US3725684A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Digital/analog linear interpolator
Assignee: Individual
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Filing: 1970-11-13
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Granted: 1973-04-03
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Expires: 1990-11-13
Abstract
Abstract An electronic calculating machine for determination of a desired output quantity z(xe,ye) related to a first input quantity xe variable within limits xo to xn and to a second input quantity ye variable within limits yo to ym. The machine includes a first store storing permanently for each individual one of a series of fixed values xo to xn of the first input quantity the output quantities z(x, y) for a series of fixed values yo to ym of the second input quantity. A reading device is provided for reading out from the first store the output quantities z(x ,y ), z(x 1,y ), z(x , y 1) and z(x 1, y 1). An interpolation device is provided for forming, according to one of two preselected linear interpolation functions, as a first interpolated value one of the values z(x , ye) and z(xe, y ) by linear interpolation between the two output quantities of one of the both pairs of output quantities z(x , y ) and z(x , y 1) and z(x , y ), z(x 1, y ), and as second interpolated value one of the both values z(x 1, ye) and z(xe, y 1) by linear interpolation between one of the both pairs of output guantities z(x 1, y ), Z(x 1, y 1) and z(x ,y 1), z(x 1, y 1) and in conjunction a third interpolated value z(xe, ye)by linear interpolation between the first and second interpolated values. Means are provided for giving out the third interpolated value as the desired output quantity. The calculating machine forms sums and differences in a digital manner and products and quotients in an analog manner.
Inventors
- 👤 R Panschow
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 00:13
CPC Classifications
G; G06; G06F; G06F1/00; G06F1/02; G06F1/03; G06J; G06J1/00
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 17
Claim 1
Independent Claim
560 words
An electronic calculating machine for determination of a desired output quantity z(xe,ye) which is related to a first given input quantity xe variable within the limits xo to xn and to a second given input quantity ye variable within the limits yo to ym, comprising in combination: a first store storing permanently for each individual one of a series of fixed values xo to xn of the first input quantity the output quantities z(x, y) for a series of fixed values yo to ym of the second input quantity; first means including a reading device controlled by the input quantities for reading out from the first store the output quantities z(x , y ) and z(x 1,y ), each related to one of the fixed values x and x 1 lying next below and next above respectively the first input quantity xe and to the fixed value y lying next below the second input quantity ye, and for reading out from the first store the output quantities z(x , y 1) and z(x 1, y 1) each related to one of the fixed values x and x 1 and to the fixed value y 1 lying next above the second input quantity ye; second means including an interpolation device coupled to said reading device and responsive to said readout for forming, with the aid of the two input quantities xe, yc and of the four fixed values x , x 1, y , y 1 and of the four output quantities z(x , y ), z(x 1, y ), z(x , y 1), z(x 1, y 1) taken from the first store, according to one of the two linear interpolation functions z( xi e, Eta ) z( xi k, Eta ) + Alpha ( xi e -k) and z( xi e, Eta ) z( xi k 1, Eta ) - Alpha ( xi k 1 - xi e), wherein Alpha is equal to ((z( xi k 1, Eta ) - z( xi k, Eta )) divided by ( xi k 1 xi k)) and xi equals one of x and y and k is the respective one of Nu and Mu while Eta equals the other of x and y, as a first interpolated value one of the two values z(x , ye) and z(xe, y ) related to one of the fixed values x and y and to one of the input quantities ye and xe, by linear interpolation between the two output quantities of that one of the two pairs of output quantities z(x ,y ), z(x ,y 1) and z(x ,y ), z(x 1, y ) related to the same fixed value as the first interpolated value and as a second interpolated value that one of the two values z(x 1, ye) and z(xe, y 1) related to the same input quantity as the first interpolated value by linear interpolation between the two output quantities of that one of the two pairs of output quantities z(x 1,y ), z(x 1,y 1) and z(x,y 1), z(x 1, y 1) relates to the same fixed value as the second interpolated value and as a third interpolated value the value z(xe,ye) by linear interpolation between the first and the second interpolated values; said interpolation device including means for giving out the third interpolated value z(xe,ye) as the desired output quantity.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
560 words
An electronic calculating machine for determination of a desired output quantity z(xe,ye) which is related to a first given input quantity xe variable within the limits xo to xn and to a second given input quantity ye variable within the limits yo to ym, comprising in combination: a first store storing permanently for each individual one of a series of fixed values xo to xn of the first input quantity the output quantities z(x, y) for a series of fixed values yo to ym of the second input quantity; first means including a reading device controlled by the input quantities for reading out from the first store the output quantities z(x , y ) and z(x 1,y ), each related to one of the fixed values x and x 1 lying next below and next above respectively the first input quantity xe and to the fixed value y lying next below the second input quantity ye, and for reading out from the first store the output quantities z(x , y 1) and z(x 1, y 1) each related to one of the fixed values x and x 1 and to the fixed value y 1 lying next above the second input quantity ye; second means including an interpolation device coupled to said reading device and responsive to said readout for forming, with the aid of the two input quantities xe, yc and of the four fixed values x , x 1, y , y 1 and of the four output quantities z(x , y ), z(x 1, y ), z(x , y 1), z(x 1, y 1) taken from the first store, according to one of the two linear interpolation functions z( xi e, Eta ) z( xi k, Eta ) + Alpha ( xi e -k) and z( xi e, Eta ) z( xi k 1, Eta ) - Alpha ( xi k 1 - xi e), wherein Alpha is equal to ((z( xi k 1, Eta ) - z( xi k, Eta )) divided by ( xi k 1 xi k)) and xi equals one of x and y and k is the respective one of Nu and Mu while Eta equals the other of x and y, as a first interpolated value one of the two values z(x , ye) and z(xe, y ) related to one of the fixed values x and y and to one of the input quantities ye and xe, by linear interpolation between the two output quantities of that one of the two pairs of output quantities z(x ,y ), z(x ,y 1) and z(x ,y ), z(x 1, y ) related to the same fixed value as the first interpolated value and as a second interpolated value that one of the two values z(x 1, ye) and z(xe, y 1) related to the same input quantity as the first interpolated value by linear interpolation between the two output quantities of that one of the two pairs of output quantities z(x 1,y ), z(x 1,y 1) and z(x,y 1), z(x 1, y 1) relates to the same fixed value as the second interpolated value and as a third interpolated value the value z(xe,ye) by linear interpolation between the first and the second interpolated values; said interpolation device including means for giving out the third interpolated value z(xe,ye) as the desired output quantity.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
26 words
A calculating machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the output quantities z(xo,yo) to z(xn,ym) are stored in form of digital values in the first store.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
94 words
A calculating machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the output quantities are stored in at least one marked zone of the first store in the form of integer-multiples of their real values, said means for giving out including a line over which the third interpolation value is lead in the form of an impulse series and at least one impulse frequency divider switchable into said line thereby causing an impulse division factor corresponding to said integer of said integer-multiple, said switching in of said pulse frequency divider being controlled by said zone markings.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
29 words
A calculating machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first store comprises a replaceable information carrier, thus permitting change of the relationship between the output and input quantities.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
36 words
A calculating machine as claimed in claim 4, wherein the output quantities are stored on the replaceable information carrier in form of binary groups and the information carrier has transparent and opaque areas as binary positions.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
171 words
A calculating machine as claimed in claim 4, wherein the replaceable information carrier has the form of a flat information carrier on which the output quantities z(xo,yo) to z(xn,ym) are stored in form of a plurality of lines arranged one below the other and of a plurality of columns arranged one beside the other, each line comprising all output quantities related to a certain one of the fixed values of one of the two input quantities and to all the fixed values of the other of the two input quantities, the output quantities being arranged on each line in the succession of said fixed values of the other of the two input quantities, and eaCh column comprising all output quantities related to a certain one of the fixed values of said other of the input quantities and to all the fixed values of said one of the input quantities, the output quantities being arranged on each column in the succession of said fixed values of said one of the input quantities.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
206 words
A calculating machine as claimed in claim 6, wherein the reading device comprises a number of groups of reading members arranged relatively to each other in one of the two directions comprising line direction and column direction, each group of reading members being adapted to read one output quantity and all groups of reading members together being adapted to read all output quantities related to a certain one of the fixed values of one of the two input quantities, said first means further including control means for the reading device comprising firstly a first coordinator and a motor controlled by said first coordinator for moving the information carrier relatively to the reading members in the other of said two directions and for applying the two series of output quantities related to one of the two pairs of fixed values x , x 1 and y , y 1, one series after the other, to the reading members, said control means comprising secondly a second coordinator and a gate circuit controlled by said second coordinator for connecting the two groups of reading members related to the other of said two pairs of fixed values x , x 1 and y , y 1 to the interpolation device.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
196 words
A calculating machine as claimed in claim 6, wherein the reading device comprises four groups of reading members, each said group being adapted to read one output quantity and said groups together being adapted to read two output quantities occurring one after the other in the same line and the two output quantities in the said columns of the next line, said first means further including control means for the reading device and first comprising a first coordinator and a first motor controlled by said first coordinator for moving the information carrier relatively to the reading member in the column direction and for applying the line of output quantities related to one of the both fixed values x and y to the two groups of reading members forming the first line of reading members and second comprising a second coordinator and a second motor controlled by said second coordinator for moving the information carrier relatively to the reading members in the line direction and for applying the column of output quantities related to the other of both fixed values x and y to the two groups of reading members forming the first column of reading members.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
130 words
A calculating machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the output quantities permanently stored in the first store are related to fixed values xo to xn of the first input quantity following one another in equal intervals Delta x x 1 - x and to fixed values yo to ym of the second input quantity following one another in equal intervals Delta y y 1 - y so that the divisor ( xi k 1 - xi k) in the quotient ((z( xi k 1, eta ) - z( xi k, eta ) ) Nu ( xi k 1 - xi k)) forming said factor a is a constant which is independent of k and equals Delta x for xi representing x and equals Delta y for xi representing y.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
453 words
A calculating machine as claimed in claim 9, further including input means for receiving the analog input quantity xe and the analog input quantity ye; at least one analog/digital converter coupled to said input means for converting the analog input quantities into multi-digit digital values; means coupled to said converter for splitting, in a similar maNner as the splitting of a decimal fraction by a decimal point into a whole number having at least one digit and the decimal places, each of the multi-digit digital values into a digital coarse value formed by at least one significant digit and a digital fine value formed by the remainder of the digits of said multi-digit digital value; said output quantities permanently stored in the first store being each related firstly to one of the fixed values xo to xn which follow one another at equal intervals Delta x, each of these intervals Delta x corresponding to one unit of the least significant digit of the digital coarse value of the first input quantity, said output quantities being each related secondly to one of the fixed values yo to ym which follow one another at equal intervals Delta y, each of these invervals Delta y corresponding to one unit of the least significant digit of the digital coarse value of the second input quantity, where n is equal to the maximum value of the digital coarse value of the first input quantity and m is equal to the maximum value of the digital coarse value of the second input quantity; said first means including control means coupled to the reading device and controlled by the digital coarse values of said first and second input quantifies for setting the reading device, with a digital coarse value of the first input quantity and a digital coarse value of the second input quantity, one of the two series of output quantities related to one of the two pairs of fixed values x , y 1 and y , y 1 , said control means including a first coordinator for carrying out said setting, said control means further including a second coordinator for then extracting from these two series of output quantities the two pairs of output quantities related to the other of said two pairs of fixed values x , x 1 and y , y 1; said first means also including means for transferring to the interpolation device the extracted pairs of output quantities from said control means and further the digital fine value of the first input quantity formed by the digital value of the difference (xe-x) and the digital fine value of the second input quantity formed by the digital value of the difference (ye-y ).
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
14 words
A calculating machine as claimed in claim 10, wherein n is equal to m.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
16 words
A calculating machine as claimed in claim 10, wherein Delta x is equal to Delta y.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
315 words
A calculating machine as claimed in claim 12, in which said analog/digital converter is arranged for firstly converting the analog value of the one input quantity and secondly converting the analog values of the other input quantity into multi-unit digital values as well as for storing the finally obtained multi-unit digital value until its further manipulation within the calculating machine; said first means including first connecting means between the coarse value positions of the digital output of the analog/digital converter and the input of the first coordinator for the transfer of the digital coarse value of the multi-unit digital value secondly determined by the analog/digital converter to the first coordinator; said means for splitting including a second store for storing the multi-unit digital value firstly determined by the analog/digital converter as well as for storing the digital fine value of the multi-unit digital value secondly determined by the analog/digital converter after the storing of the multi-unit digital value firstly determined by the analog/digital converter; said first means further including second connecting means between the digital output of the analog/digital converter and the input of the second store for transferring from the analog/digital converter to the second store the multi-unit digital value firstly determined by the analog/digital converter and the digital fine value of the multi-unit digital vAlue secondly determined by the analog/digital converter; said first means further including third connecting means between the coarse value positions of the output of the second store and the input of the second coordinator for transferring the digital coarse value of the multi-unit digital value firstly determined by the analog/digital converter to the second coordinator; said means for transferring including fourth connecting means between the fine value positions of the output of the second store and the interpolation device for transferring the fine digital values of the multi-unit digital values determined by the analog/digital converter to the interpolation device.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
378 words
A calculating machine as claimed in claim 10, wherein the interpolation device includes the following elements a receiver/transfer circuit connected with the means for transferring the pairs of output quantities extracted from the first store; a first backward counter having a setting input connected with the receiver/transfer circuit, into which first backward counter the smaller value of a pair of values forming the interpolating limits of the interpolation being carried out is transferred by the receiver/transfer circuit; a second backward counter having a setting input connected with the receiver/transfer circuit, into which second backward counter the large value of a pair of values forming the interpolating limits of the interpolation being carried out is transferred by the receiver/transfer circuit; a first forward counter having an output connected with the receiver/transfer circuit, for determining the interpolation value of the interpolation being carried out; a third store having an input connected with the output of the first forward counter and having an output connected with the receiver/transfer circuit for storing the first interpolation value during the determination of the second interpolation value; a second forward counter, an interpolator for the production of a step voltage increasing linearly with the state of count of the second forward counter; connecting means between a first control input of the interpolator, provided for setting the mean increase of the step voltage, and the output of the second backward counter as well as between a second control input of the interpolator, provided for the step-by-step increment of the step voltage, and the output of the second forward counter; a digital/analog converter having an input connected with the means for transferring the digital fine values of the first and second input quantities; a comparator having one input connected with the output of the interpolator and another input connected with the output of the digital/analog converter, for comparing the output step voltage of the interpolator with the output voltage of the digital/analog converter; and a control circuit including a counting pulse generator, which control circuit is connected with the output of the comparator and with the counting inputs of the both forward counters and of the both backward counters and with the output of the first backward counter and with a control input of the receiver/transfer circuit.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
48 words
A calculating machine as claimed in claim 14, wherein the interpolator comprises a voltage amplifier with variable amplification factor and variable input voltage, the amplification factor of which is adjustable by the second backward counter and the input voltage of which is adjustable by the second forward counter.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
65 words
A calculating machine as claimed in claim 14, wherein the control circuit comprises means for connecting at the beginning of the formation of the third interpolation value an output lead in parallel with the counting input of the first forward counter over which the third interpolation value forming the desired output quantity is deliverable out of the calculating machine in form of an impulse series.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1976-04-02 | 1976-10-02 | 1977-04-03 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1980-04-02 | 1980-10-02 | 1981-04-03 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1984-04-02 | 1984-10-02 | 1985-04-03 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |