Four port networks synthesized from interconnection of coupled and uncoupled sections of line lengths

Claim 2

A distributive parameter device including in combination: first and second lines electromagnetically coupled to each other; said first line providing first and second terminals at opposite ends thereof; said second line providing third and fourth terminals at opposite ends thereof; the electrical length of said first and second lines being equal; said first and second lines exhibiting an even mode impedance of Ze when said first, second, third and fourth terminals are terminated in an impedance of Zt; said first and second lines exhibiting an odd mode impedance of Zo when said first, second, third and fourth terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt where: Z t square root ZeZo said first and second coupled lines exhibiting equal phase velocity in said even and odd modes of excitation; third and fourth lines electromagnetically coupled to each other; said third line providing fifth and sixth terminals at opposite ends thereof; said fourth line providing seventh and eighth terminals at opposite ends thereof; the electrical length of said third and fourth lines being equal; said third and fourth lines exhibiting said even mode impedance of Ze when said fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt; said third and fourth lines exhibiting said odd mode impedance of Zo when said fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt; said third and fourth coupled lines exhibiting equal phase velocity in said even and odd modes of excitation; a fifth line for connecting said second terminal to said fifth terminal; and a sixth line for connecting said fourTh terminal to said seventh terminal (.) : said fith and sixth lines being uncoupled lines.

Claim 3

The combination as defined in claim 1 where the electrical length from said first terminal to said sixth terminal is equal to the electrical length from said third terminal to said eighth terminal when said first, third, sixth an eighth terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt.

Claim 4

The combination as defined in claim 1 in which said fifth and sixth lines exhibit a characteristic impedance of Zt.

Claim 5

The combination as defined in claim 3 where the electrical length from said first terminal to said sixth terminal is equal to the electrical length from said third terminal to said eighth terminal when said first, third, sixth and eighth terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt.

Claim 6

The combination as defined in claim 4 in which said first and third terminals, said second and fourth terminals, said fifth and seventh terminals, and said sixth and eighth terminals respectively are physically adjacent to each other.

Claim 7

The combination as defined in claim 1 also including: a seventh line having a first and second end thereof; said first end of said seventh line being connected to said first terminal and said second end of said seventh line serving as a first port; and an eight line having a first and second end thereof; said first end of said eighth line being connected to said third terminal and said second end of said eighth line serving as a second port: said seventh and eighth lines being uncoupled lines.

Claim 8

The combination as defined in claim 6 in which the electrical length from said first port to said sixth terminal is equal to the electrical length from said second port to said eighth terminal.

Claim 9

The combination as defined in claim 7 in which said fifth and sixth lines exhibit a characteristic impedance of Zt.

Claim 10

The combination as defined in claim 8 in which said seventh and eighth lines exhibit a characteristic impedance of Zt.

Claim 11

The combination as defined in claim 9 also including: means for shorting said first port to said second port.

Claim 12

The combination as defined in claim 10 in which said combination has a center operating frequency and said shorting means is a quarter wave length long at said center operating frequency.

Claim 13

The combination as defined in claim 11 in which said combination has a center operating frequency and said shorting means is connected to said first and second ports by a structure which is a quarter wave length long at said center operating frequency.

Claim 14

The combination as defined in claim 11 in which said combination has a center operating frequency and said shorting means is connected to said first and second ports by a structure which is greater than a quarter wave length long at said center operating frequency.

Claim 15

The combination as defined in claim 13 in which said combination has a center operating frequency and said means for connecting is a structure which is more than a half wave length long at said center operating frequency.

Claim 16

The combination as defined in claim 6 also including: a ninth line having a first and second end thereof; said first end of said ninth line being connected to said sixth terminal and said second end of said ninth line serving as a third port; and a 10th line having a first and second end thereof; said first end of said tenth line being connected to said eighth terminal and said second end of said tenth line serving as a fourth port: said ninth and 10th lines being uncoupled lines.

Claim 17

The combination as defined in claim 15 in which the electrical length from said first port to said third port is equal to the electrical length from said second port to said fourth port.

Claim 18

The combination as defined in claim 15 in which said combination has a center operating frequency and said electrical length is equal to a quarter-wave length as said cEnter operating frequency.

Claim 19

The combination as defined in claim 17 in which said fifth and sixth lines exhibit a characteristic impedance of Zt.

Claim 20

The combination as defined in claim 18 in which said seventh, eighth, ninth and 10th lines exhibit a characteristic impedance of Zt.

Claim 21

The combination as defined in claim 18 in which said seventh and 10th lines exhibit a characteristic impedance of Ze and said eighth and ninth lines exhibit a characteristic impeance of Zo.

Claim 22

The combination as defined in claim 19 also including: means for shorting said first port to said second port.

Claim 23

The combination as defined in claim 21 in which said combination has a center operating frequency and said shorting means is a quarter wave length long at said center operating frequency.

Claim 24

A distributive parameter device including in combination: first and second lines electromagnetically coupled to each other; said first line providing first and second terminals at opposite ends thereof; said second line providing third and fourth terminals at opposite ends thereof; the electrical length of said first and second lines being equal; said first and second lines exhibiting an even mode impedance of Ze when said first, second, third and fourth terminals are terminated in an impedance of Zt; said first and second lines exhibiting an odd mode impedance of Zo when said first, second, third and fourth terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt, where: Zt Square Root ZeZo said first and second coupled lines exhibiting equal phase velocity in said even and odd modes of excitation; third and fourth lines electromagnetically coupled to each other; said third line providing fifth and sixth terminals at opposite ends thereof; said fourth line providing seventh and eighth terminals at opposite ends thereof; said electrical length of the third and fourth lines being equal; said third and fourth lines exhibiting said even mode impedance of Ze when said fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt; said third and fourth lines exhibiting said odd mode impedance of Zo when said fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt; said third and fourth coupled lines exhibiting equal phase velocity in said even and odd modes of excitation; a fifth line for connecting said second terminal to said fifth terminal; and a sixth line for connecting said fourth terminal to said seventh terminal: said fifth and sixth lines being uncoupled lines a seventh line having a first and second end thereof; said first end of said seventh lines being connected to said first terminal and said second end of said seventh line serving as a first port; and an eighth line having a first and second end thereof; said first end of said eighth line being connected to said third terminal and said second end of said eighth line serving as a second port: said seventh and eighth lines being uncoupled lines ninth and 10th lines electromagnetically coupled to each other; said ninth line providing ninth and 10th terminals at opposite ends thereof; said 10th line providing 11th and 12th terminals at opposite ends thereof; the electrical length of said ninth and 10th lines being equal; said ninth and 10th lines exhibiting said even mode impedance of Ze when said ninth, 10th, 11th and 12th terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt; said ninth and 10th lines exhibiting an odd mode impedance of Zo when said ninth, 10th, 11th and 12th terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt, said ninth and tenth coupled lines exhibiting equal phase velocity in said even and odd modes of excitatIon; 11th and 12th lines electromagnetically coupled to each other; said eleventh line providing thirteenth and fourteenth terminals at opposite ends thereof; said twelfth lines being equal; said 11th and 12th lines exhibiting said even mode impedance of Ze when said 13th, 14th, 15th and 16 th terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt; said 11th and 12th lines exhibiting said odd mode impedance of Zo when said 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt, said 11th and 12th coupled lines exhibiting equal phase velocity in said even and odd modes of excitation; a 13th line for connecting said 12th terminal to said 13th terminal; a 14th line for connecting said 12th terminal to said 15th terminal; and means for connecting said first and second ports to said ninth and 11th terminals respectively: said 13th and 14th lines being uncoupled lines.

Claim 25

A distributive parameter device including in combination: first and second lines electromagnetically coupled to each other; said first line providing first and second terminals at opposite ends thereof; said second line providing third and fourth terminals at opposite ends thereof; the electrical length of said first and second lines being equal; said first and second lines exhibiting an even mode impedance of Ze when said first, second, third and fourth terminals are terminated in an impedance of Zt; said first and second lines exhibiting an odd mode impedance of Zo when said first, second, third and fourth terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt, where: Zt Square Root ZeZo said first and second coupled lines exhibiting equal phase velocity in said even and odd modes of excitation; third and fourth lines electromagnetically coupled to each other; said third line providing fifth and sixth terminals at opposite ends thereof; said fourth line providing seventh and eighth terminals at opposite ends thereof; said electrical length of the third and fourth lines being equal; said third and fourth lines exhibiting said even mode impedance of Ze when said fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt; said third and fourth lines exhibiting said odd mode impedance of Zo when said fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt; said third and fourth coupled lines exhibiting equal phase velocity in said even and odd modes of excitation; a fifth line for connecting said second terminal to said fifth terminal; and a sixth line for connecting said fourth terminal to said seventh terminal: said fifth and sixth lines being uncoupled lines a seventh line having a first and second end thereof; said first end of said seventh lines being connected to said first terminal and said second end of said seventh line serving as a first port; and an eighth line having a first and second end thereof; said first end of said eighth line being connected to said third terminal and said second end of said eighth line serving as a second port: said seventh and eighth lines being uncoupled lines ninth and 10th lines electromagnetically coupled to each other; said ninth line providing ninth and 10th terminals at opposite ends thereof; said 10th line providing 11th and 12th terminals at opposite ends thereof; the electrical length of said ninth and 10th lines being equal; said ninth and 10th lines exhibiting said even mode impedance of Ze when said ninth, 10th, 11th and 12th terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt; said ninth and 10th lines exhibiting an odd mode impedance of Zo when said ninth, 10th, 11th and 12th terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt, said ninth and tenth coupled lines exhibiting equal phase velocity in said even and odd modes of excitatIon; 11th and 12th lines electromagnetically coupled to each other; said eleventh line providing thirteenth and fourteenth terminals at opposite ends thereof; said twelfth lines being equal; said 11th and 12th lines exhibiting said even mode impedance of Ze when said 13th, 14th, 15th and 16 th terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt; said 11th and 12th lines exhibiting said odd mode impedance of Zo when said 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt, said 11th and 12th coupled lines exhibiting equal phase velocity in said even and odd modes of excitation; a 13th line for connecting said 12th terminal to said 13th terminal; a 14th line for connecting said 12th terminal to said 15th terminal; and means for connecting said first and second ports to said ninth and 11th terminals respectively: said 13th and 14th lines being uncoupled lines.

Claim 26

The combination as defined in claim 23 in which said first and third lines are of equal electrical length, said ninth and eleventh lines are of equal electrical length, and said first and ninth lines are of unequal electrical length.

Claim 27

The combination as defined in claim 24 in which said fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, 13th and 14th lines each exhibit a characteristic impedance of Zt.

Claim 28

The combination as defined in claim 25 in which the electrical length from said sixth terminal to said fourteenth terminal is equal to the electrical length from said eighth terminal to said 16th terminal.

Claim 29

The combination as defined as defined in claim 26 in which said electrical length from said sixth terminal to said 14th terminal is greater than a quarter and less than a half wave length at the center operating frequency thereof.

Claim 30

The combination as defined in claim 27 also including four additional lines each having a first and second end thereof, each of said first ends thereof being connected to one of said sixth, eighth, 14th and 16th terminals respectively, the electrical length from said second end of said first additional line to said second end of said third additional line and the electrical length from said second end of said second additional line to said second end of said fourth additional line being one-half wave length at said center operating frequency: said four additional lines being uncoupled lines.

Claim 31

The combination as defined in claim 24 also including: 15th and 16th lines electromagnetically coupled to each other; said 15th line providing 17th and 18th terminals at opposite ends thereof; said 16th line providing nineteenth and 20th terminals at opposite ends thereof; the electrical length of said 15th and 16th lines being equal to each other and to said first line; said 15th and 16th lines exhibiting said even mode impedance of Ze when said 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt; said 15th and 16th lines exhibiting an odd mode impedance of Zo when said 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt, said 15th and 16th coupled lines exhibiting equal phase velocity in said even and odd modes of excitation; 17th and 18th lines electromagnetically coupled to each other; said 17th line providing 21 and 22 terminals at opposite ends thereof; said 18th line providing 23 and 24 terminals at opposite ends thereof; the electrical length of said 17th and 18th lines being equal to each other and to said 15th line; said 17th and 18th lines exhibiting said even Mode impedance of Ze when said 21st, 22nd, 23rd and 24th terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt; said 17th and 18th lines exhibiting said odd mode impedance of Zo when said 21st, 22nd, 23rd and 24th terminals are terminated in said impeance of Zt, said 17th and 18th coupled lines exhibiting equal phase velocity in said even and odd modes of excitation; a 19th line for connecting said 18th terminal to said 21st termina; a 20th line for connecting said 20th terminal to said 23rd terminal; means for connecting said 17th terminal to said 14th terminal; and means for connecting said nineteenth terminal to said 16th terminal: said 19th and 20th lines being uncoupled lines.

Claim 32

The combination as defined in claim 29 in which said fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, 13th, 14th, 19th and 20th lines each exhibit a characteristic impedance of Zt.

Claim 33

The combination as < or = in claim 30 e8c which the electrical length from said sixth terminal to said 22cc nd terminal is equal to the electrical length from said eighth terminal to said 24th terminal. e

Claim 34

The combination as defined in claim 31 in which the electrical length from said sixth to said 22nd terminal is less than three-quarter wave length and greater than one-half wave length at the center operating frequency thereof.

Claim 35

A distributive parameter device including in combination: first and second lines electromagnetically coupled to each other; said first line providing first and second terminals at opposite ends thereof; said second line providing third and fourth terminals at opposite ends thereof; the electrical length of said first and second lines being equal; said first and second lines exhibiting an even mode impedance of Ze when said first, second, third and fourth terminals are terminated in an impedance of Zt; said first and second lines exhibiting an odd mode impedance of Zo when said first, second, third and fourth terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt, where: Zt 32 Square Root Ze Zo said first and second coupled lines exhibiting equal phase velocity in said even and odd modes of excitation; third and fourth lines electromagnetically coupled to each other; said third line providing fifth and sixth terminals at opposite ends thereof; said fourth line providing seventh and eighth terminals at opposite ends thereof; said electrical length of the third and fourth lines being equal; said third and fourth lines exhibiting said even mode impedance of Ze when said fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt; said third and fourth lines exhibiting said odd mode impedance of Zo when said fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt; said third and fourth coupled lines exhibiting equal phase velocity in said even and odd modes of excitation; a fifth line for connecting said second terminal to said fifth terminal; and a sixth line for connecting said fourth terminal to said seventh terminal: said fifth and sixth lines being uncoupled lines seventh and eighth lines electromagnetically coupled to each other; said seventh line providing ninth and tenth terminals at opposite ends thereof; said eighth line providing eleventh and twelfth terminals at opposite ends thereof; the electrical length of said seventh and eighth lines being equal; said seventh and eighth lines exhibiting said even mode impedance of Ze when said ninth, 10th, 11th and 12th terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt; said seventh and eighth lines exhibiting said odd mode impedance of Zo when said ninth, 10th, 11th and 12th terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt, said seventh and eighth coupled lines exhibiting equal phase velocity in said even and odd modes of excitation; ninth and 10th lines electromagnetically coupled to each other; said ninth line providing 13th and 14th terminals at opposite ends thereof; said tenth line providing 15th and 16th terminals at opposite ends thereof; the electrical length of said ninth and 10th lines being equal; said ninth and 10th lines exhibiting said even mode impedance of Ze when said 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt; said ninth and 10th lines exhibiting said odd mode impedance of Ze when said 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt; said ninth and 10th coupled lines exhibiting equal phase velocity in said even and odd modes of excitation; an 11th line for connecting said tenth terminal to said 13th terminal; a 12th line for connecting said 12th terminal to said 15th terminal; first means for connecting said ninth terminal to said sixth terminal; and second means for connecting said 11th terminal to said eighth terminal: said 11th and 12th lines being uncoupled lines.

Claim 36

A distributive parameter device including in combination: first and second lines electromagnetically coupled to each other; said first line providing first and second terminals at opposite ends thereof; said second line providing third and fourth terminals at opposite ends thereof; the electrical length of said first and second lines being equal; said first and second lines exhibiting an even mode impedance of Ze when said first, second, third and fourth terminals are terminated in an impedance of Zt; said first and second lines exhibiting an odd mode impedance of Zo when said first, second, third and fourth terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt, where: Zt 32 Square Root Ze Zo said first and second coupled lines exhibiting equal phase velocity in said even and odd modes of excitation; third and fourth lines electromagnetically coupled to each other; said third line providing fifth and sixth terminals at opposite ends thereof; said fourth line providing seventh and eighth terminals at opposite ends thereof; said electrical length of the third and fourth lines being equal; said third and fourth lines exhibiting said even mode impedance of Ze when said fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt; said third and fourth lines exhibiting said odd mode impedance of Zo when said fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt; said third and fourth coupled lines exhibiting equal phase velocity in said even and odd modes of excitation; a fifth line for connecting said second terminal to said fifth terminal; and a sixth line for connecting said fourth terminal to said seventh terminal: said fifth and sixth lines being uncoupled lines seventh and eighth lines electromagnetically coupled to each other; said seventh line providing ninth and tenth terminals at opposite ends thereof; said eighth line providing eleventh and twelfth terminals at opposite ends thereof; the electrical length of said seventh and eighth lines being equal; said seventh and eighth lines exhibiting said even mode impedance of Ze when said ninth, 10th, 11th and 12th terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt; said seventh and eighth lines exhibiting said odd mode impedance of Zo when said ninth, 10th, 11th and 12th terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt, said seventh and eighth coupled lines exhibiting equal phase velocity in said even and odd modes of excitation; ninth and 10th lines electromagnetically coupled to each other; said ninth line providing 13th and 14th terminals at opposite ends thereof; said tenth line providing 15th and 16th terminals at opposite ends thereof; the electrical length of said ninth and 10th lines being equal; said ninth and 10th lines exhibiting said even mode impedance of Ze when said 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt; said ninth and 10th lines exhibiting said odd mode impedance of Ze when said 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th terminals are terminated in said impedance of Zt; said ninth and 10th coupled lines exhibiting equal phase velocity in said even and odd modes of excitation; an 11th line for connecting said tenth terminal to said 13th terminal; a 12th line for connecting said 12th terminal to said 15th terminal; first means for connecting said ninth terminal to said sixth terminal; and second means for connecting said 11th terminal to said eighth terminal: said 11th and 12th lines being uncoupled lines.

Claim 37

The combination as defined in claim 33 in which said fifth, sixth, 11th and 12th lines exhibit a characteristic impedance of Zt.

Claim 38

The combination as defined in claim 34 in which said first means includes a 13th line; said second means includes a 14th line and said 13th and 14th lines are electromagnetically coupled to each other.

Claim 39

The combination as defined in claim 35 in which said 13th and 14th lines exhibit said even mode impedances of Ze when terminated in impedances of Zt and said odd mode impedance of Zo when terminated in impedances of Zt.

Claim 40

The combination as defined in claim 36 in which the electrical length from said first terminal to said 14th terminal is equal to said electrical length from said third terminal to said 16th terminal.

Claim 41

The combination as defined in claim 29 in which said first means also includes 15th and 16th lines for connecting said 13th line of said sixth and ninth terminals, respectively, and said second means also includes 17th and 18th lines for connecting said 14th line to said eighth and 11th terminals, respectively: said 15th, s 16th, 17th, and 18th lines being uncoupled lines.

Claim 42

The combination as defined in claim 38 in which the 15th, 16th, 17th and 18th lines each exhibit characteristic impedances of Zt.

Claim 43

The combination as defined in claim 39 in which the electrical length of said first, second, third, fourth, seventh, eighth, ninth and 10th lines are equal.

Claim 44

In combination: a coupler having first, second, third and fourth ports, said coupler being responsive to a signal applied to said first port through an impedance of Zt for providing signals at said second and third ports in quadrature relationship when said second, third and fourth ports are terminated in said impedance Zt; means for applying a signal to said first port through a source impedance of Ze; and means for terminating said second and third ports in load impedances of Zo and said fourth port in said impedance of Ze; where: Zt Square Root ZeZo so that said coupler in addition to serving as a coupler serves the additional function of matching said source impedance of Ze to said load impedance of Zo wherein Ze and Zo are different impedances.

Claim 45

In combination: a coupler having first, second, third and fourth ports, said coupler being responsive to a signal applied to said first port through an impedance of Zt for providing signals at said second and third ports in quadrature relationship when said second, third and fourth ports are terminated in said impedance Zt; means for applying a signal to said first port through a source impedance of Ze; and means for terminating said second and third ports in load impedances of Zo and said fourth port in said impedance of Ze; where: Zt Square Root ZeZo so that said coupler in addition to serving as a coupler serves the additional function of matching said source impedance of Ze to said load impedance of Zo wherein Ze and Zo are different impedances.

Claim 46

The combination as defined in claim 41 in which said coupler has a center operating frequency and said electrical length from said first port to said third port is a quarter wave length at said center operating frequency.

Claim 47

The combination as defined in claim 42 in which said coupler includes: first and second lines electromagnetically coupled to each other; said first line providing first and second terminals at opposite ends thereof; said second line providing third and fourth terminals at opposite ends thereof; the electrical length of said first and second lines being equal; third and fourth lines electromagnetically coupled to each other; said third line providing fifth and sixth terminals at opposite ends thereof; said fourth line providing seventh and eighth terminals at oppostie ends thereof; the electrical length of said third and fourth lines being equal; a fifth line for connecting said second terminal to said fifth terminal; a sixth line for connecting said fourth terminal to said seventh terminal; a seventh line having a first and second end thereof said first end of said seventh line being connected to said first terminal and said second end of said seventh line serving as said first port; said seventh line having a characteristic impedance of Ze; an eighth line having a first and second end thereof; said first end of said eighth line being connected to said third terminal and said second end of said eighth line serving as said second port; said eighth line exhibiting a characteristic impedance of Zo; a ninth line having a first and second end thereof; said first end of said ninth line being connected to said sixth terminal and said second end of said ninth line serving as said third port; said ninth line exhibiting a characteristic impedance of Zo; and a 10th line having a first and second end thereof; said first end of said 10th line being connected to said eighth terminal and said second end of said 10th line serving as said fourth port; said tenth line exhibiting a characteristic impedance of Ze.