Polyphase synchronous alternators having a controlled voltage gradient armature winding

Claim 2

An armature having a controlled voltage gradient winding comprising a plurality of electrically conductive bars, each bar being serially connected to a bar 180 electrical degrees removed therefrom to form a turn, turns adjacent to each other in the active region of the armature being serially connected to form a phase winding, said adjacent turns being without intervening electrically conductive material constituting the sides of slots in an iron armature, each turn being insulated to withstand substantially only the voltage difference between it and adjacent turns, said voltage difference being determined by the number of serially connected turns between said turn and an immediately adjacent turn and being substantially less than the phase voltage of the machine, said bars being formed into helices near their ends to cause said bars to twist through 90 electrical degrees, said helically twisted bars being connected at their ends to oppositely helically twisted bars to form said serial connection of turns of adjacent bars, additional insulation capable of withstanding the full phase voltage being inserted where the oppositely twisted bars cross each other.

Claim 3

The armature winding of claim 1 comprising in addition said bars forming at least two sublayers of bars in each end region of said armature, the bars which are helically twisted in one direction at one end being in one sublayer and those bars which are helically twisted in the opposite direction being in a different sublayer, a bar of one sublayer being serially connected to a bar of a different sublayer to form a turn, adjacent sublayers which are oppositely twisted having said additional insulation in the form of a cylinder therebetween capable of withstanding the full phase voltage.

Claim 4

The armature winding of claim 1 comprising in addition a plurality of N of said phase windings, the bars of one phase winding being insulated from the adjacent bars of the adjacent phase winding by no more insulation than that provided on each other bar of the phase windings, said phase windings being connected to a different phase winding at each end to form a balanced N-phase polygon connected armature winding.

Claim 5

The armature of claim 3 wherein the plurality of phase windings is three in number and said balanced three-phase winding is delta connected.

Claim 6

The armature winding of claim 1 comprising in addition a plurality of N of said phase windings, each phase winding being connected to a common terminal by one end of the phase winding to form a balanced N-phase star-connected armature winding, an insulator capable of withstanding the phase voltage being between adjacent phase windings.

Claim 7

The armature winding of claim 5 wherein the plurality of phase windings is three in number and said balanced three-phase winding is wye connected.

Claim 8

The armature winding of claim 2 comprising in addition said insulated bars substantially filling the space the active region of the armature.

Claim 9

The armature winding of claim 1 comprising in addition a cylinder of insulation within said armature winding on which said winding is supported, a cylinder of insulation outside and surrounding said armature winding, each cylinder of insulation being capable of withstanding the phase voltage potential difference.

Claim 10

The armature of claim 8 comprising in addition a cryogenic magnetic field structure located within and capable of rotating about the longitudinal axis of the armature, an electrically conductive cylinder having its axis coincident with the axis of the armature, said conductive cylinder being external to said armature and separated therefrom to provide an eddy current shield to prevent flux from said magnetic field structure and said armature extending beyond said cylinder.

Claim 11

The armature of claim 8 comprising in addition a magnetic field structure located within and capable of rotating about the longitudinal axis of the armature, a cylinder of ferromagnetic material having its axis coincident with the axis of the armature, said magnetic cylinder being external to said armature to provide a magnetic return path for the flux produced by said magnetic field structure and said armature.

Claim 12

An armature winding comprising 2N phase belts, where N is one or greater, each phase belt comprising ''''n'''' electrically conductive bars arranged cylindrically in two layers with the bars of the outermost layer being radially displaced from the bars of the innermost layers, the bars of a first phase belt being consecutively numbered with the outermost bar at one end of the phase belt being designated with the numeral one and the bar radially displaced therefrom being designated with the numeral two, the last bar of the belt being the innermost bar at the other end of the belt which is designated ''''n'''', a second phase belt displaced from said first phase belt by 180 electrical degrees, corresponding bars of the first and second phase belts being correspondingly numbered, the bar numbers being primed in the second phase belt to distinguish these bars from those of the first phase belt, said phase belts having a non-terminal end at which the bars of the first and second belts are connected to form turns and a terminal end at which the turns are serially connected to form a phase winding, said 2N phase belts each having their corresponding bars numbered to correspond with each other, alternate belts having primed numbers, said bars being insulated from each other to withstand the voltage difference between adjacent bars, said bars being without intervening electrically conductive material constituting the sides of slots in an iron armature.

Claim 13

An armature winding comprising 2N phase belts, where N is one or greater, each phase belt comprising ''''n'''' electrically conductive bars arranged cylindrically in two layers with the bars of the outermost layer being radially displaced from the bars of the innermost layers, the bars of a first phase belt being consecutively numbered with the outermost bar at one end of the phase belt being designated with the numeral one and the bar radially displaced therefrom being designated with the numeral two, the last bar of the belt being the innermost bar at the other end of the belt which is designated ''''n'''', a second phase belt displaced from said first phase belt by 180 electrical degrees, corresponding bars of the first and second phase belts being correspondingly numbered, the bar numbers being primed in the second phase belt to distinguish these bars from those of the first phase belt, said phase belts having a non-terminal end at which the bars of the first and second belts are connected to form turns and a terminal end at which the turns are serially connected to form a phase winding, said 2N phase belts each having their corresponding bars numbered to correspond with each other, alternate belts having primed numbers, said bars being insulated from each other to withstand the voltage difference between adjacent bars, said bars being without intervening electrically conductive material constituting the sides of slots in an iron armature.

Claim 14

The armature winding of claim 11 comprising in addition the order of connection of the bars of the two phase belts at the non-terminal end being 1-1'', 2-2'', - - - , n-n'', the order of connection of the bars of the two phase belts at the terminal end being 1''-2, 2''-3, - - - , (n-1)''-n, said connections providing a sequence of connections of the bars in any one phase of 1-1''-2-2''-3-3'', - - - , (n-1)-(n-1)''-n-n'' to provide a phase winding between the terminal ends of bars 1 and n'', said 2N phase belts thereby providing N phase windings, said bars being insulated from each other to withstand substantially three turns of voltage.

Claim 15

The armature winding of claim 12 comprising in addition said N phase windings being three in number, said three phase windings being connected to each other at the terminal end of the phase windings to form a delta connected balanced three phase armature winding by connecting terminal one of one phase winding to terminal n'' of the adjacent phase winding, the phase belts having no additional insulation other than the said bar insulation between them where they are next to each other.

Claim 16

The armature winding of claim 12 comprising in addition said N phase windings between three in number, said three phase windings being connected to each other at the terminal end of the phase windings to form a wye connected balanced three phase armature winding by connecting together terminal n'' of each phase winding, the phase belts being separated by insulation capable of withstanding the full phase voltage.

Claim 17

The armature winding of claim 11 comprising in addition the order of connection of the bars of the two phase belts at the non-terminal end being 1-2'', 1''-2, - - - , (n-1)''-n, the order of connection of the bars of the two phase belts at the terminal end being 1''-4, 2-2'', 3-3'', 4''-5, - - - , (n-1)-(n-1''), said connections providing a sequence of connection of the bars in any one phase of 1-2''-2-1''-4-3''-3-4''-5, - - - (n-1)-n'' to provide a phase winding between the terminal ends of bars 1 and n'', said 2N phase belts thereby providing N phase windings, said bars being insulated from each other to withstand substantially three turns of voltage.

Claim 18

The armature winding of claim 15 comprising in addition said N phase windings being three in number, said three phase windings being connected to each other at the terminal end of the phase windings to form a delta connected three-phase armature winding by connecting terminal one of one phase winding to terminal n'' of the next phase winding.

Claim 19

The armature winding of claim 15 comprising in addition said N phase windings being three in number, said three phase windings being connected to each other at the terminal end of the phase windings to form a wye connected balanced three phase armature winding by connecting together terminal n'' of each phase winding, the phase belts being separated by insulation capable of withstanding the full phase voltage.

Claim 20

The armature winding of claim 11 comprising in addition the order of connection of the bars of the two phase belts at the non-terminal end being 1-3'', 1''-3, 2-4'', 2''-4, - - - (n-2)''-n, the order of connection of the bars of the two phase belts at the terminal end being 1''-4, 2-3'', 3-4'', 2''-5, - - - , (n-1)-n'', said connections providing a sequence of connection of the bars in any one phase of 1-3''-2-4''-3-1''-4-2''-5 - - - n-(n-2)'' to provide a phase winding between the connected terminal ends of bars 1 and (n-2)'', said 2N phase belts thereby providing N phase windings,, said bars being insulated from each other to withstand substantially six turns of voltage.

Claim 21

The armature winding of claim 18 comprising in addition said N phase windings being three in number, said three phase windings being connected to each other at the temminal end of the phase windings to form a delta connected three-phase armature winding by connecting terminal one of one phase winding to terminal (n-2)'' of the next phase winding.

Claim 22

The armature winding of claim 18 comprising in addition said N phase windings being three in number, said three phase windings being cnnnected to each other at the terminal end of the phase windings to form a wye connected balanced three phase armature winding by connecting together terminal (n-2)'' of each phase winding, the phase belts being separated by insulation capable of withstanding the full phase voltage.

Claim 23

The armature winding of claim 11 comprising in addition the order of connection of the bars of the two phase belts at the non-terminal end being 1-2'', 2-1'', 3-4'', 4-3'', - - - , n-(n-1)'', the order of connection of the bars of the two phase belts at the terminal end being 1''-4, 2''-3, 2-4'', 3''-5, - - - , (n-2)-n'', said connections providing a sequence of connection of the bars in any one phase of 1-2''-3-4''-2-1''-4-3'' - - - n-(n-1)'' to provide a phase winding between the connected terminal ends of bars 1 and (n-1)'', said 2N phase belts thereby providing N phase windings, said bars being inSulated from each other to withstand substantially four turns of voltage.

Claim 24

The armature winding of claim 21 comprising in addition said N phase windings being three in number, said three phase windings being connected to each other at the terminal end of the phase windings to form a delta connected three phase armature winding by connecting terminal one of one phase winding to terminal (n-1)'' of the next phase winding.

Claim 25

The armature winding of claim 21 comprising in addition said N phase windings being three in number, said three phase windings being connected to each other at the terminal end of the phase windings to form a wye connected balanced three phase armature winding by connecting together terminal (n-1)'' of each phase winding, the phase belts being separated by insulation capable of withstanding the full phase voltage.

Claim 26

A winding for four-pole armature comprising an armature having two layers of electrically conductive bars in the active region of the armature arranged to provide 12 phase belts, said bars arranged to form an outermost layer of bars radially displaced from the bars of the innermost layers, the bars of a first phase A all being adjacent to each other and consecutively numbered with the innermost bar at one end of the phase belt being designated with the numeral one and the bar radially displaced outwardly therefrom being dsignated with the numeral two, the last bar of the belt being the outermost bar at the other end of the belt designated ''''n,'''' a second phase belt A'' displaced from said first phase belt A by 180 electrical degrees, the corresponding bars of the second phase belt being designated with primed numerals in the same order as said first phase belt bars, a third and fourth phase belt corresponding to said first and second phase belts, respectively, and displaced therefrom by 180 mechanical degress with bars corresponding to 1 to n being designated by the unprimed and primed numerals (n+1) to 2n, respectively, the electrical sequence of connection of the serially connected bars of the four phase belts being 1-2''-(n+1)-(n+2)'' - - -(2n-1)- (2n)'' connected in parallel with the serially connected bars 2-(n+1)''-(n+2)-1''-, - - - , -n-(2n-1)''-2n-(n-1)'', said connections providing a phase winding between the ends of bars 1 and (2n)'', the remaining eight of said 12 phase belts being likewise connected to each other to form two other phase windings, the three phase windings having correspondingly numbered bar 1 and (2n)'' ends 120 electrical degrees out of phase with each other, said bars being insulated from each other to withstand substantially three turns of voltage.

Claim 27

A winding for four-pole armature comprising an armature having two layers of electrically conductive bars in the active region of the armature arranged to provide 12 phase belts, said bars arranged to form an outermost layer of bars radially displaced from the bars of the innermost layers, the bars of a first phase A all being adjacent to each other and consecutively numbered with the innermost bar at one end of the phase belt being designated with the numeral one and the bar radially displaced outwardly therefrom being dsignated with the numeral two, the last bar of the belt being the outermost bar at the other end of the belt designated ''''n,'''' a second phase belt A'' displaced from said first phase belt A by 180 electrical degrees, the corresponding bars of the second phase belt being designated with primed numerals in the same order as said first phase belt bars, a third and fourth phase belt corresponding to said first and second phase belts, respectively, and displaced therefrom by 180 mechanical degress with bars corresponding to 1 to n being designated by the unprimed and primed numerals (n+1) to 2n, respectively, the electrical sequence of connection of the serially connected bars of the four phase belts being 1-2''-(n+1)-(n+2)'' - - -(2n-1)- (2n)'' connected in parallel with the serially connected bars 2-(n+1)''-(n+2)-1''-, - - - , -n-(2n-1)''-2n-(n-1)'', said connections providing a phase winding between the ends of bars 1 and (2n)'', the remaining eight of said 12 phase belts being likewise connected to each other to form two other phase windings, the three phase windings having correspondingly numbered bar 1 and (2n)'' ends 120 electrical degrees out of phase with each other, said bars being insulated from each other to withstand substantially three turns of voltage.

Claim 28

The armature winding of claim 24 comprising in addition said three phase windings being connected to each other to form a delta connected balanced three phase armature winding by connecting terminal one of one phase winding to terminal (2n)'' of the next phase winding.

Claim 29

A controlled voltage gradient armature winding for a two-pole machine comprising an armature having electrically conductive bars in the active region of the armature arranged to provide six phase belts, the bars of a first phase belt A being consecutively numbered with the endmost bar at one end of the phase belt being designated with the numeral one and the endmost bar at the other end of the phase belt being designated ''''n,'''' a second phase belt A'' displaced from said first phase belt A by 180 electrical degrees, the corresponding bars of the second phase belt being designated with primed numerals in the same order as said first phase belt bars, the electrical sequence of connections of the serially connected bars of the first anD second phase belts being 1''-2-3''-4 - - -(n-1)''-n connected in parallel with the serial connection of bars 2''-1-4''-3-n''-(n-1), said connections providing a phase winding between the ends of bars 1'' and n, the remaining four of said six phase belts being likewise connected to each other to form two other phase windings, the three phase windings having correspondingly numbered bars 1'' and n 120 electrical degrees out of phase with each other, said bars being insulated from each other to withstand substantially two turns of voltage.

Claim 30

A controlled voltage gradient armature winding for a two-pole machine comprising an armature having electrically conductive bars in the active region of the armature arranged to provide six phase belts, the bars of a first phase belt A being consecutively numbered with the endmost bar at one end of the phase belt being designated with the numeral one and the endmost bar at the other end of the phase belt being designated ''''n,'''' a second phase belt A'' displaced from said first phase belt A by 180 electrical degrees, the corresponding bars of the second phase belt being designated with primed numerals in the same order as said first phase belt bars, the electrical sequence of connections of the serially connected bars of the first anD second phase belts being 1''-2-3''-4 - - -(n-1)''-n connected in parallel with the serial connection of bars 2''-1-4''-3-n''-(n-1), said connections providing a phase winding between the ends of bars 1'' and n, the remaining four of said six phase belts being likewise connected to each other to form two other phase windings, the three phase windings having correspondingly numbered bars 1'' and n 120 electrical degrees out of phase with each other, said bars being insulated from each other to withstand substantially two turns of voltage.

Claim 31

The armature winding of claim 26 comprising in addition said three phase windings being connected to each other to form a delta connected three phase armature winding by connecting terminal 1'' of one phase winding to terminal n of a different phase winding.

Claim 32

A controlled voltage gradient armature winding for a four pole machine comprising an armature having two layers of electrically conductive bars in the active region of the armature arranged to provide twelve phase belts, said bars arranged to form an outermost layer of bars radially displaced from the bars of the innermost layers, the bars of a first phase belt A being consecutively numbered with the innermost bar at one end of the phase belt being designated with the numeral one and the bar radially displaced outwardly therefrom being designated with the numeral two, the last bar of the belt being the outermost bar at the other end of the belt designated ''''n,'''' a second phase belt A'' displaced from said first phase belt A by 180 electrical degrees, the corresponding bars of the second phase belt being designated with primed numerals in the same order as said first phase belt bars, a third and fourth phase belts corresponding to said first and second phase belts, respectively, and displaced therefrom by 180 mechanical degrees with corresponding bars being designated by the unprimed and primed numerals (n+1) to 2n, respectively, the electrical sequence of connection of the serially connected bars in the four phase belts being 1-1''-(n+1)-(n+1)''-2-2''-(n+2)-(n+2)'' - - - (2n-1)-(2n-1)''-n-n''-2n-(2n)'', said connections providing a phase winding between the ends of bars 1 and (2n)'', the remaining eight of said 12 phase belts being likewise connected to each other to form two other phase windings, the three phase windings having correspondingly numbered bar 1 and (2n)'' ends 120 electrical degrees out of phase with each other, said bars being insulated from each other to withstand substantially two turns of voltage.

Claim 33

A controlled voltage gradient armature winding for a four pole machine comprising an armature having two layers of electrically conductive bars in the active region of the armature arranged to provide twelve phase belts, said bars arranged to form an outermost layer of bars radially displaced from the bars of the innermost layers, the bars of a first phase belt A being consecutively numbered with the innermost bar at one end of the phase belt being designated with the numeral one and the bar radially displaced outwardly therefrom being designated with the numeral two, the last bar of the belt being the outermost bar at the other end of the belt designated ''''n,'''' a second phase belt A'' displaced from said first phase belt A by 180 electrical degrees, the corresponding bars of the second phase belt being designated with primed numerals in the same order as said first phase belt bars, a third and fourth phase belts corresponding to said first and second phase belts, respectively, and displaced therefrom by 180 mechanical degrees with corresponding bars being designated by the unprimed and primed numerals (n+1) to 2n, respectively, the electrical sequence of connection of the serially connected bars in the four phase belts being 1-1''-(n+1)-(n+1)''-2-2''-(n+2)-(n+2)'' - - - (2n-1)-(2n-1)''-n-n''-2n-(2n)'', said connections providing a phase winding between the ends of bars 1 and (2n)'', the remaining eight of said 12 phase belts being likewise connected to each other to form two other phase windings, the three phase windings having correspondingly numbered bar 1 and (2n)'' ends 120 electrical degrees out of phase with each other, said bars being insulated from each other to withstand substantially two turns of voltage.

Claim 34

The armature winding of claim 28 comprising in addition said three phase windings being connected to each other to form a delta connected three phase armature winding by connecting terminal one of one phase winding to terminal (2n)'' of the next phase winding.