US3739085A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Coding technique
Assignee: AB Dick Co
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Filing: 1971-07-09
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Granted: 1973-06-12
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Expires: 1991-07-09
Abstract
Abstract A coding technique particularly suited for run length coding of facsimile signals and operative to provide binary symbol codes of successively larger code word size as necessary to describe the numerical equivalent of the run length of each facsimile signal of the same reflectivity characteristic. In certain code words specific bit arrangements are reserved from use in describing the run length so that these reserved bit arrangements can be used to indicate the necessity of proceeding to a subsequent, generally larger, code word to completely describe that run length. When a code word is ultimately reached with sufficient size to numerically describe or finish the description of a run length, that code word will contain the binary equivalent of the numerical run length, or remainder thereof, and indicate subsequent run length coding is to represent an opposite reflectivity characteristic in the facsimile signal. The coding scheme, that is the succession of different code word sizes, is tailored to each reflectivity characteristic to provide a more efficient coding scheme.
Inventors
- 👤 G Rosen
- 👤 P Epstein
- 👤 R Wernikoff
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 17:05
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04N; H04N1/00; H04N1/41; H04N1/411; H04N1/413; H04N1/419
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 29
Claim 1
Independent Claim
264 words
A system for encoding sequences of different messages where each message comprises a succession of input signals and has one characteristic from a plurality of characteristics for said messages, said system having in combination: means for receiving a message; coding means responsive to said received message to provide coding thereof according to at least first and second selectively operable encoding schemes; the first encoding scheme being normally operative and providing encoding of said received message in the first code word vocabulary containing one or more code words reserved to indicate a received message having predetermined ones of said plurality of characteristics; the second encoding scheme including said first encoding scheme and being alternatively operative to include coding of said received message in a second code word vocabulary more appropriate than the first code word vocabulary for the encoding of said received message with said predetermined characteristics; means responsive to reception of a message without said predetermined characteristics for causing said coding means to encode said message without said predetermined characteristics according to said first coding scheme in said first code word vocabulary; means responsive to reception of a message with said predetermined characteristics for causing said coding means to produce one of said one or more reserved code words as an indication of reception of a message with said predetermined characteristics; and means for shifting the coding means from its first to its second encoding scheme in response to reception of a message with said predetermined characteristics in order to encode said received message with said predetermined characteristics in said second code word vocabulary.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
264 words
A system for encoding sequences of different messages where each message comprises a succession of input signals and has one characteristic from a plurality of characteristics for said messages, said system having in combination: means for receiving a message; coding means responsive to said received message to provide coding thereof according to at least first and second selectively operable encoding schemes; the first encoding scheme being normally operative and providing encoding of said received message in the first code word vocabulary containing one or more code words reserved to indicate a received message having predetermined ones of said plurality of characteristics; the second encoding scheme including said first encoding scheme and being alternatively operative to include coding of said received message in a second code word vocabulary more appropriate than the first code word vocabulary for the encoding of said received message with said predetermined characteristics; means responsive to reception of a message without said predetermined characteristics for causing said coding means to encode said message without said predetermined characteristics according to said first coding scheme in said first code word vocabulary; means responsive to reception of a message with said predetermined characteristics for causing said coding means to produce one of said one or more reserved code words as an indication of reception of a message with said predetermined characteristics; and means for shifting the coding means from its first to its second encoding scheme in response to reception of a message with said predetermined characteristics in order to encode said received message with said predetermined characteristics in said second code word vocabulary.
Claim 3
Independent Claim
212 words
A system for encoding a sequence of messages, each having one or more of a plurality of characteristics, in coded representations of one or more code words selected, according to the characteristics of the messages to be encoded, from a plurality of code word vocabularies which relate said messages to said coded representations, said system comprising: means for receiving a message for encoding; means responsive to a received message for selecting one or more of said plurality of said code word vocabularies in accordance with said characteristics of said received message and operative to select at least one predetermined code word vocabulary for an initial message representing code word and means for encoding said received message into coded representations of one or more code words according to the selected one or more code word vocabularies for said message; said at least one of said plurality of code word vocabularies having at least one predetermined code word reserved as an indication of the use of a further code word vocabulary for encoding a message; the one or more code word vocabularies selected for said message being selected to identify the one or more code word vocabularies successively used in the coded representation for said message as well as to indicate the message encoded.
Claim 4
Independent Claim
212 words
A system for encoding a sequence of messages, each having one or more of a plurality of characteristics, in coded representations of one or more code words selected, according to the characteristics of the messages to be encoded, from a plurality of code word vocabularies which relate said messages to said coded representations, said system comprising: means for receiving a message for encoding; means responsive to a received message for selecting one or more of said plurality of said code word vocabularies in accordance with said characteristics of said received message and operative to select at least one predetermined code word vocabulary for an initial message representing code word and means for encoding said received message into coded representations of one or more code words according to the selected one or more code word vocabularies for said message; said at least one of said plurality of code word vocabularies having at least one predetermined code word reserved as an indication of the use of a further code word vocabulary for encoding a message; the one or more code word vocabularies selected for said message being selected to identify the one or more code word vocabularies successively used in the coded representation for said message as well as to indicate the message encoded.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
43 words
The system for encoding a sequence of different messages of claim 2 wherein said code selecting means selects the one or more code word vocabularies for each said message to provide for economy in the coded representations necessary to specify each said message.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
98 words
The system for encoding a sequence of different messages of claim 2 wherein: said messages are of at least first and second types having respectively first and second pluralities of characteristics; means are provided for detecting the type of each said received message; said selecting means provides a different code word vocabulary for each said message type for encoding the first code word in the coded representation thereof; and said selected first code word vocabularies have at least one code word reserved as an indication of the use of a further code word vocabulary for encoding a message.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
302 words
A system for encoding messages of a sequence of messages into a coded representation of one or more code words each selected from one of a plurality of code word vocabularies, said system comprising: means for receiving said sequence of messages to be encoded; means for encoding predetermined ones of said received messages into a representation beginning with a code word selected from a specific code word vocabulary from among said plurality of code word vocabularies; means for determining whether or not each of said predetermined messages can be entirely represented by a code word from said specific code word vocabulary; means, responsive to the determination that a predetermined message can be entirely represented by a code word from said specific code word vocabulary, for causing the encoding of that predetermined message in that code word from said specific code word vocabulary; means, responsive to a determination that a predetermined message cannot be entirely represented by a code word from said specific code word vocabulary, for selecting one or more additional code word vocabularies to provide one or more code words therefrom to represent that predetermined message; said specific code word vocabulary having one or more code words reserved to indicate the use of one or more further code words to provide a coded representation of each said predetermined messages; and means, responsive to the determination that a predetermined message cannot be represented entirely by a code word from said specific code word vocabulary, for providing as the first code word for that predetermined message a reserved code word indicating the use of a further code word and for providing one or more further code words to represent that predetermined message in accordance with the fuRther one or more code word vocabularies selected to complete the coded representation of that predetermined message.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
302 words
A system for encoding messages of a sequence of messages into a coded representation of one or more code words each selected from one of a plurality of code word vocabularies, said system comprising: means for receiving said sequence of messages to be encoded; means for encoding predetermined ones of said received messages into a representation beginning with a code word selected from a specific code word vocabulary from among said plurality of code word vocabularies; means for determining whether or not each of said predetermined messages can be entirely represented by a code word from said specific code word vocabulary; means, responsive to the determination that a predetermined message can be entirely represented by a code word from said specific code word vocabulary, for causing the encoding of that predetermined message in that code word from said specific code word vocabulary; means, responsive to a determination that a predetermined message cannot be entirely represented by a code word from said specific code word vocabulary, for selecting one or more additional code word vocabularies to provide one or more code words therefrom to represent that predetermined message; said specific code word vocabulary having one or more code words reserved to indicate the use of one or more further code words to provide a coded representation of each said predetermined messages; and means, responsive to the determination that a predetermined message cannot be represented entirely by a code word from said specific code word vocabulary, for providing as the first code word for that predetermined message a reserved code word indicating the use of a further code word and for providing one or more further code words to represent that predetermined message in accordance with the fuRther one or more code word vocabularies selected to complete the coded representation of that predetermined message.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
179 words
The system for coding messages of a sequence of messages of claim 5 wherein: the specific code word vocabulary includes a plurality of code words reserved to indicate the use of respective, different one or more further code word vocabularies to complete the coded representation of said predetermined ones of said received messages; means are provided, operative in response to a determination that said predetermined messages cannot be entirely represented by a code word from said specific code word vocabulary, for selecting which of said one or more further code word vocabularies is to be used to complete the coded representation of said predetermined messages; means are provided to produce as said first code word the code word reserved in said specific code word vocabulary to indicate the use of the further one or more code word vocabularies selected for use in completing the coded representation of said predetermined messages; and means are provided for choosing code words from said further one or more code word vocabularies selected for use in completing the coded representation of said predetermined messages.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
64 words
The system for coding messages of a sequence of messages of claim 5 wherein: the coded representations for said predetermined messages consist of a sequence of symbols; and said means for encoding and for providing said first code word or said first and further code words is operative to provide for economy of symbols in the coded representation for each of said predetermined messages.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
48 words
The system for coding messages of a sequence of messages of claim 7 wherein: each said message consists of a number of identical binary input symbols; and said plurality of code word vocabularies comprise binary symbols representing the number of identical binary symbols in each said predetermined message.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
68 words
The system for coding messages of a sequence of messages of claim 8 wherein: said messages are of first and second predetermined types corresponding to the symbol type of each message; and the first code words for the coded representations of said first and second predetermined message types are chosen from said first and second different, specific code word vocabularies from among said plurality of code word vocabularies.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
217 words
A system for encoding messages in one or more code words chosen from a plurality of code word vocabularies, said system comprising: means for receiving a message to be encoded; said plurality of code word vocabularies being of different code word sizes; one or more of said plurality of code word vocabularies including one or more code word vocabularies of relatively smaller code word size having at least one code word reserved to indicate that the coded representation for a message continues beyond said reserved code word to one or more code words selected from code word vocabularies specified by said reserved code word; means for providing a first code word for said received message from a code word vocabulary containing a reserved code word; and means for developing the coded representation for said received message according to predetermined encoding criteria to produce economy in the coded representation for said message, with all of the one or more code words in the coded representation generally proceeding in code word size from smaller to larger and being either a reserved code word to indicate the use of a subsequent code word from an indicated code word vocabulary for the coded representation or a code word indicated for use by a previous, reserved code word in the coded representation.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
217 words
A system for encoding messages in one or more code words chosen from a plurality of code word vocabularies, said system comprising: means for receiving a message to be encoded; said plurality of code word vocabularies being of different code word sizes; one or more of said plurality of code word vocabularies including one or more code word vocabularies of relatively smaller code word size having at least one code word reserved to indicate that the coded representation for a message continues beyond said reserved code word to one or more code words selected from code word vocabularies specified by said reserved code word; means for providing a first code word for said received message from a code word vocabulary containing a reserved code word; and means for developing the coded representation for said received message according to predetermined encoding criteria to produce economy in the coded representation for said message, with all of the one or more code words in the coded representation generally proceeding in code word size from smaller to larger and being either a reserved code word to indicate the use of a subsequent code word from an indicated code word vocabulary for the coded representation or a code word indicated for use by a previous, reserved code word in the coded representation.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
237 words
A coded communication system for communicating coded representations of a sequence of messages, said system comprising: means for receiving a message to be coded for communication; means for encoding a received message in a coded Representation of one or more code words selected from a plurality of code word vocabularies and having means for selecting a first code word for said coded representation from a specific one of said plurality of code word vocabularies; said specific code word vocabulary providing code words corresponding to predetermined characteristics of said received message and further providing one or more reserved code words indicating the use of one or more subsequent code words to complete the coded representation of said message in the case where said predetermined characteristics are absent; said encoding means including means for completely encoding said message having said predetermined characteristics with the appropriate first code word selected from said specific code word vocabulary to represent said message; said encoding means further including means for detecting when said message lacks said predetermined characteristics and for encoding that message in a first code word from said specific code word vocabulary indicating the use of one or more subsequent code words and code word vocabularies for completing the coded representation and for providing said one or more subsequent code words to complete the coding with economy in the coded representation; and means for transmitting the coded representation of said message.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
237 words
A coded communication system for communicating coded representations of a sequence of messages, said system comprising: means for receiving a message to be coded for communication; means for encoding a received message in a coded Representation of one or more code words selected from a plurality of code word vocabularies and having means for selecting a first code word for said coded representation from a specific one of said plurality of code word vocabularies; said specific code word vocabulary providing code words corresponding to predetermined characteristics of said received message and further providing one or more reserved code words indicating the use of one or more subsequent code words to complete the coded representation of said message in the case where said predetermined characteristics are absent; said encoding means including means for completely encoding said message having said predetermined characteristics with the appropriate first code word selected from said specific code word vocabulary to represent said message; said encoding means further including means for detecting when said message lacks said predetermined characteristics and for encoding that message in a first code word from said specific code word vocabulary indicating the use of one or more subsequent code words and code word vocabularies for completing the coded representation and for providing said one or more subsequent code words to complete the coding with economy in the coded representation; and means for transmitting the coded representation of said message.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
101 words
The coded communication system of claim 11 further including: means for receiving the transmitted coded representation; means for detecting in the received coded representation a reserved code word indicating use of one or more subsequent code words for completing the coded representation; means operative in response to a detected reserved code word for decoding the received coded representation from the received first code word and indicated one or more subsequent code words thereof; and means operative in the absence of detection of a reserved code word in said received coded representation for decoding the first code word to provide said message.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
212 words
A system for run length coding a sequence of binary input symbols including: means for counting in binary symbols the number of consecutive, identical binary input symbols in a run length; coding means operative in association with said counting means for representing a run length by its run length count of identical symbols, said count being indicated by binary symbols in one or more code words selected from a plurality of code word vocabularies; means for beginning the coded representation of a run length count with a first code word selected from a particular code word vocabulary having one or more code words reserved to indicate the use of one or more additional code word vocabularies from among said plurality of vocabularies for completing the coded representation beyond said first code word; control means for determining when a run length count requires more than said first code word for its coded representation and for resultingly selecting the code word vocabularies for the one or more code words subsequent to said first code word from said one or more additional code word vocabularies thereby to provide for economy of binary symbols in said coded representation; and output means for accepting a plurality of binary symbols of the coded representation of a run length.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
212 words
A system for run length coding a sequence of binary input symbols including: means for counting in binary symbols the number of consecutive, identical binary input symbols in a run length; coding means operative in association with said counting means for representing a run length by its run length count of identical symbols, said count being indicated by binary symbols in one or more code words selected from a plurality of code word vocabularies; means for beginning the coded representation of a run length count with a first code word selected from a particular code word vocabulary having one or more code words reserved to indicate the use of one or more additional code word vocabularies from among said plurality of vocabularies for completing the coded representation beyond said first code word; control means for determining when a run length count requires more than said first code word for its coded representation and for resultingly selecting the code word vocabularies for the one or more code words subsequent to said first code word from said one or more additional code word vocabularies thereby to provide for economy of binary symbols in said coded representation; and output means for accepting a plurality of binary symbols of the coded representation of a run length.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
122 words
The system for run length coding of claim 13 further including: a communication channel operative to transmit code word symbols at a predetermined rate; said counting means being operative to count up to a predetermined number of consecutive identical binary input symbols in a run length; said output means supplying code word symbols to said communication channel at said predetermined rate; means operative in association with said output means for producing an empty signal in response to at least partial depletion of code word symbols in said output means; and means responsive to said empty signal for causing said counting means to cOunt additional input symbols and the coding means to produce at least an additional code word for said output means.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
128 words
The system for run length coding of claim 13 further including: means for communicating symbols accepted by said output means; means for receiving a coded representation from said communicating means; means for detecting reserved code words in said received one or more code words for said coded representation; means operative in response to detection of a reserved code word for identifying the one or more code words in said coded representation in accordance with the meaning of said reserved code word; and decoding means operative in response to the identified and detected code words of said received coded representation for producing a sequence of identical binary symbols, the number of said identical symbols being determined by the coding of said identified code words in said received coded representation.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
94 words
The system for run length coding of claim 13 wherein: the coding of a run length of one binary symbol type begins with a code word from a first particular code word vocabulary; the coding of a run length of the other binary symbol type begins with a code word from a second particular code word vocabulary; and said first and second particular code word vocabularies each include at least one code word reserved to indicate the use of one or more subsequent code words from different code word vocabularies for each coded representation.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
77 words
The system for run length coding of claim 16 wherein: a reserved code word of said first particular code word vocabulary indicates the next code word in the coded representation is selected from said second particular code word vocabulary; and said second particular code word vocabulary includes a plurality of reserved code words to indicate the use of a plurality of different code word vocabularies for subsequent code words in the coded representation for a run length.
Claim 24
Independent Claim
180 words
A method for coding a message in a coded representation comprising one or more code words selected from a plurality of different code word vocabularies according to characteristics of said message, the method including the steps of: receiving said message; providing coding of said received message with a code word from a first code word vocabulary having at least one code word reserved to indicate a shift to one or more additional code word vocabularies; indicating, in response to predetermined message characteristics, if said received message can be more economically represented by one or more code words from said first code vocabulary word rather than by one or more code words from said additional code word vocabularies; providing coding, in the absence of said indication, with a reserved code word from the first code word vocabulary for the first code word in the coded representation and thereafter providing coding of said received message using said one or more additional code word vocabularies; and providing coding for said received message from said first code word vocabulary in response to said indication.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
180 words
A method for coding a message in a coded representation comprising one or more code words selected from a plurality of different code word vocabularies according to characteristics of said message, the method including the steps of: receiving said message; providing coding of said received message with a code word from a first code word vocabulary having at least one code word reserved to indicate a shift to one or more additional code word vocabularies; indicating, in response to predetermined message characteristics, if said received message can be more economically represented by one or more code words from said first code vocabulary word rather than by one or more code words from said additional code word vocabularies; providing coding, in the absence of said indication, with a reserved code word from the first code word vocabulary for the first code word in the coded representation and thereafter providing coding of said received message using said one or more additional code word vocabularies; and providing coding for said received message from said first code word vocabulary in response to said indication.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
181 words
The method as set forth in claim 18 in which: the first code word vocabulary has at least two code words reserved; the first of said at least two reserved code words indicates a shift to a second code word vocabulary and the second of said at least two reserved code words indicates a shift to a third code word vocabulary; the indicating step determines which code word vocabulary more economically represents the received message; a step is provided for using the first of said reserved code words as the first code word of the coded representation when the received message is indicated to be more economically represented by the second code word vocabulary; a step is provided for using the second of said reserved code words as the first code word of the coded representation when the received message is indicated to be more economically represented by the third code word vocabulary; and a step is provided for thereafter representing the received message according to the code word vocabulary indicated by the reserved code word added to the coded representation.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
107 words
A method for decoding a coded message produced by the method of coding set forth in claim 18, including the steps of: initially decoding the coded message according to the first code word vocabulary; detecting the presence of one of said at least one reserve code words in the first code word initially decoded; and decoding, in response to detection of a reserved code word, the coded message according to which of the additional code word vocabularies is indicated by the detected reserved code word; and decoding the coded message according to the first code word vocabulary in the absence of detection of a reserved code word.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
185 words
Apparatus for coding a message in a coded representation comprising one or more code words selected from a plurality of different code word vocabularies according to characteristics of said message, the apparatus including: means for receiving said message; means for providing coding of said received message with a code word from a first code word vocabulary having at least one code word reserved to indicate a shift to one or more additional code word vocabularies; means for indicating, in response to predetermined message characteristics, if said received message can be more economically represented by one or more code words from said first code word rather than by one or more code words from said additional code word vocabularies; means for providing coding, in the absence of said indication, with a reserved code word from the first code word vocabulary for the first code word in the coded representation and thereafter providing coding of said received message using said one or more additional code word vocabularies; and means for providing coding for said received message from said first code word vocabulary in response to said indication.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
185 words
Apparatus for coding a message in a coded representation comprising one or more code words selected from a plurality of different code word vocabularies according to characteristics of said message, the apparatus including: means for receiving said message; means for providing coding of said received message with a code word from a first code word vocabulary having at least one code word reserved to indicate a shift to one or more additional code word vocabularies; means for indicating, in response to predetermined message characteristics, if said received message can be more economically represented by one or more code words from said first code word rather than by one or more code words from said additional code word vocabularies; means for providing coding, in the absence of said indication, with a reserved code word from the first code word vocabulary for the first code word in the coded representation and thereafter providing coding of said received message using said one or more additional code word vocabularies; and means for providing coding for said received message from said first code word vocabulary in response to said indication.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
No citation records indexed.
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1976-06-11 | 1976-12-11 | 1977-06-12 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1980-06-11 | 1980-12-11 | 1981-06-12 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1984-06-11 | 1984-12-11 | 1985-06-12 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |