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US3676360A Expired / Lapsed US ⏱️ 0.0 years remaining

Liquid scintillators

Assignee: ADIL E SHAMOO
•
Filing: 1971-06-30
•
Granted: 1972-07-11
•
Expires: 1991-06-30
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Abstract

Abstract The counting efficiency of liquid scintillators containing toluene as the solvent for a primary solute or activator and for a secondary solute or spectrum shifter is improved, particularly in the presence of water, for example, when the isotope to be detected is an aqueous solution, by adding to the liquid scintillator a hygroscopic substance which is soluble in toluene in an amount sufficient to absorb and/or emulsify the water that is present. Such hygroscopic additive is preferably cellulosic and may be selected from the group consisting of cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose phosphate, diethylaminoethyl cellulose, benzyl diethylaminoethyl cellulose and epichlorohydrin triethanolamine cellulose. The additive for improving the counting efficiency may advantageously include, apart from the cellulose and/or cellulose derivative, a small amount of sodium or calcium carbonate or bicarbonate. The improvement in counting efficiency resulting from the mentioned addition is particularly large when the scintillators liquid includes alcohol as well as toluene.

Inventors

  • 👤 Adil E Shamoo

Bibliographic Details

Application Number —
Jurisdiction US
Data Source google_patents
Last Synchronized 2026-10-30 13:34
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01T; G01T1/00; G01T1/16; G01T1/20; G01T1/204; G01T1/2042

Claims Analysis

Total Claims: 11
Claim 1
Independent Claim 26 words
A liquid scintillator according to claim 1, in which said amount of the hygroscopic substance is sufficient to provide a saturated solution thereof in said toluene.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim 30 words
A liquid scintillator according to claim 1, in which said amount of the hygroscopic substance is in the range between substantially 1.0 and 10.0 gm. per liter of said toluene.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim 41 words
A liquid scintillator according to claim 1, in which there is further added, in an amount approximately equal to that of said hygroscopic substance, a substance selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate and bicarbonate and sodium carbonate and bicarbonate.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim 28 words
A liquid scintillator according to claim 1, in which alcohol is added to said scintillator in an amount between 100 and 400 c.c. per liter of said toluene.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim 20 words
A liquid scintillator according to claim 1, in which said activator is 2,5-diphenyl-oxazole and said spectrum shifter is 1, 4-bis2-(5-phenyloxazolyl)benzene.
Claim 6
Independent Claim 84 words
A method of improving the counting efficiency, in the presence of water, of a liquid scintillator having an activator and a spectrum shifter dissolved in toluene, comprising introducing into said liquid scintillator a hygroscopic substance in an amount sufficient to substantially absorb said water that is present and being soluble in said toluene at least in said amount, said hygroscopic substance being selected from the group consisting of cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose phosphate, diethylaminoethyl cellulose, benzyl diethylaminoethyl cellulose, epichlorohydrin triethanolamine cellulose, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim 25 words
The method according to claim 7, in which said amount of the hygroscopic substance is sufficient to provide a saturated solution thereof in said toluene.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim 29 words
The method according to claim 7, in which said amount of the hygroscopic substance is in the range between substantially 1.0 and 10.0 gm. per liter of said toluene.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim 40 words
The method according to claim 7, in which there is further added, in an amount approximately equal to that of said hygroscopic substance, a substance selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate and bicarbonate and sodium carbonate and bicarbonate.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim 29 words
The method according to claim 7, further comprising adding to said scintillator an amount of alcohol that is between 100 and 400 c.c. thereof per liter of said toluene.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim 19 words
The method according to claim 7, in which said activator is 2,5-diphenyl-oxazole and said spectrum shifter is 1,4-bis 2-(5-phenyloxazolyl)-benzene.

References Cited (Backward Citations)

US3573218A Cited

USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

Annuity Stage Window Opens Payment Deadline Surcharge Period Until Estimated Fee Status
3.5 Years (Year 4) 1975-07-11 1976-01-10 1976-07-11 $2000.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8) 1979-07-11 1980-01-10 1980-07-11 $3760.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12) 1983-07-11 1984-01-10 1984-07-11 $7700.00 Window Closed / Lapsed

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