheet over a plurality of suction boxes each having a diverging slice with a uniform opening extending generally perpendicular to the direction of the sheet movement.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 6 wherein measurement of the changes in flow of the air passed through the diverging measuring slice occurs at a point on the upstream side of the outlet of the measuring slice.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
164 words
Apparatus for continually measuring the porosity of a moving wet porous continuous sheet including at least one suction box having a diverging vacuum slice with a uniform opening extending across the sheet generally perpendicular to the direction of sheet movement for water removal from the sheet, means for forming a uniform pressure differential across the vacuum slice, a measuring box disposed on the downstream side of the suction box, said measuring box having a measuring slice with a uniform opening extending generally perpendicular to the direction of sheet movement, said measuring slice having a diverging opening to allow the flow of air passing therethrough to rapidly expand in the measuring box for separation of water droplets from the air, means for forming a uniform pressure differential across said measuring slice, and measuring means provided near the air flow outlet in said measuring box for measuring changes in the flow of air passed through the measuring slice after separtion of water droplets from the air.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
164 words
Apparatus for continually measuring the porosity of a moving wet porous continuous sheet including at least one suction box having a diverging vacuum slice with a uniform opening extending across the sheet generally perpendicular to the direction of sheet movement for water removal from the sheet, means for forming a uniform pressure differential across the vacuum slice, a measuring box disposed on the downstream side of the suction box, said measuring box having a measuring slice with a uniform opening extending generally perpendicular to the direction of sheet movement, said measuring slice having a diverging opening to allow the flow of air passing therethrough to rapidly expand in the measuring box for separation of water droplets from the air, means for forming a uniform pressure differential across said measuring slice, and measuring means provided near the air flow outlet in said measuring box for measuring changes in the flow of air passed through the measuring slice after separtion of water droplets from the air.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
15 words
The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said measuring means is a compensated hot wire anemometer.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
47 words
The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said measuring box is divided into a plurality of separate compartments each having an orifice for the passage of the air from each compartment, and wherein said measuring means is movable for positioning adjacent the desired orifice for air flow measurement.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
192 words
Apparatus for continually measuring the porosity of a moving wet porous continuous sheet including a suction box having a diverging vacuum slice witH a uniform opening extending across the sheet generally perpendicular to the direction of sheet movement for water removal from the sheet, means for forming a uniform pressure differential across the vacuum slice, a measuring box disposed on the downstream side of the suction box, said measuring box having a measuring slice with a uniform opening extending generally perpendicular to the direction of sheet movement, said measuring slice having a diverging opening to allow the flow of air passing therethrough to rapidly expand for separation of water droplets from the air, means for forming a uniform pressure differential across said measuring slice, and measuring means provided in said measuring box for measuring changes in the flow of air passed through the measuring slice after separation of water droplets from the air, and wherein an orifice is provided in a wall of the measuring box for the air to flow therethrough after separation from the water droplets, and wherein said measuring means is provided on the outlet side of said orifice.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
192 words
Apparatus for continually measuring the porosity of a moving wet porous continuous sheet including a suction box having a diverging vacuum slice witH a uniform opening extending across the sheet generally perpendicular to the direction of sheet movement for water removal from the sheet, means for forming a uniform pressure differential across the vacuum slice, a measuring box disposed on the downstream side of the suction box, said measuring box having a measuring slice with a uniform opening extending generally perpendicular to the direction of sheet movement, said measuring slice having a diverging opening to allow the flow of air passing therethrough to rapidly expand for separation of water droplets from the air, means for forming a uniform pressure differential across said measuring slice, and measuring means provided in said measuring box for measuring changes in the flow of air passed through the measuring slice after separation of water droplets from the air, and wherein an orifice is provided in a wall of the measuring box for the air to flow therethrough after separation from the water droplets, and wherein said measuring means is provided on the outlet side of said orifice.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
64 words
The apparatus of claim 14 wherein a baffle is disposed in said measuring box between said measuring slice and said orifice, said baffle being mounted on one end of the top of said measuring box, said baffle having its free end extending into said measuring box whereby the flow of air must change its direction and flow around said baffle to reach said orifice.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
203 words
Apparatus for continuously measuring the porosity of a moving wet porous continuous paper sheet being formed on the forming section of a paper making machine including a suction box having a vacuum slice with a uniform opening extending generally perpendicular to the direction of the sheet movement, means for forming a uniform pressure differential across the vacuum slice for water removal across the sheet, said vacuum slice having a diverging opening for expansion of the flow of air as it passes through the orifice, a measuring box provided in the downstream side of the suction box, said measuring box having a measuring slice with a uniform opening extending generally perpendicularly to the direction of the sheet movement, said measuring slice having a diverging opening to allow the air passing therethrough to expand, means for forming a uniform pressure differential across said measuring slice, said measuring box having an orifice provided in a wall for the measuring box for the air to flow therethrough, measuring means on the outlet side of said orifice for measuring the flow of air passed through the measuring slice, and baffle means between said measuring slice and said orifice to aid in changing the direction of the air flow.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
203 words
Apparatus for continuously measuring the porosity of a moving wet porous continuous paper sheet being formed on the forming section of a paper making machine including a suction box having a vacuum slice with a uniform opening extending generally perpendicular to the direction of the sheet movement, means for forming a uniform pressure differential across the vacuum slice for water removal across the sheet, said vacuum slice having a diverging opening for expansion of the flow of air as it passes through the orifice, a measuring box provided in the downstream side of the suction box, said measuring box having a measuring slice with a uniform opening extending generally perpendicularly to the direction of the sheet movement, said measuring slice having a diverging opening to allow the air passing therethrough to expand, means for forming a uniform pressure differential across said measuring slice, said measuring box having an orifice provided in a wall for the measuring box for the air to flow therethrough, measuring means on the outlet side of said orifice for measuring the flow of air passed through the measuring slice, and baffle means between said measuring slice and said orifice to aid in changing the direction of the air flow.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
193 words
A method for continuously measuring the porosity of a moving wet porous continuous uncompacted fiber sheet including removing water from the uncompacted sheet by a first uniform application of a pressure differential across the sheet through a diverging suction slice having a uniform opening extending in a direction generally perpendicular to the direction of sheet movement by passing the sheet over a suction box having said diverging suction slice with a uniform opening extending across the sheet, subsequently subjecting the moving sheet to a second uniform application of a pressure differential across the sheet in a direction generally perpendicular to the direction of the sheet movement and passing the flow of water and air created by the second pressure differential into a measuring box through a measuring slice having a uniform opening extending across the sheet in a direction generally perpendicular to the direction of movement of the sheet, expanding the after as it passes through the measuring slice to lower the velocity of air and water below 1,500 feet per minute and separating the air from water droplets, and measuring the changes in flow of the air passed through the measuring slice.
Claim 23
Independent Claim
193 words
A method for continuously measuring the porosity of a moving wet porous continuous uncompacted fiber sheet including removing water from the uncompacted sheet by a first uniform application of a pressure differential across the sheet through a diverging suction slice having a uniform opening extending in a direction generally perpendicular to the direction of sheet movement by passing the sheet over a suction box having said diverging suction slice with a uniform opening extending across the sheet, subsequently subjecting the moving sheet to a second uniform application of a pressure differential across the sheet in a direction generally perpendicular to the direction of the sheet movement and passing the flow of water and air created by the second pressure differential into a measuring box through a measuring slice having a uniform opening extending across the sheet in a direction generally perpendicular to the direction of movement of the sheet, expanding the after as it passes through the measuring slice to lower the velocity of air and water below 1,500 feet per minute and separating the air from water droplets, and measuring the changes in flow of the air passed through the measuring slice.
Claim 24
Independent Claim
147 words
A method for continuously measuring the porosity of a moving wet porous continuous uncompacted fiber sheet being formed on the forming seCtion of a paper making machine including removing water from the uncompacted sheet by a first uniform application of a uniform pressure differential across the sheet in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the sheet movement, and passing the flow of water and air created by a second pressure differential into a measuring box through a diverging measuring slice, expanding the air after it passes through the diverging measuring slice to lower the velocity of the water and air below 1,500 feet per minute, and separating the air from water droplets, reversing the flow of air and passing it through a measuring orifice at a velocity below 1,500 feet per minute, and measuring the changes in flow of the air passed through the measuring orifice.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
147 words
A method for continuously measuring the porosity of a moving wet porous continuous uncompacted fiber sheet being formed on the forming seCtion of a paper making machine including removing water from the uncompacted sheet by a first uniform application of a uniform pressure differential across the sheet in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the sheet movement, and passing the flow of water and air created by a second pressure differential into a measuring box through a diverging measuring slice, expanding the air after it passes through the diverging measuring slice to lower the velocity of the water and air below 1,500 feet per minute, and separating the air from water droplets, reversing the flow of air and passing it through a measuring orifice at a velocity below 1,500 feet per minute, and measuring the changes in flow of the air passed through the measuring orifice.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1976-10-01 | 1977-04-02 | 1977-10-02 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1980-10-01 | 1981-04-02 | 1981-10-02 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1984-10-01 | 1985-04-02 | 1985-10-02 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |