US3697778A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Integrating circuit
Assignee: Tektronix Inc
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Filing: 1971-03-17
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Granted: 1972-10-10
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Expires: 1991-03-17
Abstract
Abstract An operational amplifier integrating circuit, which has a substantially constant voltage at the input of its amplifier and a pair of normally cut off diodes connected back to back in series between the input and output of such amplifier, integrates each waveform of a series of repeated waveforms. A control pulse applied between these diodes terminates the integration at the end of each waveform and integration starts again at the end of the control pulse. Each control pulse turns on one of the diodes to clamp the control pulse voltage at the amplifier output voltage plus the drop across such diode. The second diode is the emitter-base junction of a transistor having its emitter connected to the input of the amplifier. If the output voltage of the amplifier has a polarity with respect to the amplifier input voltage which is the same as that of the control pulse, the second diode also turns on and the integrating capacitor rapidly discharges through the emitter-base junction of the transistor to produce an output pulse at the collector of the transistor which varies with the difference between the input and output voltages of the amplifier at the end of the integration. A further circuit utilizes this pulse to deliver to the input of the amplifier during the next integration a substantially constant current which causes the output voltage of the amplifier at the end of such integration to be the same as its input voltage.
Inventors
- 👤 Ronald A Olson
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 23:49
CPC Classifications
G; G06; G06G; G06G7/00; G06G7/12; G06G7/18; G06G7/184; G06G7/186
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 8
Claim 1
Independent Claim
148 words
An integration circuit for successively integrating the waveforms of a series of repeated waveforms, which comprises: integrating means for said waveforms providing an axis of integration for said waveforms; control means for starting said integrating means at a selected point on each of said waveforms to start an integrated waveform at said axis and stopping said integrating at the end of an integrating period to produce an integrated waveform during said period; means responsive to a difference voltage between said axis and the voltage of the integrated waveform at the end of said integrating period for effectively shifting the waveforms being integrated relative to said axis of integration to cause the voltage of the integrated waveform at the end of said integration of a subsequent waveform to be substantially the same as the voltage of the integrated waveform at the beginning of said integration of said subsequent waveform.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
148 words
An integration circuit for successively integrating the waveforms of a series of repeated waveforms, which comprises: integrating means for said waveforms providing an axis of integration for said waveforms; control means for starting said integrating means at a selected point on each of said waveforms to start an integrated waveform at said axis and stopping said integrating at the end of an integrating period to produce an integrated waveform during said period; means responsive to a difference voltage between said axis and the voltage of the integrated waveform at the end of said integrating period for effectively shifting the waveforms being integrated relative to said axis of integration to cause the voltage of the integrated waveform at the end of said integration of a subsequent waveform to be substantially the same as the voltage of the integrated waveform at the beginning of said integration of said subsequent waveform.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
26 words
The integrating circuit of claim 1, in which; said integrating means includes amplifier means having a substantially constant input voltage which determines said axis of integration.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
95 words
The integrating circuit of claim 2, in which; said integrating means is an operational amplifier integrating means having an integrating capacitor and providing an output voltage at the beginning of said integration which is the same as the input voltage of said amplifier means; and said means responsive to said difference voltage delivers to said capacitor during the integration of said subsequent waveform a substantially constant current causing the output voltage of said operational amplifier means at the end of said integration of said subsequent waveform to be substantially the same as said input voltage.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
159 words
The integrating circuit of claim 3, in which; said control means includes a pair of diodes connected back to back in series between the input and output of said amplifier means and one of said diodes is the emitter-base junction of a transistor having its emitter connected to the input of said amplifier means; and said control means includes means for delivering a control pulse to the connection between said diodes having a polarity in a direction turning on both said diodes, if there is a difference voltage between the input and output voltages of said amplifier means and said output voltage has the same polarity with respect to said input voltage as said control pulse, to thereby discharge any charge on said capacitor through said one diode and produce an output pulse at the collector of said transistor which varies with said difference voltage; and said means responsive to said output pulse for producing said substantially constant current.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
110 words
The integrating circuit of claim 4, in which; said integrating circuit has a second control means connected in parallel with the first mentioned control means and said two control means are constructed to have voltages of opposite polarity applied thereto so that one or the other of tHe control means will deliver a substantially constant current to the input of said amplifier means which will cause the output voltage of the amplifier means at the end of the integration of said subsequent waveform to be substantially the same as said input voltage irrespective of the polarity of said output voltage at the end of the integration of a previous waveform.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
50 words
The integrating circuit of claim 4, in which; said means responsive to said output pulse contains means for amplifying and reversing the polarity of said output pulse and charging a capacitor and means for discharging the last named capacitor through a resistor connected to the input of said amplifier means.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
39 words
The integrating circuit of claim 6, in which; said integrating circuit contain means for preventing said output voltage of said amplifier means from having a polarity with respect to said input voltage which is opposite to said control pulse.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1975-10-10 | 1976-04-10 | 1976-10-10 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1979-10-10 | 1980-04-10 | 1980-10-10 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1983-10-10 | 1984-04-10 | 1984-10-10 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |