Duochromatic indicator for a diversity polarization receiver

Claim 2

Radar apparatus comprising means for receiving radar echo pulses of microwave energy, said means including means having two output channels for deriving separate output pulses proportional in amplitude, respectively, to the directly-polarized and crosspolarized components of the received microwave energy, a lin-og amplifier coupled to each of the respective outputs of said means, a subtracter circuit coupled to the outputs of the lin-log amplifiers for producing a signal proportional to the difference between the two lin-log outputs, variable means for eliminating the signals applied to the subtracter means having an amplitude below a controllable threshold level whereby only strong echo pulses are utilized, phase inverting means coupled to the difference signal output of the subtracter means for producing two signals having pulses of opposite sense, first and second amplitude discriminating means for passing strong echo pulses having amplitudes between predetermined levels and adapted to receive a respective output of said lin-log amplifiers, first summing means for additively combining the outputs of said first and second amplitude discriminating means, second and third summing means coupled to a respective output of said phase inverting means and to the output of said first summing means, amplitude limiter means coupled to the output of one of said linlog amplifiers, fourth and fifth summing means coupled to a respective output of said second and third summing means and to the output of said amplitude limiter means, first and second clipping means respectively coupled to the outputs of said fourth and fifth summing means, a pair of cathode ray indicator tubes having different color-producing phosphor screens, the output of said first clipping means being coupled to the intensity control of one indicator tube and the output of the second clipping means being coupled to the intensity control of the second indicator tube, and means for superimposing the images formed on the screens of the two indicator tubes.

Claim 3

Radar apparatus comprising means for receiving radar echo pulses of microwave energy, said means including means having two output channels for deriving separate output pulses proportional in amplitude, respectively, to the directly-polarized and cross-polarized components of the received microwave energy, a lin-og amplifier coupled to each of the respective outputs of said means, a subtracter circuit coupled to the outputs of the lin-log amplifiers for producing a signal proportional to the difference between the two lin-log outputs, variable means for eliminating the signals applied to the subtracter means having an amplitude below a controllable threshold level whereby only strong echo pulses are utilized, phase inverting means coupled to the difference signal output of the subtracter means for producing two signals having pulses of opposite sense, first and second amplitude discriminating means for passing strong echo pulses having amplitudes between predetermined levels and adapted to receive a respective output of said lin-log amplifiers, first summing means for additively combining the outputs of said first and second amplitude discriminating means, second and third summing means coupled to a respective output of said phase inverting means and to the output of said first summing means, amplitude limiter means coupled to the output of one of said lin-log amplifiers, fourth and fifth summing means coupled to a respective output of said second and third summing means and to the output of said amplitude limiter means, first and second clipping means respectively coupled to the outputs of said fourth and fifth summing means, a pair of cathode ray indicator tubes having different color-producing phosphor screens, the output of said first clipping means being coupled to the intensity control of one indicator tube and the output of the second clipping means being coupled to the intensity control of the second indicator tube, and means for superimposing the images formed on the screens of the two indicator tubes.

Claim 4

Radar apparatus comprising means for receiving radar echo pulses of microwave energy, said means including means having two output channels for deriving separate output pulses proportional in amplitude, respectively, to the directly-polarized and cross-polarized components of the received microwave energy, a lin-og amplifier coupled to each of the respective outputs of said means, a subtracter circuit coupled to the outputs of the lin-log amplifiers for producing a signal proportional to the difference between the two lin-log outputs, variable means for eliminating the signals applied to the subtracter means having an amplitude below a controllable threshold level whereby only strong echo pulses are utilized, phase inverting means coupled to the difference signal output of the subtracter means for producing two signals having pulses of opposite sense, first and second amplitude discriminating means for passing strong echo pulses having amplitudes between predetermined levels and adapted to receive a respective output of said lin-log amplifiers, first summing means for additively combining the outputs of said first and second amplitude discriminating means, second and third summing means coupled to a respective output of said phase inverting means and to the output of said first summing means, amplitude limiter means coupled to the output of one of said lin-log amplifiers, fourth and fifth summing means coupled to a respective output of said second and third summing means and to the output of said amplitude limiter means, first and second clipping means respectively coupled to the outputs of said fourth and fifth summing means, a pair of cathode ray indicator tubes having different color-producing phosphor screens, the output of said first clipping means being coupled to the intensity control of one indicator tube and the output of the second clipping means being coupled to the intensity control of the second indicator tube, and means for superimposing the images formed on the screens of the two indicator tubes.

Claim 5

Radar apparatus comprising means for receiving radar echo pulses of microwave energy, said means including means having two output channels for deriving separate output pulses proportional in amplitude, respectively, to the directly-polarized and cross-polarized components of the received microwave energy, a lin-log amplifier coupled to each of the respective outputs of said means, a subtracter circuit coupled to the outputs of the lin-log amplifiers for producing a signal proportional to the difference between the two lin-log outputs, means for eliminating the signals applied to the subtracter means having an amplitude below a predetermined threshold level whereby only strong echo pulses are utilized, phase inverting means coupled to the difference signal output of the subtracter means for producing two signals having pulses of opposite sense, first and second amplitude discriminating means for passing sTrong echo pulses having amplitudes between predetermined levels and adapted to receive a respective output of said lin-log amplifiers, first summing means for additively combining the outputs of said first and second amplitude discriminating means, second and third summing means coupled to a respective output of said phase inverting means and to the output of said first summing means, amplitude limiter means coupled to the output of one of said lin-log amplifiers, fourth and fifth summing means coupled to a respective output of said second and third summing means and to the output of said amplitude limiter means, a pair of cathode ray indicator tubes having different color-producing phosphor screens, the output of said fourth summing means being coupled to the intensity control of one indicator tube and the output of the fifth summing means being coupled to the intensity control of the second indicator tube, and means for superimposing the images formed on the screens of the two indicator tubes.

Claim 6

Radar apparatus comprising means for receiving radar echo pulses of microwave energy, said means including means having two output channels for deriving separate output pulses proportional in amplitude, respectively, to the directly-polarized and cross-polarized components of the received microwave energy, a lin-log amplifier coupled to each of the respective outputs of said means, a subtracter circuit coupled to the outputs of the lin-log amplifiers for producing a signal proportional to the difference between the two lin-log outputs, means for eliminating the signals applied to the subtracter means having an amplitude below a predetermined threshold level whereby only strong echo pulses are utilized, phase inverting means coupled to the difference signal output of the subtracter means for producing two signals having pulses of opposite sense, first and second amplitude discriminating means for passing sTrong echo pulses having amplitudes between predetermined levels and adapted to receive a respective output of said lin-log amplifiers, first summing means for additively combining the outputs of said first and second amplitude discriminating means, second and third summing means coupled to a respective output of said phase inverting means and to the output of said first summing means, amplitude limiter means coupled to the output of one of said lin-log amplifiers, fourth and fifth summing means coupled to a respective output of said second and third summing means and to the output of said amplitude limiter means, a pair of cathode ray indicator tubes having different color-producing phosphor screens, the output of said fourth summing means being coupled to the intensity control of one indicator tube and the output of the fifth summing means being coupled to the intensity control of the second indicator tube, and means for superimposing the images formed on the screens of the two indicator tubes.

Claim 7

Radar apparatus comprising means for receiving radar echo signals of microwave energy, said means including means having two output channels for deriving separate output signals proportional in amplitude, respectively, to the directly-polarized and cross-polarized components of the received microwave energy, a subtracter circuit coupled to the respective outputs of the receiving means for producing a signal related to the difference between the two output signals, means for eliminating signals applied to the subtracter means having an amplitude below a predetermined threshold level whereby only strong echo signals are utilized, phase inverting means coupled to the difference signal output of the subtracter means for producing two signals of opposite sense, amplitude limiter means coupled to one of the outputs of said receiving means, first and second amplitude discriminating means for passing strong echo pulses having amplitudes between predetermined levels, means for coupling said outputs of said receiving means to respective ones of said amplitude discriminating means, first summing means for additively combining the outputs of both said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means, and one of the outputs of said phase inverting means, second summing means for additively combining the outputs of both said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means, and the other output of said phase inverting means, a pair of cathode ray indicator tubes having different color-producing phosphor screens, the output of the first summing means being coupled to the intensity control of one indicator tube, and the output of the second summing means being coupled to the intensity control of the second indicator tube, and means for superimposing the images formed on the screens of the two indicator tubes.

Claim 8

Radar apparatus comprising means for receiving radar echo signals of microwave energy, said means including means having two output channels for deriving separate output signals proportional in amplitude, respectively, to the directly-polarized and cross-polarized components of the received microwave energy, a subtracter circuit coupled to the respective outputs of the receiving means for producing a signal related to the difference between the two output signals, means for eliminating signals applied to the subtracter means having an amplitude below a predetermined threshold level whereby only strong echo signals are utilized, phase inverting means coupled to the difference signal output of the subtracter means for producing two signals of opposite sense, amplitude limiter means coupled to one of the outputs of said receiving means, first and second amplitude discriminating means for passing strong echo pulses having amplitudes between predetermined levels, means for coupling said outputs of said receiving means to respective ones of said amplitude discriminating means, first summing means for additively combining the outputs of both said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means, and one of the outputs of said phase inverting means, second summing means for additively combining the outputs of both said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means, and the other output of said phase inverting means, a pair of cathode ray indicator tubes having different color-producing phosphor screens, the output of the first summing means being coupled to the intensity control of one indicator tube, and the output of the second summing means being coupled to the intensity control of the second indicator tube, and means for superimposing the images formed on the screens of the two indicator tubes.

Claim 9

Radar apparatus comprising means for receiving radar echo signals of microwave energy, said means including means having two output channels for deriving separate output signals proportional in amplitude, respectively, to the directly-polarized and cross-polarized components of the received microwave energy, a lin-log amplifier coupled to each of the respective outputs of said means, a subtracter circuit coupled to the outputs of the lin-log amplifiers for producing a signal proportional to the difference between the two lin-log outputs, phase inverting means coupled to the difference signal output of the subtracter means for producing two signals of opposite sense, first and second amplitude discriminating means for passing strong echo signals having amplitudes between predetermined levels and adapted to receive a respective output of said lin-log amplifiers, amplitude limiter means coupled to the output of one of said lin-log amplifiers, first summing means for additively combining the outputs of both said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means, and one of the outputs of said phase inverting means, sEcond summing means for additively combining the outputs of both said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means, and the other output of said phase inverting means, a pair of cathode ray indicator tubes having different color-producing phosphor screens, the output of the first summing means being coupled to the intensity control of one indicator tube, and the output of the second summing means being coupled to the intensity control of the second indicator tube, and means for superimposing the images formed on the scrrens of the two indicator tubes.

Claim 10

Radar apparatus comprising means for receiving radar echo signals of microwave energy, said means including means having two output channels for deriving separate output signals proportional in amplitude, respectively, to the directly-polarized and cross-polarized components of the received microwave energy, a lin-log amplifier coupled to each of the respective outputs of said means, a subtracter circuit coupled to the outputs of the lin-log amplifiers for producing a signal proportional to the difference between the two lin-log outputs, phase inverting means coupled to the difference signal output of the subtracter means for producing two signals of opposite sense, first and second amplitude discriminating means for passing strong echo signals having amplitudes between predetermined levels and adapted to receive a respective output of said lin-log amplifiers, amplitude limiter means coupled to the output of one of said lin-log amplifiers, first summing means for additively combining the outputs of both said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means, and one of the outputs of said phase inverting means, sEcond summing means for additively combining the outputs of both said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means, and the other output of said phase inverting means, a pair of cathode ray indicator tubes having different color-producing phosphor screens, the output of the first summing means being coupled to the intensity control of one indicator tube, and the output of the second summing means being coupled to the intensity control of the second indicator tube, and means for superimposing the images formed on the scrrens of the two indicator tubes.

Claim 11

Apparatus for displaying information derived from two sources, the information being in the form of signals varying in amplitude over a wide dynamic range, said apparatus comprising a subtracter circuit for deriving an output signal related in amplitude to the difference in amplitude of the two information signals, means for applying the two information signals to said subtracter circuit including means for limiting signals to those exceeding a predetermined threshold level and non-linear amplifying means for reducing the dynamic range of the information signals, phase inverting means coupled to the output of the subtracter circuit for producing two signals of opposite phase, first and second amplitude discriminating means for passing signals having amplitudes between predetermined levels, each being adapted to receive the output of a respective one of said non-linear amplifying means, amplitude limiter means adapted to receive the output of one of said non-linear amplifying means, first summing means for additively combining the outputs of both said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means, and one of the outputs of said phase inverting means, second summing means for additively combining the outputs of both said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means, and the other output of said phase inverting means, and duochormatic cathode ray indicator means including means for controlling separately the intensities of indication in either of two colors, the outputs of said first and second summing means being coupled, respectively, to said separate intensity controlling means whereby the output of the first summing means controls the intensity of indication in one color and the output of the second summing means controls the intensity of indication in the other color.

Claim 12

Apparatus for displaying information derived from two sources, the information being in the form of signals varying in amplitude over a wide dynamic range, said apparatus comprising a subtracter circuit for deriving an output signal related in amplitude to the difference in amplitude of the two information signals, means for applying the two information signals to said subtracter circuit including means for limiting signals to those exceeding a predetermined threshold level and non-linear amplifying means for reducing the dynamic range of the information signals, phase inverting means coupled to the output of the subtracter circuit for producing two signals of opposite phase, first and second amplitude discriminating means for passing signals having amplitudes between predetermined levels, each being adapted to receive the output of a respective one of said non-linear amplifying means, amplitude limiter means adapted to receive the output of one of said non-linear amplifying means, first summing means for additively combining the outputs of both said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means, and one of the outputs of said phase inverting means, second summing means for additively combining the outputs of both said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means, and the other output of said phase inverting means, and duochormatic cathode ray indicator means including means for controlling separately the intensities of indication in either of two colors, the outputs of said first and second summing means being coupled, respectively, to said separate intensity controlling means whereby the output of the first summing means controls the intensity of indication in one color and the output of the second summing means controls the intensity of indication in the other color.

Claim 13

Apparatus for displaying information derived from two sources, the information being in the form of signals varying in amplitude over a wide dynamic range, said apparatus comprising a subtracter circuit for deriving an output signal related in amplitude to the difference in amplitude of the two information signals, means for applying the two information signals to said subtracter circuit including means for limiting signals to those exceeding a predetermined threshold level for reducing the dynamic range of the information signals, phase inverting means coupled to the output of the subtracter circuit for producing two signals of opposite phase, first and second amplitude discriminating means for passing signals having amplitudes between predetermined levels, means for applying said information signals to respective ones of said amplitude discriminating means, amplitude limiter means, means for applying one of the information signals to said amplitude limiter, first summing means for additively combining the outputs of said amplitude discriminating means, the output of both said amplitude limiter means, and one of the outputs of said phase inverting means, second summing means for additively combining the outputs of said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means, and the other output of said phase inverting means, and duochromatic cathode ray indicator means including means for controlling separately the intensities of indication in either of two colors, the outputs of said first and second summing means being coupled, respectively, to said separate intensity controlling means whereby the output of the first summing means controls the intensity of indication in one color and the output of the second summing means controls the intensity of indication in the other color.

Claim 14

Apparatus for displaying information derived from two sources, the information being in the form of signals varying in amplitude over a wide dynamic range, said apparatus comprising a subtracter circuit for deriving an output signal related in amplitude to the difference in amplitude of the two information signals, means for applying the two information signals to said subtracter circuit including means for limiting signals to those exceeding a predetermined threshold level for reducing the dynamic range of the information signals, phase inverting means coupled to the output of the subtracter circuit for producing two signals of opposite phase, first and second amplitude discriminating means for passing signals having amplitudes between predetermined levels, means for applying said information signals to respective ones of said amplitude discriminating means, amplitude limiter means, means for applying one of the information signals to said amplitude limiter, first summing means for additively combining the outputs of said amplitude discriminating means, the output of both said amplitude limiter means, and one of the outputs of said phase inverting means, second summing means for additively combining the outputs of said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means, and the other output of said phase inverting means, and duochromatic cathode ray indicator means including means for controlling separately the intensities of indication in either of two colors, the outputs of said first and second summing means being coupled, respectively, to said separate intensity controlling means whereby the output of the first summing means controls the intensity of indication in one color and the output of the second summing means controls the intensity of indication in the other color.

Claim 15

Apparatus for displaying information derived from two sources, the information being in the form of signals varying in amplitude over a wide dynamic range, said apparatus comprising a subtracter circuit for deriving an output signal related in amplitude to the difference in amplitude of the two information signals, means for applying the two information signals to said subtracter circuit including non-linear amplifying means for reducing the dynamic range of the information signals, phase inverting means coupled to the output of the subtracter circuit for producing two signals of opposite phase, first and second amplitude discriminating means for passing signals having amplitudes between predetermined levels, each being adapted to receive the output of a respective one of said non-linear amplifying means, amplitude limiter means coupled to one of said non-linear amplifying means, first summing means for additively combining the outputs of both said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means, and one of the outputs of said phase inverting means, second summing means for additively combining the outputs of both said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means, and the other output of said phase inverting means, and duochromatic cathode ray indicator means including means for controlling separately the intensities of indication in either of two colors, the outputs of said first and second summing means being coupled, respectively, to said separate intensity controlling means whereby the output of the first summing means controls the intensity of indication in one color and the output of the second summing means controls the intensity of indication in the other color.

Claim 16

Apparatus for displaying information derived from two sources, the information being in the form of signals varying in amplitude over a wide dynamic range, said apparatus comprising a subtracter circuit for deriving an output signal related in amplitude to the difference in amplitude of the two information signals, means for applying the two information signals to said subtracter circuit including non-linear amplifying means for reducing the dynamic range of the information signals, phase inverting means coupled to the output of the subtracter circuit for producing two signals of opposite phase, first and second amplitude discriminating means for passing signals having amplitudes between predetermined levels, each being adapted to receive the output of a respective one of said non-linear amplifying means, amplitude limiter means coupled to one of said non-linear amplifying means, first summing means for additively combining the outputs of both said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means, and one of the outputs of said phase inverting means, second summing means for additively combining the outputs of both said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means, and the other output of said phase inverting means, and duochromatic cathode ray indicator means including means for controlling separately the intensities of indication in either of two colors, the outputs of said first and second summing means being coupled, respectively, to said separate intensity controlling means whereby the output of the first summing means controls the intensity of indication in one color and the output of the second summing means controls the intensity of indication in the other color.

Claim 17

Apparatus for displaying information derived from two sources, the information being in the form of signals varying in amplitude over a wide dynamic range, said apparatus comprising a subtracter circuit for deriving an output signal related in amplitude to the difference in amplitude of the two information signals, means for applying the two inFormation signals to said subtracter circuit, phase inverting means coupled to the output of the subtracter circuit for producing two signals of opposite phase, first and second amplitude discriminating means for passing signals having amplitudes between predetermined levels, means for applying said information signals to respective ones of said amplitude discriminating means, amplitude limiter means, means for applying one of the information signals to said amplitude limiter, first summing means for additively combining the outputs of both said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means, and one of the outputs of said phase inverting means, second summing means for additively combining the outputs of both said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means and the other output of said phase inverting means, and duochromatic cathode ray indicator means including means for controlling separately the intensities of indication in either of two colors, the outputs of said first and second summing means being coupled, respectively, to said separate intensity controlling means whereby the output of the first summing means controls the intensity of indication in one color and the output of the second summing means controls the intensity of indication in the other color.

Claim 18

Apparatus for displaying information derived from two sources, the information being in the form of signals varying in amplitude over a wide dynamic range, said apparatus comprising a subtracter circuit for deriving an output signal related in amplitude to the difference in amplitude of the two information signals, means for applying the two inFormation signals to said subtracter circuit, phase inverting means coupled to the output of the subtracter circuit for producing two signals of opposite phase, first and second amplitude discriminating means for passing signals having amplitudes between predetermined levels, means for applying said information signals to respective ones of said amplitude discriminating means, amplitude limiter means, means for applying one of the information signals to said amplitude limiter, first summing means for additively combining the outputs of both said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means, and one of the outputs of said phase inverting means, second summing means for additively combining the outputs of both said amplitude discriminating means, the output of said amplitude limiter means and the other output of said phase inverting means, and duochromatic cathode ray indicator means including means for controlling separately the intensities of indication in either of two colors, the outputs of said first and second summing means being coupled, respectively, to said separate intensity controlling means whereby the output of the first summing means controls the intensity of indication in one color and the output of the second summing means controls the intensity of indication in the other color.