Acid nickel electroplating
Abstract
Abstract PRIMARY BRIGHTENERS FOR ACID NICKEL ELECTROPLATING BATHS AND PROCESS ARE PROVIDED. THE PRIMARY BRIGHTENER ADDITIVES ARE ACRYLATES SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF (1) AN ACRYLATE MONOMER OF THE FORMULA: CH2=C(-R)-COO-CNH2N-N+(-R'')2-R" X(-) WHEREIN R IS METHYL OR HYDROGEN, N IS A POSITIVE WHOLE INTEGER OF 1 TO 3 INCLUSIVE, R'' IS ALKYL OF 1 TO 4 CARBON ATOMS, R" IS ALKYL OF 1 TO 4 CARBON ATOMS, -CH2CH=CH2 -CH2C$CH, -CH2COOCH3, -CH2COOC2H3, -CH2COR WHERE R IS AS DEFINED ABOVE, -CH2CONH2, -CH3CN, -CH2CH2OH, -CH2CH2COO- OR -CH2CH3CH2SO3- AND X- IS CH3SO4-, C2H5SO4, HALIDE OR IS ABSENT WHEN R" IS -CH2CH2COO- OR -CH2CH2CH2SO3- (2) A HOMOPOLYMER OF SAID ACRYLATE MONOMER, AND (3) A COPOLYMER OF SAID ACRYLATE MONOMER WITH AT LEAST ONE ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED MONOMER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF AN A,B-ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED MONOCARBOXYLIC ACID, AN ALKYL ESTER OF SAID ACID WHEREIN THE ALKYL GROUP IS FROM 1 TO 4 CARBON ATOMS, ACRYLONITRILE, ACRYLAMIDE, METHACRYLAMIDE, VINYL ACETATE, VINYL SULFONE AND VINYL PYRIDINE, THE MOLAR RATIO OF SAID ACRYLATE MONOMER OF SAID UNSATURATED MONOMER BEING WITHIN THE RANGE OF 0.9:0.1 TO 0.1:0.9.
Inventors
- 👤 J Rushmere
Bibliographic Details
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1976-03-26 | 1976-09-25 | 1977-03-27 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1980-03-26 | 1980-09-25 | 1981-03-27 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1984-03-26 | 1984-09-25 | 1985-03-27 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |