US3696152A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Hydration of nitriles to amides using heterogeneous cupreous catalysts
Assignee: Dow Chemical Co
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Filing: 1970-06-17
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Granted: 1972-10-03
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Expires: 1990-06-17
Abstract
Abstract Cupreous catalysts prepared by reducing a mixture consisting essentially of copper oxide in combination with certain metal oxides have been discovered to be excellent heterogeneous catalysts for the hydration of nitriles to the corresponding amide.
Inventors
- 👤 Clarence E Habermann
- 👤 Mary R Thomas
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 13:37
CPC Classifications
B; B01; B01J; B01J37/00; B01J37/16; B01J37/18; B01J23/00; B01J23/70; B01J23/72
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 16
Claim 1
Independent Claim
35 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the metal oxide is one that is not substantially reduced to the free element and water in the presence of hydrogen at temperatures of about 100* to about 300*C.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 2 wherein the metal oxide is one that is not substantially reduced in the presence of hydrogen at temperatures of about 500*C.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the metal oxide is an oxide of Hg, La, Zr, Cd, Al, Pb, Mg, Fe, Si, W, Th, Ce, Y, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn or mixture thereof.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 4 wherein the metal oxide is an oxide of La, Al, Mg, Mn, Si, Co, Ni, Zn, or mixture thereof.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
36 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the mixture of oxides before reduction to form the catalyst contains more than about 10 percent by weight of copper oxide based on the total weight of the oxide mixture.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the reducing agent is hydrogen.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the reduction is conducted at a temperature of about 50* to about 500*C.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 8 wherein the reduction is conducted at about 100* to about 300*C.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
41 words
The process of claim 1 wherein enough of the reducing agent reacts in the preparation of the catalyst to convert more than about 40 percent of the copper oxide in the mixture of copper oxide and metal oxide to copper metal.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 10 wherein enough reducing agent reacts to convert about 75 percent to about 98 percent of the copper oxide to copper metal.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the nitrile is a hydrocarbon nitrile of up to about 20 carbon atoms.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 12 wherein the nitrile is an olefinic nitrile of three to about six carbon atoms.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 13 wherein the nitrile is acrylonitrile.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the reaction is conducted at a temperature of about 0* to about 400*C.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 15 wherein the temperature of the reaction is about 25* to about 200*C.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the reaction is conducted in the liquid phase.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1975-10-03 | 1976-04-03 | 1976-10-03 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1979-10-03 | 1980-04-03 | 1980-10-03 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1983-10-03 | 1984-04-03 | 1984-10-03 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |