Patent US4330238A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3689129A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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High resolution, redundant coherent wave imaging apparatus employing pinhole array
Assignee: Individual
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Filing: 1971-04-14
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Granted: 1972-09-05
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Expires: 1991-04-14
Abstract
Abstract By properly selecting the distance between a non-scattering object and a matrix of point sources through which the object is illuminated with coherent wave energy, a pinhole array which in itself is capable of providing high redundancy only with low resolution may be made to provide both high redundancy and high resolution. Such apparatus is particularly suitable for recording holograms from transparencies.
Inventors
- 👤 Michael Jay Lurie
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 13:03
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03H; G03H1/00; G03H1/32
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 20
Claim 1
Independent Claim
493 words
Apparatus employing coherent wave energy to illuminate a nonscattering object and to project with a given resolution limit and a given redundancy object-information obtained thereby on a given area of a medium, said apparatus comprising: first means including a wave diffracting member responsive to illumination thereof by an applied given wavefront of coherent wave energy of a preselected wavelength for simultaneously deriving a predetermined matrix of a given number of individual sources of said coherent wave energy arranged in a first given pattern with at least a minimum spacing between any pair of adjacent sources, said minimum spacing being chosen to limit the diffraction by said matrix to an amount which provides an inherent redundancy capability at least equal to said given redundancy but results in the inherent resolution capability of said matrix itself being significantly smaller than said given resolution limit, whereby when said diffraction member is illuminated by said given wavefront of said coherent energy the coherent energy emanating from each respective one of said individual sources interferes with the coherent wave energy emanating from others of said individual sources to provide a spatial distribution of first regions of relative constructive interference separated by second regions of relative destructive interference, the density of any local grouping of said first regions in said distribution being a function of said given wavefront, said preselected wavelength, said given number, said first given pattern, and the location of said local grouping with respect to said matrix; said object being in a given spaced relationship with respect to said matrix which is selected to illuminate said object with the coherent wave energy of at least some of said first regions of only a particular local grouping, said first region of said particular local grouping being arranged in a second pattern characterized by having a given denSity of said first regions such that the spacing between any pair of adjacent ones of said first regions of said particular local grouping is sufficiently smaller than said minimum spacing of said sources of said first pattern to result in said object being sampled by coherent energy of said particular local grouping with a resolution at least equal to said given resolution limit, whereby the coherent energy of each first region of said particular local grouping illuminating said object is modulated by that sample portion of said object which it illuminates, and wherein any noise interference portion of said second pattern projected on said object, which noise interference portion is due to constructive and destructive interference among the individual sources of said wave diffracting member, has no spatial frequency components below said given resolution limit, and second means including said medium arranged to illuminate said medium within said given area thereof simultaneously with at least part of each of a given plurality of diffraction orders of the modulated coherent wave energy emanating from each respective sample portion of said object, said given plurality being sufficient to provide said given redundancy.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
493 words
Apparatus employing coherent wave energy to illuminate a nonscattering object and to project with a given resolution limit and a given redundancy object-information obtained thereby on a given area of a medium, said apparatus comprising: first means including a wave diffracting member responsive to illumination thereof by an applied given wavefront of coherent wave energy of a preselected wavelength for simultaneously deriving a predetermined matrix of a given number of individual sources of said coherent wave energy arranged in a first given pattern with at least a minimum spacing between any pair of adjacent sources, said minimum spacing being chosen to limit the diffraction by said matrix to an amount which provides an inherent redundancy capability at least equal to said given redundancy but results in the inherent resolution capability of said matrix itself being significantly smaller than said given resolution limit, whereby when said diffraction member is illuminated by said given wavefront of said coherent energy the coherent energy emanating from each respective one of said individual sources interferes with the coherent wave energy emanating from others of said individual sources to provide a spatial distribution of first regions of relative constructive interference separated by second regions of relative destructive interference, the density of any local grouping of said first regions in said distribution being a function of said given wavefront, said preselected wavelength, said given number, said first given pattern, and the location of said local grouping with respect to said matrix; said object being in a given spaced relationship with respect to said matrix which is selected to illuminate said object with the coherent wave energy of at least some of said first regions of only a particular local grouping, said first region of said particular local grouping being arranged in a second pattern characterized by having a given denSity of said first regions such that the spacing between any pair of adjacent ones of said first regions of said particular local grouping is sufficiently smaller than said minimum spacing of said sources of said first pattern to result in said object being sampled by coherent energy of said particular local grouping with a resolution at least equal to said given resolution limit, whereby the coherent energy of each first region of said particular local grouping illuminating said object is modulated by that sample portion of said object which it illuminates, and wherein any noise interference portion of said second pattern projected on said object, which noise interference portion is due to constructive and destructive interference among the individual sources of said wave diffracting member, has no spatial frequency components below said given resolution limit, and second means including said medium arranged to illuminate said medium within said given area thereof simultaneously with at least part of each of a given plurality of diffraction orders of the modulated coherent wave energy emanating from each respective sample portion of said object, said given plurality being sufficient to provide said given redundancy.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
39 words
The apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein said medium is a recording medium capable after recording of reconstructing an image of said object with a certain predetermined ultimate resolution limit which is no greater than said given resolution limit.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
91 words
The apparatus defined in claim 2, further including third means for illuminating said entire given area of said medium with a reference beam of said coherent wave energy simultaneously with the illumination thereof with all of said diffraction orders of said modulated coherent wave energy, wherein said reference beam arriving at said medium is angularly displaced with respect to each respective one of said diffraction orders arriving at said medium, whereby a hologram of said object is recorded on said recording medium with said given redundancy and said given resolution limit.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
112 words
The apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein said first means derives a predetermined matrix in which said first given pattern is a regular pattern of a predetermined number of sources with the spacing between any pair of adjacent sources being substantially the same, and wherein said given spaced relationship is selected to provide a regular second pattern in which said first regions of said particular local grouping are concentrated into spaced spots substantially equal in number to a multiple of said predetermined number with the spacing between any pair of adjacent spots in said second pattern being a sub-multiple of the spacing between any pair of adjacent sources in said first pattern.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
37 words
The apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein said diffracting member is a pinhole array arranged in said first given pattern, and wherein each separate pinhole of said array corresponds with a different individual source of said matrix.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
90 words
The apparatus defined in claim 5, wherein the respective pinholes of said array each have given dimensions and wherein adjacent pinholes of said array are spaced a given distance from each other, the value of said given dimensions being selected to provide an angle of diffraction sufficient in size to spread the coherent light emanating from any pinhole of said array over substantially said entire area of said medium and said given distance being chosen to provide at least said given plurality of diffraction orders within said angle of diffraction.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
41 words
The apparatus defined in claim 6, wherein said coherent wave energy is light wave energy, wherein said given dimensions are no greater than 10 microns, and wherein said given distance is at least 5 times as large as said given dimensions.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
18 words
The apparatus defined in claim 7, wherein said given distance is at least ten time said given dimensions.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
47 words
The apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein the given spaced relationship Between said matrix and said object is sufficiently great to result in the coherent wave energy contributing to each one of said first regions of said particular local grouping having originated from many of said sources.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
66 words
The apparatus defined in claim 9, wherein said object is a transparency having certain dimensions, and wherein said given spacing relationship between said matrix and said object is such that said particular local grouping is distributed over an area having dimensions only slightly larger than the certain dimensions of said transparency with said transparency being located wholly within the interior of said particular local grouping area.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
93 words
The apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein said object is spaced a selected distance from said matrix, said selected distance being such that any relative movement between said object and said matrix from said selected distance which either reduces or increases the distance therebetween results in a reduction in redundancy or a decrease in resolution from said given resolution limit or a decrease in any spatial frequency component of any noise interference portion of said second pattern below said given resolution limit, whereby said given redundancy obtained at said selected distance is optimized.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
44 words
The apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein said second means includes a projection lens for projecting said given plurality of diffraction orders of the modulated coherent wave energy emanating from each respective sample portion of said object on said medium within said given area.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
54 words
The apparatus defined in claim 12, wherein said projection lens has a given focal length, said projection lens being positioned intermediate said object and said medium to focus a real image of said object in a given image plane, said medium being oriented with said given area thereof in coincidence with said image plane.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
54 words
The apparatus defined in claim 12, wherein said projection lens has a given focal length, said projection lens being positioned intermediate said object and said medium with said object lying in a focal plane of said lens to thereby project a collimated beam comprising said diffraction orders in said medium within said given area.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
123 words
The apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein said diffracting member comprises a pinhole array and wherein said first means further includes convergent lens means oriented in cooperative relationship with said pinhole array for converging the coherent energy emanating from said pinhole array to crossover in a crossover plane and then to focus an image of said pinhole array in a pinhole-array image plane, and a spatial filter situated in said crossover plane for intercepting the zero order of diffraction of coherent energy from said pinhole array and permitting solely the higher orders of diffraction of coherent energy from said pinhole array to arrive at said image plane, said matrix of point sources being formed by the coherent energy arriving in said image plane.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
175 words
The apparatus defined in claim 15, wherein said lens means includes a first lens having a first given focal length and a second given lens having a second given focal length, said pinhole array being located in a focal plane of said first lens and being illuminated with coherent wave energy having a predetermined degree of divergence to result in coherent wave energy passing through said pinhole array and illuminating said first lens converging and crossing over in a crossover plane located a first certain distance from said first lens on the other side thereof from said pinhole array, said spatial filter being located in said crossover plane in cooperative relationship with said orders of diffraction to pass solely said higher orders, said second lens being situated relative to said first lens beyond said crossover plane by an amount equal to said second focal length, whereby said image of said pinhole array forming said matrix is located in the focal plane of said second lens situated on the oTher side thereof from said crossover plane.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
134 words
The apparatus defined in claim 15, wherein said lens means includes a single lens having a given focal length, said pinhole array being located on one side of said lens at a given distance therefrom which is greater than said focal length and being illuminated with coherent wave energy having a predetermined degree of divergence to result in coherent wave energy passing through said pinhole array and illuminating said lens converging and crossing over in a crossover plane and then being focused into an image of said pinhole array forming said matrix, said matrix being located in an image plane with respect to said lens a certain distance beyond said crossover plane, said spatial filter being located in said crossover plane in cooperative relationship with said diffraction orders to pass solely said higher orders.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
287 words
Apparatus for recording a hologram of a non-scattering object on a recording medium, said hologram being capable of reconstruction with a given resolution limit, comprising: a multiplicity of spaced sources of mutually coherent wave energy arranged in a given matrix pattern having a relatively coarse structure sufficient to provide a given redundancy but insufficient to directly sample said object with a resolution at least equal to said given resolution limit, the sizes of said sources and the spacings between said sources being selected to provide a particular composite wave energy distribution within a given volume of space in proximity to said sources, the distribution of said wave energy within a selected region of said volume spaced a predetermined distance from said matrix pattern forming a first interference pattern having a structure which is relatively fine in comparison with that of said matrix pattern, and means for positioning said object within said region at said predetermined distance from said matrix pattern, so that said object is illuminated by and spatially modulates the wave energy of said finely structured interference pattern, said interference pattern being sufficiently fine to sample said object with a resolution at least equal to said given resolution limit, means for positioning said recording medium in cooperative relationship to said object so that the spatially modulated wave energy emanating from said object illuminates a given area of said recording medium, and means for simultaneously illuminating said recording medium with a reference beam of coherent wave energy which is mutually coherent with said spaced sources and angularly displaced with respect to said spatially modulated wave energy, to form on said medium in cooperation with said spatially modulated wave energy a second interference pattern corresponding to said hologram.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
287 words
Apparatus for recording a hologram of a non-scattering object on a recording medium, said hologram being capable of reconstruction with a given resolution limit, comprising: a multiplicity of spaced sources of mutually coherent wave energy arranged in a given matrix pattern having a relatively coarse structure sufficient to provide a given redundancy but insufficient to directly sample said object with a resolution at least equal to said given resolution limit, the sizes of said sources and the spacings between said sources being selected to provide a particular composite wave energy distribution within a given volume of space in proximity to said sources, the distribution of said wave energy within a selected region of said volume spaced a predetermined distance from said matrix pattern forming a first interference pattern having a structure which is relatively fine in comparison with that of said matrix pattern, and means for positioning said object within said region at said predetermined distance from said matrix pattern, so that said object is illuminated by and spatially modulates the wave energy of said finely structured interference pattern, said interference pattern being sufficiently fine to sample said object with a resolution at least equal to said given resolution limit, means for positioning said recording medium in cooperative relationship to said object so that the spatially modulated wave energy emanating from said object illuminates a given area of said recording medium, and means for simultaneously illuminating said recording medium with a reference beam of coherent wave energy which is mutually coherent with said spaced sources and angularly displaced with respect to said spatially modulated wave energy, to form on said medium in cooperation with said spatially modulated wave energy a second interference pattern corresponding to said hologram.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3582177A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1975-09-05 | 1976-03-06 | 1976-09-05 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1979-09-05 | 1980-03-06 | 1980-09-05 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1983-09-05 | 1984-03-06 | 1984-09-05 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |