US3720786A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Onal replenishment video encoder with predictive updating19730313
Assignee: AT&T Inc
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Filing: 1971-05-19
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Granted: 1973-03-13
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Expires: 1991-05-19
Abstract
Abstract Each new sample from a video signal is compared with a sample derived from a frame memory having the same spatial point location in the video frame. If a significant difference exists, the new sample replaces the old sample in the frame memory and is stored in a buffer memory. The frame memory is composed of three delay lines connected in tandem having delay values such that the samples preceding and following the center delay line correspond to spatial points above and below the sample being compared. If a significant difference exists and if the buffer memory is filled to a predetermined level, the samples preceding and following the center delay line are also predictively updated with values derived from the value of the new sample. Different functions are used to predictively update during the even and odd fields and greater differences are required to exist before they are deemed to be significant during the even fields in order to avoid the creation of an unstable condition.
Inventors
- 👤 C Cutler
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 23:40
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04N; H04N19/00; H04N19/10; H04N19/134; H04N19/146; H04N19/152; H04N19/50; H04N19/503; H04N21/00; H04N21/20; H04N21/23; H04N21/235
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 18
Claim 1
Independent Claim
187 words
Redundancy reduction apparatus for use with a video signal having intervals called frames and subintervals called fields, said apparatus comprising means for generating samples of said video signal, each of said samples corresponding to a spatial point in a frame interval, frame memory means for storing an entire frame of video samples, means for comparing a generated video sample with a sample from said frame memory means corresponding to the same spatial point, means responsive to said comparing means for generating an energizing signal in response to a difference between said generated sample and said sample from said frame memory means, means responsive to said energIzing signal for changing the value of the sample in said frame memory means corresponding to said same spatial point, a buffer memory means for storing said generated sample in response to said energizing signal, means for counting the number of samples stored in said buffer memory means, and means responsive to said counting means and to said energizing signal for changing the values of samples stored in said frame memory means corresponding to spatial points other than said same spatial point.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
187 words
Redundancy reduction apparatus for use with a video signal having intervals called frames and subintervals called fields, said apparatus comprising means for generating samples of said video signal, each of said samples corresponding to a spatial point in a frame interval, frame memory means for storing an entire frame of video samples, means for comparing a generated video sample with a sample from said frame memory means corresponding to the same spatial point, means responsive to said comparing means for generating an energizing signal in response to a difference between said generated sample and said sample from said frame memory means, means responsive to said energIzing signal for changing the value of the sample in said frame memory means corresponding to said same spatial point, a buffer memory means for storing said generated sample in response to said energizing signal, means for counting the number of samples stored in said buffer memory means, and means responsive to said counting means and to said energizing signal for changing the values of samples stored in said frame memory means corresponding to spatial points other than said same spatial point.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
187 words
Redundancy reduction apparatus for use with a video signal having intervals called frames and subintervals called fields, said apparatus comprising means for generating samples of said video signal, each of said samples corresponding to a spatial point in a frame interval, frame memory means for storing an entire frame of video samples, means for comparing a generated video sample with a sample from said frame memory means corresponding to the same spatial point, means responsive to said comparing means for generating an energizing signal in response to a difference between said generated sample and said sample from said frame memory means, means responsive to said energIzing signal for changing the value of the sample in said frame memory means corresponding to said same spatial point, a buffer memory means for storing said generated sample in response to said energizing signal, means for counting the number of samples stored in said buffer memory means, and means responsive to said counting means and to said energizing signal for changing the values of samples stored in said frame memory means corresponding to spatial points other than said same spatial point.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
187 words
Redundancy reduction apparatus for use with a video signal having intervals called frames and subintervals called fields, said apparatus comprising means for generating samples of said video signal, each of said samples corresponding to a spatial point in a frame interval, frame memory means for storing an entire frame of video samples, means for comparing a generated video sample with a sample from said frame memory means corresponding to the same spatial point, means responsive to said comparing means for generating an energizing signal in response to a difference between said generated sample and said sample from said frame memory means, means responsive to said energIzing signal for changing the value of the sample in said frame memory means corresponding to said same spatial point, a buffer memory means for storing said generated sample in response to said energizing signal, means for counting the number of samples stored in said buffer memory means, and means responsive to said counting means and to said energizing signal for changing the values of samples stored in said frame memory means corresponding to spatial points other than said same spatial point.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
45 words
Redundancy reduction apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said means for changing the values of samples stored in said frame memory means includes means for coupling a predetermined portion of the difference between said generated sample and said sample into said frame memory means.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
35 words
Redundancy reduction apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said means for changing the values of samples stored in said frame memory means includes means for coupling said generated sample into said frame memory means.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
98 words
Redundancy reduction apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said apparatus further includes a means responsive to said video signal for indicating at least two different field subintervals; and said means for changing the values of samples stored in said frame memory means includes means for coupling a predetermined portion of said difference between said generated sample and said sample from said frame memory means into said frame memory means when one of said field subintervals is indicated, and means for coupling said generated sample into said frame memory means when another of said field subintervals is indicated.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
51 words
Redundancy reduction apparatus as defined in claim 4 wherein said means for generating an energizing signal is a threshold circuit responsive to said means for indicating at least two different field subintervals, whereby larger differences are required to exist during one of said field subintervals before an energizing signal is produced.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
27 words
Redundancy reduction apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said frame memory means includes at least a first, second and third delay circuit means connected in tandem.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
47 words
Redundancy reduction apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein said means for changing the values of samples stored in said frame memory means includes means for adding a fractional part of said difference to samples available at the output of said first and second delay circuit means.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
43 words
Redundancy reduction apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein said means for changing the values of samples stored in said frame memory means includes means for replacing samples at the outputs of said first and second delay circuit means by said generated sample.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
111 words
Redundancy reduction apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein the apparatus further includes a means responsive to said video signal for indicating at least two different field subintervals; and said means for changing the values of samples stored in said frame memory means includes means for adding a fractional part of said difference to samples available at the output of said first and second delay circuit means in response to an energizing signal during one of said field subintervals, and means for replacing samples at the outputs of said first and second delay circuit means by said generated sample in response to an energizing signal during another of said field subintervals.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
50 words
Redundancy reduction apparatus as defined in claim 9 wherein said means for generating an energizing signal is a threshold circuit responsive to said means for indicating at least two different field subintervals whereby larger differences are required during at least one of said field subintervals to produce an energizing signal.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
157 words
A conditional replenishment video encoder for use with a video signal having frame intervals during which the amplitude of the video signal represents the information present at a plurality of spatial points, said encoder comprising means for sampling said video signal, fraMe memory means for storing an entire frame of video samples, means for comparing each newly generated sample with a corresponding sample from said frame memory means having the same spatial point location, buffer memory means for storing said newly generated sample in response to an indication from said comparing means that a significant difference exists, means responsive to said comparing means and to said buffer memory means for changing the values of samples stored in said frame memory means which correspond both to said same spatial point and to at least one spatial point other than said same spatial point when the buffer memory means is storing in excess of a predetermined number of samples.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
157 words
A conditional replenishment video encoder for use with a video signal having frame intervals during which the amplitude of the video signal represents the information present at a plurality of spatial points, said encoder comprising means for sampling said video signal, fraMe memory means for storing an entire frame of video samples, means for comparing each newly generated sample with a corresponding sample from said frame memory means having the same spatial point location, buffer memory means for storing said newly generated sample in response to an indication from said comparing means that a significant difference exists, means responsive to said comparing means and to said buffer memory means for changing the values of samples stored in said frame memory means which correspond both to said same spatial point and to at least one spatial point other than said same spatial point when the buffer memory means is storing in excess of a predetermined number of samples.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
48 words
An encoder as defined in claim 11 wherein the means for changing values of samples in said frame memory means includes means for coupling a portion of the difference between said newly generated sample and said sample stored in said frame memory means into said frame memory means.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
50 words
An encoder as defined in claim 11 wherein said means for changing the values of samples in said memory means includes means for coupling said newly generated sample into said frame memory means to change the value of said at least one spatial point other than said same spatial point.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
99 words
An encoder as defined in claim 11 wherein the video signal has at least two field subintervals and the encoder further includes a means for indicating which one of the two field subintervals is presently represented by said video signal, and the means for changing the values of samples in said frame memory means is responsive to said field indicating means whereby a predetermined part of said difference is coupled into said frame memory means during one field subinterval and said newly generated sample is coupled into said frame memory means during the other one of said field subintervals.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3553361A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1976-03-12 | 1976-09-11 | 1977-03-13 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1980-03-12 | 1980-09-11 | 1981-03-13 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1984-03-12 | 1984-09-11 | 1985-03-13 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |